Ultra fast fashion är ett relativt nytt fenomen som definieras som företag som producerar kläder på kort tid och säljer dessa till lågt pris. Snabb förändrade trender i kombination med korta marknadsföringsvägar gör det möjligt för ultra fast fashion att växa.    Granskningar har visat inhumana arbetsförhållanden för arbetare på fabriker som tillverkar produkterna och med tanke på att kläderna produceras så snabbt och billigt blir det även stora negativa konsekvenser för miljön. Trots att konsumenter kan känna till detta finns det många som ändå konsumerar ultra fast fashion.    Den här studien har studerat konsumtionsbeteenden inom ultra fast fashion för att ta reda på vilka demografiska faktorer som gör att människor handlar ultra fast fashion samt om de har handlat ultra fast fashion tidigare, vad får dem att handla igen. Detta är en kvantitativ studie där data har samlats in genom en enkät. Undersökningen är utformad med demografiska frågor i början och med en betingad fråga i mitten som delar upp respondenterna.    Den insamlade datan visar att den demografiska faktorn som gör att man handlar ultra fast fashion är kön då kvinnor visade sig handla ultra fast fashion i större utsträckning än män. Det kan inte sägas säkert att ålder spelar in om man handlar fast fashion eller inte, inte heller hur konsumenternas köpbeteende av ultra fast fashion påverkas av hur miljömedveten man känner sig eller hur hög socioekonomisk status man har. Studien behandlar även konsumentens känsla efter att ha handlat ultra fast fashion samt beslut att handla i framtiden. Det visar sig att det är låg sannolikhet att konsumenten som har handlat ultra fast fashion tidigare handlar ultra fast fashion igen, men vad det beror på kan inte med säkerhet sägas. / Ultra fast fashion is a relatively new phenomenon defined by companies that produce clothes in a short time and sell them at a low price. Rapidly changing trends and short marketing paths allow ultra fast fashion to grow and shorten the production line.   Studies have shown inhumane working conditions for workers in factories that manufacture ultra fast fashion products. Long working hours and low wages are just two of many negative aspects. As the garments are not manufactured in a sustainable way and are consumed in abundance, its consumption has a large negative environmental impact. Most consumers are aware of the negative impact on the environment and the poor working conditions for workers, while many continue to consume ultra fast fashion. This study has analyzed ultra fast fashion consumption behaviors to find out which demographic factors make people buy ultra fast fashion and if they have bought ultra fast fashion before, what makes them buy it again.    This is a quantitative study where data has been collected through a survey. The survey is designed with demographic questions at the beginning and with a conditional question in the middle that divides the group of respondents.  Collected data shows that the demographic factor that makes one buy ultra fast fashion is when women were found to buy ultra fast fashion to a greater extent than men. The age of the consumers is not significantly proven to affect whether the consumer chooses to buy ultra fast fashion or not, neither are the factors environmentally aware or socioeconomic status. The study also deals with the consumer's feelings after shopping ultra fast fashion and decisions to shop in the future. It turns out that there is a low probability that the consumer who has shopped ultra fast fashion before will shop ultra fast fashion again, however there is no sure connection as to what this is due to.

No description available.

The problem addressed in this research was to develop an approach for the simultaneous green design of products and associated manufacturing processes including demanufacturing concerns. We propose a generic approach called Integrated Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing (IECDM) which can be applied to address problems in the ECDM domain. IECDM incorporates environmental considerations into the engineering design process, thereby increasing a product's total life-cycle value (including its end-of-life value) as experienced by the customer, manufacturer, and society, while simultaneously reducing impacts on the environment caused by that product and its manufacturing processes. IECDM is a novel integration of Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA), Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM), and Cost-Benefit Assessment (CBA). The focus is on process, based on modification of the traditional QFD methodology to incorporate environmental issues and green product-design decisions through the life cycle design activities of synthesis, analysis, and evaluation. This dissertation presents a QFD-based IECDM approach, a mathematical CBA model, and an IDDS (Integrated Design Decision-Support) framework with a design-flow-chart application for incorporating environmental criteria into product and process eco-design. The IECDM problem is defined as: given the customer and environmental requirements, develop an integrated approach for green product design that results in maximization of the product's total life-cycle value (TLCV). Initially. through investigation in the field of ECDM, we specified a clear ECDM domain within Industrial Ecology. Then. we proposed various state-of-the-art techniques that were used to implement ECDM in the literature. After we defined the IECDM problem. we developed an integrated approach that led to a generic QFD-IECDM methodology for dealing with problems in the ECDM domain. Finally, for implementing the proposed methodology, we developed a tentative IODS framework to encourage long-term development followed by an example. / Ph. D.

В статье анализируется необходимость формирования осознанного отношения у молодежи к смерти. Было выяснено, что сегодня молодёжь живёт в благополучной среде и в основном довольна жизнью, но есть факторы, провоцирующие рост риска суицидального поведения. Результатом представляется проект «Развитие осознанного отношения к смерти у молодёжи». / The article analyzes the necessity of forming an informed attitude to death among young people. It was found out that today young people live in a prosperous environment and are mostly satisfied with life, but there are factors provoking the growth of risk of suicidal behavior. The result is the project "Development of conscious attitude to death in youth".

Critical care nurses experience stressful situations in their daily working environments. The question arises for nurses: are there adequate support systems in the critical care environment and what are critical care nurses doing to mantain their own health and well-being. Facilitating conscious awareness among critical care nurses could enhance their resiliency and their hardiness, strengthening their coping capacities in stressful working situations. The contextual framework adopted for this research was the Neuman Systems Model. A qualitative research approach (exploratory, descriptive and contextual) was used to explore and describe the stress experienced by critical care nurses. Focus group interviews were conducted with critical care nurses and individual interviews with nurse managers. The results revealed their perceptions and experiences about the effects of stress in the critical care environment, as well as some of their coping strategies. Raising critical care nurses' levels of conscious awareness about their coping strategies with stressful events in their daily working lives, could enhance their resiliency and hardiness, enabling them to continue working effectively in stressful environments. This could enhance the general well-being of individual critical care nurses, the nursing care rendered to critically ill patients, and save money for the health care services by reducing turnover rates among critical care nurses. / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Imago relationship therapy was originally applied to couples counselling by Dr Hendrix (1992, 1993). This model was applied to a group of senior managers from the Lonmin Platinum Mine to create an understanding of intrapersonal and interpersonal dynamics to reduce the conflict levels they experienced in the workplace. Imago theory is applicable to the workplace because of the influence of intrapersonal processes on interpersonal dynamics, which is the same influence that causes conflict in romantic relationships. Love relationships consist of three stages, namely romantic love, the power struggle stage, and the real love stage. In the organisational context, these stages are the initial excitement phase, the power struggle stage, and the conscious relating stage. The study aimed to obtain quantitative and qualitative data on the effects of the Imago theory programme presented to the group of managers. The study thus aimed to determine whether the managers experienced a shift in their consciousness after the programme had been presented. Furthermore, the study aimed to determine whether such a shift in consciousness would have an effect on the individuals’ overall emotional wellbeing and if it would increase their overall life satisfaction. Furthermore, the study investigates if the programme had a positive effect on their interpersonal relationships (particularly with their subordinates). Twenty-two senior managers and 22 subordinates participated in the study. Certain pre-tests were conducted, followed by the seven-module intervention. The same post-tests were conducted after the training had taken place. Quantitative and qualitative results were obtained. The quantitative results showed that the participants’ problem solving abilities improved and that they experienced marginally higher levels of life satisfaction. The reactivity levels experienced by the participants during conflict situations decreased, and their levels of marital satisfaction improved. The results also showed that the managers responded more positively to their subordinates after the intervention. Furthermore, the subordinates experienced their managers as being more flexible after the intervention. The qualitative results indicated that a shift in consciousness did take place as envisaged. The group understood both intrapersonal and interpersonal psychodynamics. They also willingly applied Imago concepts to improve their functioning in the organisational context. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

儘管民主政治是一種不夠完美的制度，但仍係人類社會迄今為止最能尊重與保障個人平等自由生活方式的一種政治制度，故而在廿世紀下半葉廣獲世界各國青睞。透過政治文化的觀點，我們瞭解到民主政治的建立與發展，一般人民是否具有民主的精神與素養，往往要比政治制度或典則是否完善，更具有決定性的影響。因此，本研究將「民主」定義為一種生活方式，希望從人們對民主內涵之覺察與認識，從蘊含於其日常行為價值觀中的表現，探討民主價值成為個人生活方式的可能影響。 東亞大陸上的華人社會，不論是中國大陸或台灣都肯定民主的價值，也都朝民主的方向邁進，然而二者選擇之路徑不同，歷經之階段亦不相同。台灣已成功地從威權體制轉型為民主政治，大陸則在改革開放的驅動下，著手施行有中國特色的社會主義民主建設。民主轉型能否成為兩岸未來和平對話的契機？值得我們關注。 兩岸青年雖然生活於不同的教育環境，但是資訊時代為他（她）們的成長提供了日益趨同的國際舞台。在現代化民主潮流的衝激下，他（她）們習得怎樣的民主內涵，對兩岸關係未來的發展，勢必會有重要的影響。因而本研究關切兩岸大學生政治學習的內容如何，其民主意識的內涵有何異同，兩岸大學生會有怎樣的政治參與意向，以及社會化媒介對其民主意識和政治參與意向所可能的影響。 經由內容分析法比較兩岸大學生高中時期政治學習的內容，發現兩岸的教育重心都在強化政治知識和政治策略，但本質意涵仍有顯著差異：其中各自對「政治社群」的認同對象不同、「政治知識」的來源不同、「政治策略」的性質不同，猶有甚者，彼此教科書對「民主價值」的認知與詮釋差異甚大。大陸方面的政治教科書對意識形態的強調與堅持比台灣遠甚。 本研究同時以態度量表進行經驗調查，以立意取樣的方式，在兩岸選取政治大學、成功大學、東吳大學和北京大學、人民大學、（廣州）中山大學等六所學校共1100餘位學生作為對比分析。經過冗長的統計分析與論證，本研究所提出的各項假設獲得了部分的驗證。 根據本研究發現，兩岸大學生影響其民主意識與政治參與意向的原因容或有所不同，但從調查結果可知，雖然兩岸在政治、經濟體制上分離了五十餘年，但本研究所調查的兩岸大學生在許多方面都呈現了相同之處，並且對於民主仍充滿了肯定，甚至大陸大學生對於民主的渴望猶勝生活在自由風氣中的台灣大學生。筆者認為，這樣的共識讓兩岸有了對話的平台，在未來的兩岸關係中，這群政治與社會的菁英勢必能由此發展出新的出路。 / Democratic political system which has been widely accepted in the second half of the 20th century all over the world has played the best role in respecting and guaranteeing individuals’ equal and liberal lifestyle so far, though it might not be the most perfect. Though the view of political culture, we acknowledge that in the establishment and development of democratic politics, whether the ordinary people have democratic spirits usually has more crucial effects than whether the political regimes and norms are flawless. Therefore in this research, the writer defines ‘democracy’ as ‘a lifestyle’ and tries to discuss the possible effect of democratic lifestyle through people’s awareness and understanding of democratic connotation and their daily behavior reflecting their values. In the Chinese society on the Eastern Asia continent, both the Mainland China and Taiwan approve the democratic value and move toward the democracy. But they chose different ways, either the developing stages. Taiwan has successfully changed from the authoritarian system to democratic politics while the Mainland China has been performing the China Style Socialist Democracy Construction in the motivation of the market-oriented Reformation. Can the democratic transition create a peacefully conversational opportunity? It’s worth paying attention. The youth of both sides are living in the different educational environment, but the Information Age provides them an international stage more and more similar. By the wash of democratic wave, what democratic connotation they have learned will make a big impact on the cross-straight relationship in the future. So this research concerns on the undergraduates’ political study contents, the differences between their democratic connotation, their political participation wills and the probably effects of socialization media on their democratic conscious and political participation wills. After comparing the political study contents in high school by content analysis method, it is found that the educational cores of both sides are political knowledge and political policy, but they have distinct essences in who the political community identifies, where the political knowledge comes, what the political policy means, and the most different, how the democratic value is explained. The political textbook of the Mainland China enhances the ideology more often than Taiwan. Meanwhile, in this research the scaling method was adopted to execute the experience survey. With the purpose-sampling method, more than 1100 students of National Cheng Chi University, National Cheng Kung University and Soochow University in Taiwan and Peking University, Renmin University and Sun Yet-san University in the Mainland China are chosen. Through the tough statistic analysis and demonstration, the hypotheses of this research have been large partly proved. According to the research founds, in both sides the factors which effect the undergraduates’ democratic conscious and political participation wills are different. This survey also tells us that the undergraduates in both sides has a lot in common although have been politically and economically separated for more than 50 years. They both feel very positive towards democracy, further more, the Mainland China undergraduates are more eager to democracy than Taiwan undergraduates who are living the liberal atmosphere. The author believes that this common opinion constructs the talk bridge between the Straights. In the future, these political and social elites will develop a new peaceful path to change the present vague relationship between both sides through the democratic way.

The work is focusing on children personality development in the sense of developing ability to live meaningful life, positive thinking and programming of own goals. Theoreti- cally are described key laws of life that children learn through the completed project. This projecttakesintoaccountandusesthepsychologicalassumptionsofrelevantagegroup.The project also applies methods and techniques of dramatic education.The result of the project is evaluation of the successfulness and effectiveness from the long term perspective and thereforeitscontributioninrelationtochildrenandtheirabilitytolivetheirlivesmeaningfully. Keywords: Dramatic education, positive thinking, programming of own goals, personality develo- pment, self-perception, conscious intentions, the power of thoughts

[pt] Apesar do aumento da consciência e do interesse do consumidor por produtos verdes e de uma pré-disposição para compra de produtos e serviços mais ecologicamente corretos, pode-se notar muitas vezes a falta de correspondência nos consumidores entre seu discurso e suas ações, isto é, uma incoerência entre atitudes e comportamento, também chamada hiato. Pode-se dizer que muitas vezes há uma pré-disposição (atitude) ecológica, porém esta não se transforma em ação (comportamento) de compra favorável ao meio ambiente. Dessa forma, apesar de vários estudos terem sido realizados sobre o comportamento do consumidor, nenhuma explicação definitiva sobre o fenômeno do hiato e nenhum modelo comportamental preciso para sua compreensão foi encontrado. O presente estudo visa contribuir com a literatura para uma compreensão mais profunda deste fenômeno, sob um novo prisma, analisando os fatores influentes no hiato sob a perspectiva de contraste de gerações. O estudo busca compreender os principais fatores influentes que contribuem para aumentar ou reduzir este hiato entre atitude e comportamento ecologicamente consciente que ocorrem nas Gerações Baby Boomers (BB) e Y, bem como suas principais diferenças e semelhanças. Para o desenvolvimento da tese foram realizadas trinta entrevistas em profundidade com consumidores residentes no Rio de Janeiro, sendo quinze pertencentes à Geração Baby Boomers e quinze pertencentes à Geração Y. Para realização da análise de conteúdo das entrevistas se utilizou o software Atlas.ti para facilitar a interpretação dos dados e organização dos resultados. Buscou-se identificar os principais fatores influentes no hiato em ambas as gerações analisando cinco atividades de consumo: produtos ecologicamente corretos, energia, água, transporte e reciclagem/descarte. Os resultados apontam as principais semelhanças e diferenças encontradas entre os comportamentos das gerações Baby Boomers e Y e demonstram uma maior preocupação e comportamento mais consciente por parte dos indivíduos da Geração Y no que tange algumas atividades de consumo. Ao final é proposto um modelo de comportamento ecologicamente consciente para melhor compreensão deste hiato e no qual são evidenciados os principais fatores que contribuem para aumentar ou reduzir o hiato em ambas as gerações. / [en] Despite increased awareness and consumer interest in green products and a pre-disposition to purchase more environmentally friendly products and services, we can often notice the lack of correspondence between consumers speech and their actions. Therefore, there is an inconsistency between attitudes and behavior, also called gap. It can be said that there is often an environmentally friendly pre-disposition (attitude) which does not often turn into action (behavior). Thus, although several studies have been conducted on consumer behavior, not a definitive explanation of the gap phenomenon and not a precise behavioral model for its compreehension was found so far. The present study aims to contribute to the literature for a deeper understanding of this phenomenon in a new light by analyzing the influential factors on the gap from the perspective of different generations. The study seeks to understand the main influential factors that contribute to increase or reduce this gap between attitude and environmentally conscious behavior that occur in members of Baby Boomers (BB) generation and Y generation, as well as their similarities and differences. For the development of the thesis thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with consumers residing in Rio de Janeiro; fifteen belonged to the Baby Boomers generation and fifteen to the Y generation. The analysis of the results used the Atlas ti software in order to facilitate interpretation and data organization. The results show the main influential factors on the gap on both generations (BB and Y), by analyzing five consumption activities: environmentally friendly products, energy, water, transportation and recycling / disposal. The results show the main similarities and differences between the behavior of the BB and the Y generations indicate greater concern and more conscious behavior by individuals of generation Y in terms of some consumption activities. At the end, a model of ecologically conscious behavior is proposed to better understand the phenomenon called gap. The main factors that contribute to increase or reduce this gap in both generations are highlighted.

Zielsetzung: Der Nachweis eines Apallischen Syndroms (APS) ist trotz der diagnostischen Kriterien der Multi Society Task Force on persistent vegetative state (MSTF) selbst für erfahrene Kliniker eine diagnostische Herausforderung. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, inwieweit etablierte neurologische Untersuchungstechniken die Anwendung der MSTF-Kriterien vereinfachen und so zur Diagnose des APS beitragen. Design: Prospektive diagnostische Studie Patienten: Von initial 24 Patienten mit der Differentialdiagnose eines APS wurden 16 Patienten endgültig in die Studie eingeschlossen und einer prospektiven klinischen Untersuchung unterzogen. Das Studienprotokoll umfasste die Untersuchung der spontanen Motorik sowie Reiz korrelierter motorischen Reaktionen, der Primitivreflexe, Habituation und der Okulomotorik. Ergebnisse: Die Diagnosekriterien der MSTF waren bei allen Patienten nachweisbar, die in die Studie eingeschlossenen wurden. Darüber hinaus wurde durch die Studie weitere, ebenfalls häufig auftretende klinischen Symptome identifiziert, die als Markersymptom für eine APS bewertet wurden: spontane Automatismen (N=12), periodisch-alternierende Augenbewegungen (N=12), startle Reaktion nach externer Reizung (N=10) und Spastik (N=9). Klinische Symptome, die erhaltene Bewusstseinsleistung voraussetzen wie reflektorische Sakkaden, Habituation, der optokinetische Nystagmus und Augenfolgebewegungen oder Symptome, die auf eine schwere Hirnstammschädigung hinweisen wie eine Dezerebrationshaltung, wurden als Ausschlusskriterien eines APS vorgeschlagen. Zusammenfassung: Die Erweiterung der MSTF-Diagnosekriterien um obligatorische und unterstützende Schlüsselsymptome sowie klar definierte Ausschlusskriterien erleichtert die klinische Differentialdiagnose des APS und führt zu einer größeren Diagnosesicherheit des Syndroms. / Objective: Although the Multi Society Task Force (MSTF) on persistent vegetