Mater thesis deals with online marketing and optimization of marketing communication strategy for online job board specialised on remote jobs. The practical part based on theory and analyses of competitors and macro/micro environmental factors focus on short term marketing campaign. This campaign tests reaching the main goal of the strategy by evaluating operative goals. After evaluation of the campaign, there is optimized marketing communication strategy plan.

Die Chanten leben als Rentierzüchter in der Taiga Westsibiriens – eine Lebensweise, die durch die Erdölförderung verdrängt wird. Ihr Leben verläuft heute räumlich und sozial im Wechsel zwischen Wald und Stadt. Ihre Strategien, kulturelle Differenz und Autonomie durch Grenzziehungen mit Hilfe religiöser Praktiken und sozialer Normen aufrechtzuerhalten, werden am Beispiel des Festes zum „Tag des Rentierzüchters“ verdeutlicht. Der Autor zeigt, wie Menschen der Taiga in dieser Situation eigene Praktiken des Verbergens und Vermeidens, aber auch neue Wege der öffentlichen Repräsentation nutzen.:Inhalt 1 Einleitung ........................... 11 Fragestellungen ............................ 17 Indigene – Chanten – Rentierzüchter ............................. 20 Gastgeber – Forschungspartner – Freunde 23 Datenschutz und Anonymität 25 2 Theoretische Konzepte Lebensstil 29 3 Geschichte der Chanten am Fluss Tromjogan 35 Kolonisierung 39 Sesshaftmachung und ihre Verhinderung 42 Verstaatlichung, Industrialisierung, Erdölförderung 46 Verhältnis zur „Obrigkeit“ 50 Aussterben? 59 Rentierzucht 62 4 Stadt und Wald 66 Die Stadt Kogalym 67 Das chantische Konzept „Stadt“ 73 Die Sicht der Stadtbewohner auf die Waldbewohner 77 Die chantischen Wohnplätze 80 5 Spion oder Schwiegersohn 90 Methodologische Überlegungen 91 Ernst genommene Teilnahme 95 Rollenzuschreibungen 96 Schlussfolgerungen 108 6 Der „Tag des Rentierzüchters“ – Fassaden und Nischen der Lebensstile 111 Zugang zum Fest und Fragestellungen 111 Öffentliche Ereignisse als Rituale 118 Das Erbe des „Sowjetischen Massenfests“ 120 Geschichte des „Tages des Rentierzüchters“ 125 Festvorbereitungen 131 Offizielle Inszenierungen 139 Das informelle Programm: Nischen 156 Zusammenspiel der Gruppen im Fassadenbau 163 Getrennte Kommunikationssphären 167 7 Opferrituale und Öffentlichkeit 182 Methodische Schwierigkeiten 183 Chantische Rituale 186 Ablauf der Opferrituale 191 Trennung der Welten in den Ritualen 198 Ritualspezialisten 205 Umgang mit Öffentlichkeit 209 Verfolgung durch Christentum und Atheismus 218 Kommunikationsformen – Taktiken des Verbergens 223 Das Verborgene 233 8 Gesicht verborgen oder Gesicht verloren – Grenzen der Intimität 241 Fragestellung 242 Jimәłta-Praxis – doppelt verborgen 246 Jimәłta – Einführungsrituale 252 Heilig – jim: rein und unrein 256 Tabusprache – Respekt vor dem Anderen 266 Theoretische Überlegungen zur Grenze 268 Methodologische Schlussfolgerungen 278 9 Zusammenfassung 281 Tradition versus Moderne? 282 Strategien des Verbergens und Verschweigens 285 Strategien der Repräsentation im öffentlichen Raum 287 Öffentlichkeit und Opferrituale 288 Jimәłta und Intimität 289 Bühne und Kulissen 290 Privatsphären 294 10 Anhang 297 Programmablauf der Rentierzüchterfeste 297 Rentierzüchter am Tromjogan 302 Glossar 309 Literatur 314 Zum Autor 342 Index 343 / The Khanty live as reindeer herders in the Western Siberian Taiga but their lifestyle is endangered by crude oil extraction on their land. Today their lives are divided socially as well as spatially between the town and the forest. By taking the celebration of the Day of the Reindeer Herder as an example, the book describes the indigenous strategies to keep cultural difference and autonomy alive by drawing boundaries and maintaining religious practices and social norms. The author shows how the people of the Taiga use their traditions of hiding and avoiding as well as new ways of public representation to cope with the changes.:Inhalt 1 Einleitung ........................... 11 Fragestellungen ............................ 17 Indigene – Chanten – Rentierzüchter ............................. 20 Gastgeber – Forschungspartner – Freunde 23 Datenschutz und Anonymität 25 2 Theoretische Konzepte Lebensstil 29 3 Geschichte der Chanten am Fluss Tromjogan 35 Kolonisierung 39 Sesshaftmachung und ihre Verhinderung 42 Verstaatlichung, Industrialisierung, Erdölförderung 46 Verhältnis zur „Obrigkeit“ 50 Aussterben? 59 Rentierzucht 62 4 Stadt und Wald 66 Die Stadt Kogalym 67 Das chantische Konzept „Stadt“ 73 Die Sicht der Stadtbewohner auf die Waldbewohner 77 Die chantischen Wohnplätze 80 5 Spion oder Schwiegersohn 90 Methodologische Überlegungen 91 Ernst genommene Teilnahme 95 Rollenzuschreibungen 96 Schlussfolgerungen 108 6 Der „Tag des Rentierzüchters“ – Fassaden und Nischen der Lebensstile 111 Zugang zum Fest und Fragestellungen 111 Öffentliche Ereignisse als Rituale 118 Das Erbe des „Sowjetischen Massenfests“ 120 Geschichte des „Tages des Rentierzüchters“ 125 Festvorbereitungen 131 Offizielle Inszenierungen 139 Das informelle Programm: Nischen 156 Zusammenspiel der Gruppen im Fassadenbau 163 Getrennte Kommunikationssphären 167 7 Opferrituale und Öffentlichkeit 182 Methodische Schwierigkeiten 183 Chantische Rituale 186 Ablauf der Opferrituale 191 Trennung der Welten in den Ritualen 198 Ritualspezialisten 205 Umgang mit Öffentlichkeit 209 Verfolgung durch Christentum und Atheismus 218 Kommunikationsformen – Taktiken des Verbergens 223 Das Verborgene 233 8 Gesicht verborgen oder Gesicht verloren – Grenzen der Intimität 241 Fragestellung 242 Jimәłta-Praxis – doppelt verborgen 246 Jimәłta – Einführungsrituale 252 Heilig – jim: rein und unrein 256 Tabusprache – Respekt vor dem Anderen 266 Theoretische Überlegungen zur Grenze 268 Methodologische Schlussfolgerungen 278 9 Zusammenfassung 281 Tradition versus Moderne? 282 Strategien des Verbergens und Verschweigens 285 Strategien der Repräsentation im öffentlichen Raum 287 Öffentlichkeit und Opferrituale 288 Jimәłta und Intimität 289 Bühne und Kulissen 290 Privatsphären 294 10 Anhang 297 Programmablauf der Rentierzüchterfeste 297 Rentierzüchter am Tromjogan 302 Glossar 309 Literatur 314 Zum Autor 342 Index 343 / Оленеводы-ханты живут в Западносибирской тайге, на этой же территории ведется добыча нефти, которая ставить их образ жизни под угрозу. Их жизнь сегодня связана одновременно и с тайгой и с городом, между которыми они постоянно перемещаются и пространственно и социально. На примере празднования Дня Оленевода автор пассматривает существующие у жителей тайги стратегии сохранения культурного своеобразия и культурной автономии, связанные с проведением социальных границ при помощи культурных практик и социальных норм. Автор показывает, что в этой ситуации ханты используют как традиционные практики избегания и скрывания, так и новые способы публичной репрезентации.:Inhalt 1 Einleitung ........................... 11 Fragestellungen ............................ 17 Indigene – Chanten – Rentierzüchter ............................. 20 Gastgeber – Forschungspartner – Freunde 23 Datenschutz und Anonymität 25 2 Theoretische Konzepte Lebensstil 29 3 Geschichte der Chanten am Fluss Tromjogan 35 Kolonisierung 39 Sesshaftmachung und ihre Verhinderung 42 Verstaatlichung, Industrialisierung, Erdölförderung 46 Verhältnis zur „Obrigkeit“ 50 Aussterben? 59 Rentierzucht 62 4 Stadt und Wald 66 Die Stadt Kogalym 67 Das chantische Konzept „Stadt“ 73 Die Sicht der Stadtbewohner auf die Waldbewohner 77 Die chantischen Wohnplätze 80 5 Spion oder Schwiegersohn 90 Methodologische Überlegungen 91 Ernst genommene Teilnahme 95 Rollenzuschreibungen 96 Schlussfolgerungen 108 6 Der „Tag des Rentierzüchters“ – Fassaden und Nischen der Lebensstile 111 Zugang zum Fest und Fragestellungen 111 Öffentliche Ereignisse als Rituale 118 Das Erbe des „Sowjetischen Massenfests“ 120 Geschichte des „Tages des Rentierzüchters“ 125 Festvorbereitungen 131 Offizielle Inszenierungen 139 Das informelle Programm: Nischen 156 Zusammenspiel der Gruppen im Fassadenbau 163 Getrennte Kommunikationssphären 167 7 Opferrituale und Öffentlichkeit 182 Methodische Schwierigkeiten 183 Chantische Rituale 186 Ablauf der Opferrituale 191 Trennung der Welten in den Ritualen 198 Ritualspezialisten 205 Umgang mit Öffentlichkeit 209 Verfolgung durch Christentum und Atheismus 218 Kommunikationsformen – Taktiken des Verbergens 223 Das Verborgene 233 8 Gesicht verborgen oder Gesicht verloren – Grenzen der Intimität 241 Fragestellung 242 Jimәłta-Praxis – doppelt verborgen 246 Jimәłta – Einführungsrituale 252 Heilig – jim: rein und unrein 256 Tabusprache – Respekt vor dem Anderen 266 Theoretische Überlegungen zur Grenze 268 Methodologische Schlussfolgerungen 278 9 Zusammenfassung 281 Tradition versus Moderne? 282 Strategien des Verbergens und Verschweigens 285 Strategien der Repräsentation im öffentlichen Raum 287 Öffentlichkeit und Opferrituale 288 Jimәłta und Intimität 289 Bühne und Kulissen 290 Privatsphären 294 10 Anhang 297 Programmablauf der Rentierzüchterfeste 297 Rentierzüchter am Tromjogan 302 Glossar 309 Literatur 314 Zum Autor 342 Index 343

This study examines the current pastoralists' education situation in Uganda in the context of the education policy established, and non-formal education interventions being conducted among the Bahima and Karimojong pastroralists by both Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations, as an attempt to address the problems and issues of illiteracy and pastoral development. It is evident that education for pastoralists in Uganda creates a social consciousness with values, norms, knowledge and skills, which have a complex and dynamic relationship among the pastoralists. The problems of investigation in this research focus on information available on the functioning of pastoralism for effective provision of non-formal education programmes to the Bahima and Karimojong pastoralists; and how effectively the providers of non-formal education programmes can integrate the nomadic livelihood in the provision of non-formal education The literature review has focused on the Bahima and Karimojong pastoralists, but attempts have also been made to draw relevant lessons from other nomadic groups like Gypsies, travellers, and occupational travellers. The review has been intended to sharpen specific aspects related to pastoral and national education practices that can enable appropriate and strategic provision and implementation of non-formal education programmes to occur among the Bahima and Karimojong pastoralists in their pastoral context. Qualitative research methods used in the study were fundamentally relevant and suited for locating the meaning that semi-nomadic Bahima and Karimojong pastoralists placed on events, processes and structures of their lives, their perceptions, assumptions, prejudgments, presumptions, and for connecting these meanings to the social world around them. Presentation and analysis of data is divided into three sections including a recast of the items in the interview schedules, a summary of the research findings presented on a conceptually clustered Matrix Sheet, and a presentation of the data analysis resulting form the data displayed on the Matrix Sheet. Recommendations of the study have been clustered under the following three thematic categories: · Relevance of non-formal education programmes to the Bahima and Karimojong pastoraslist, · Factors for implementation of non-formal education programmes, and · Strategies for implementation and sustenance of non-formal education programmes among the Bahima and Karimojong pastoralists. / Educational Studies / MED (COMPARATIVE EDUCATION)

L’agriculture est un secteur d’activité privilégié pour notre objet qui est l’étude de la dynamique sociotechnique et du travail. Nous montrons dans cette étude comment des éleveurs transformés de plus en plus en agro-pasteurs, à la suite de la sécheresse et la surcharge des hommes et du cheptel sur les ressources naturelles des parcours collectifs, sont amenés à changer progressivement leurs systèmes de production et partant leurs rapports sociaux.<p><p>Au-delà d’une vision figée et homogénéisante de la paysannerie véhiculée par certains modèles sociologiques et par la vulgarisation agricole au Maroc, nous mettons l’accent sur l’hétérogénéité de la paysannerie et les aspects dynamiques de l’activité agricole et de ses acteurs.<p><p>Bien que les éleveurs/agriculteurs évoluent dans un environnement physique et économique souvent défavorable à leurs activités, ils manifestent de différentes stratégies pour améliorer leurs conditions de vie ou renforcer leurs acquis. <p><p>A partir d’une étude sur le terrain rurale de la Commune de Ben Smim, au Moyen Atlas berbère marocain et ayant mobilisé différents instruments de recueil d’informations, nous avons relevé que l’activité agricole n’est pas simplement une activité de production mais aussi de repositionnement des acteurs dans le système social. L’ethnique, le social et le politique se mêlent dans l’orientation des rapports de production. C’est pourquoi il est difficile d’isoler une pratique agricole des autres pratiques qui lui sont intimement liées et qui peuvent concerner d’autres domaines de vie des agriculteurs.<p><p>Avec la crise du nomadisme, les éleveurs/agriculteurs se fixent dans les douars ou les villages et élargissent ainsi leurs réseaux sociaux et professionnels. Ils deviennent ainsi de plus en plus perméables aux innovations techniques et organisationnelles et améliorent la performance de leurs troupeaux, introduisent de nouvelles cultures de marché et diversifient leurs stratégies de vente. Les minorités du point de vue ethnique et économique, d’intégration dans le système social local, les notables sont à même d’apporter de nouvelles variantes à leurs systèmes de production.<p><p>En fin de compte, chacun, en fonction de sa situation et de son projet, participe à la dynamique socio-technique locale. <p> / Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sciences du travail / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

A new nomad society is colonizing the desert landscape of the American Southwest. It is a leaderless seasonal swarm, dispersed but densely connected socially, able to form and disband agile urban communities the size of large American cities. It consists of highway bound leisure hunters driving extremely wasteful vehicles that while parked are able form a dense and resilient pioneer society. They are predominantly retired and constructing a new American dream, an informal utopia created from potlucks, social media, satellite dishes and mobile homes. This frontier society of urban flexibilization, decentralization and total urbanization is a product of the complexity and uncertainties of cities being amplified by technological and social disruption, climate change and economic crises. In a mobile future, informal and temporary uses will be important drivers of development and the urban periphery a breeding ground for new forms of urbanism. How do we govern, plan for and understand this development? The nomad cities are poorly documented and understood, especially in academia. With this thesis I aim to change that. I have conducted extensive field studies, including both quantitative mapping and semi-structured qualitative interviews. The data has been analyzed using a theoretical framework consisting of network theory of Castells, spatial analysis ideas of Lefebvre, Venturi, Friedman, Deleuze and Guattari, and social theories of Bourdieu, Foucault and Standing among others. The basic building block of the nomad city are recreational vehicles (RVs); trailers, motorhomes and camper vans. The RV is in itself a hybrid phenomenon that embodies conflicting ideals of the American society: total freedom of movement, the reinvention of the self on the frontier and the American dream. It is both individualistic and community based, and it’s urban forms are highly adaptable to societal changes, mirroring society’s development as well as the changing landscape it inhabits. It recreates itself and revises its citizens’ common habitus with every iteration. The RV world contains multiple layers of meaning for our increasingly urbanized society. It is a frontier for the expansion of exurbia and a physical manifestations of the network society. It creates small initiatives that create ripple effects and thereby a transformation of the urban fabric. To encourage these practices the role of planning needs to be revised. It should not primarily be to decide what is built but to enable the emerging practices that are there. Instead of presenting a grand plan we should allow a multitude of bottom up processes to lead development. In the words of Cedric Price: “The primary aim of planning is not to specify an ideal state but to open up to new possibilities”.

Using the theoretical idea of ‘writing between’ to describe the condition of the travelling subject, this study attempts to chart some of the literary, intellectual and cultural connections that exist(ed) between black South African intellectuals and writers, and the experiences of their African- American counterparts in their common movements towards civil liberty, enfranchisement and valorised consciousness. The years 1913-1936 saw important historical events taking place in the United States, South Africa and the world – and their effects on the peoples of the African diaspora were signficant. Such events elicited unified black diasporic responses to colonial hegemony. Using theories of transatlantic/transnational cultural negotiation as a starting point, conceptualisations that map out, and give context to, the connections between transcontinental black experiences of slavery and subjugation, this study seeks to re-envisage such black South African and African-American intellectual discourses through reading them anew. These texts have been re-covered and re-situated, are both published and unpublished, and engage the notion of travel and the instability of transatlantic voyaging in the liminal state of ‘writing between’. With my particular regional focus, I explore the cultural and intellectual politics of these diasporic interrelations in the form of case studies of texts from several genres, including fiction and autobiography. They are: the travel writings of Xhosa intellectual, DDT Jabavu, with a focus on his 1913 journey to the United States; an analysis of Ethelreda Lewis’s novel, Wild Deer (1933), which imagines the visit of an African-American musician, Paul Robeson-like figure to South Africa; and Eslanda Goode Robeson’s representation of her African Journey (1945) to the country in 1936, and the traveller’s gaze as expressed through the ethnographic imagination, or the anthropological ‘eye’ in the text. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.

Urak Lawoi is the name of one of the sea nomadic tribes which lives along the shores of Myanmar, Thailand and Malaysia. They are spread on many of the islands in the Andaman Sea archipelago and Ko Lanta is the main settlement. Urak Lawoi is regarded as the indigenous people of the island and they live there as a minority together with Muslims and Thai-Chinese.  The traditional religion and culture of Urak Lawoi is built upon the animistic belief of their ancestors. In the last 20 years Ko Lanta has experienced a tremendous process of change caused by increasing tourism. The conditions of the Urak Lawoi and their way of life have dramatically changed. The fact that this process brings consequences for the traditional culture and religion is obvious, but in what direction is it developing? To be able to interpret and expound the material from my field studies among Urak Lawoi on Ko Lanta in October-December 2009, I have done a literature search to investigate the animistic traditions and the syncretistic nature of belief in Thailand. I have also tried to find theories about the process of religious change and the forces working behind them. In this essay I am trying to do a theoretical analysis of the field study material using theories and parallel examples I have found in the literature.

"December 2006". / Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Human Geography, 2007. / Bibliography: p. 284-307. / Introduction -- Case-study area profile and methodology -- A walkabout race?: contemporary Aboriginal mobilities in Yamatji country -- State service provision and Aboriginal mobilities -- Security and belonging: re-conceptualising Aboriginal mobilities -- Security and belonging and the mainstream economy -- The ties that bind: negotiating security and belonging through family -- Conclusion. / This dissertation explores contemporary Aboriginal spatial practices in Yamatji country, Western Australia, within the context of rural service provision by the State government. The central themes with which it engages are a) historical and contemporary conceptualisations of Aboriginal spatialities; b) the lived experiences of Aboriginal mobilities in the region; and c) the dialectical, and often contentious, relationship between Aboriginal spatial practices and public health, housing, and education services. Drawing primarily on a range of field interviews, the thesis opens up a discursive space for examining the cultural content and hidden assumptions in constructions of 'appropriate' models of spatial mobility. In taking a policy-oriented focus, it argues that the appropriate provision of basic government services requires a shift away from overly simplistic assumptions and discourses of Aboriginal mobility. Until the often subtle practices of rendering particular Aboriginal mobilities as irrational, deviant, and/or mysterious are challenged and replaced, deep-colonising practices in rural and remote Australia will persist. --The thesis reconceptualises contemporary Aboriginal spatial practices in Yamatji country based upon an examination of dynamics and circumstances that undergird Aboriginal mobilities in the region. With this empirical focus, it argues that Aboriginal spatial practices are fashioned by the processes of procuring, cultivating and contesting a sense of security and belonging. Case study material presented suggests that two primary considerations inform these processes. A post-settlement history of contested alienation from family and country (both sources from which belonging and security were traditionally derived), and a changing engagement with mainstream social and economic institutions, have produced a context in which security and belonging are iteratively derived from a number of sources. Contemporary Aboriginal spatial practices therefore take a complex variety of forms. The thesis concludes that adopting the framework of security and belonging for interpreting contemporary Aboriginal mobilities provides a starting point for engaging more effectively and intentionally with dynamic Aboriginal spatial practices in service delivery policy and practice. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / x, 320 p. ill., maps

This study examines the current pastoralists' education situation in Uganda in the context of the education policy established, and non-formal education interventions being conducted among the Bahima and Karimojong pastroralists by both Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations, as an attempt to address the problems and issues of illiteracy and pastoral development. It is evident that education for pastoralists in Uganda creates a social consciousness with values, norms, knowledge and skills, which have a complex and dynamic relationship among the pastoralists. The problems of investigation in this research focus on information available on the functioning of pastoralism for effective provision of non-formal education programmes to the Bahima and Karimojong pastoralists; and how effectively the providers of non-formal education programmes can integrate the nomadic livelihood in the provision of non-formal education The literature review has focused on the Bahima and Karimojong pastoralists, but attempts have also been made to draw relevant lessons from other nomadic groups like Gypsies, travellers, and occupational travellers. The review has been intended to sharpen specific aspects related to pastoral and national education practices that can enable appropriate and strategic provision and implementation of non-formal education programmes to occur among the Bahima and Karimojong pastoralists in their pastoral context. Qualitative research methods used in the study were fundamentally relevant and suited for locating the meaning that semi-nomadic Bahima and Karimojong pastoralists placed on events, processes and structures of their lives, their perceptions, assumptions, prejudgments, presumptions, and for connecting these meanings to the social world around them. Presentation and analysis of data is divided into three sections including a recast of the items in the interview schedules, a summary of the research findings presented on a conceptually clustered Matrix Sheet, and a presentation of the data analysis resulting form the data displayed on the Matrix Sheet. Recommendations of the study have been clustered under the following three thematic categories: · Relevance of non-formal education programmes to the Bahima and Karimojong pastoraslist, · Factors for implementation of non-formal education programmes, and · Strategies for implementation and sustenance of non-formal education programmes among the Bahima and Karimojong pastoralists. / Educational Studies / MED (COMPARATIVE EDUCATION)

Cette thèse de doctorat est consacrée à l’étude de l’un des tabous majeurs des sociétés humaines :la consommation par un individu de la chair ou de toute autre substance issue de ses semblables, autrement dit l’anthropophagie (ou cannibalisme). Selon une approche inédite, la problématique a été abordée dans toute la diversité de ses manifestations, au travers d’une documentation très variée, tant textuelle qu’iconographique, dans le cadre de l’Antiquité grecque et latine et au sein du Moyen Age occidental (latin surtout). L’objectif de la recherche était de mettre en évidence les pratiques, les discours et l’imaginaire d’un comportement alimentaire radicalement étranger aux normes culturelles des périodes et des lieux envisagés.<p>Le plan de la thèse est conçu comme un parcours débutant et s’achevant aux confins du monde (le cannibalisme de « l’Autre »), tandis que le cœur du travail est consacré au cannibalisme de « l’intérieur », celui des affamés et des marginaux surtout. Tout naturellement, l’attention se focalise d’abord sur Homère et la confrontation d’Ulysse avec le Cyclope, qui installe dans la tradition l’imaginaire du pasteur des confins du monde, grand amateur de chair humaine. Hérodote, quant à lui, construit l’image d’un monde connu dont les frontières sont occupées par des peuples qui apprécient bien souvent la chair humaine. Là encore, le pasteur nomade est synonyme de sauvagerie. Une telle tradition perdure chez les auteurs latins antiques et médiévaux, qui reprennent à leur compte les anciens anthropophages en les déplaçant parfois, en les multipliant éventuellement. Mappae mundi médiévales, récits de voyage et descriptions du monde maintiennent dans les siècles qui suivent les mangeurs de chair humaine aux marges du monde, là où Colomb s’attendra plus tard à les trouver.<p>Le rôle du cannibalisme en tant que marqueur d’altérité trouve un écho très fort dans la marginalisation de certains groupes ou individus au sein même des sociétés antiques ou médiévales. A notamment été développé le cas des accusations de cet ordre portées contre les premiers Chrétiens. Le danger représenté par le franchissement de la norme fait naître par inversion des pratiques ou des croyances qui visent à exploiter les potentialités curatives ou « magiques » de la consommation de substances humaines :en témoignent le controversé cannibalisme médical ainsi que le matériel offert par les pénitentiels médiévaux. Un bref chapitre s’attache à un autre genre de comportements en marge :des scènes de cannibalisme censées avoir constitué le point culminant d’épisodes de violence collective.<p>Une grande attention a été accordée au cannibalisme de survie, le recours à la chair humaine comme nourriture de substitution en période de famine. Le passage de l’incompréhension antique face à un comportement indigne de l’homme à l’assimilation par la pensée chrétienne de ce type de cannibalisme à un fléau divin a été largement traité. La longue tradition médiévale des récits, issus de Flavius Josèphe, relatant la consommation d’un enfant par sa mère au cours du siège de Jérusalem a permis de démontrer la force de la présence du thème du cannibalisme dans l’imaginaire médiéval en tant que sanction divine. Une ample documentation a pu être réévaluée à la lumière de ce constat, ce qui a notamment permis de montrer de quelle façon l’évocation du cannibalisme pouvait être instrumentalisée afin de signifier la présence d’une sanction divine.<p> / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished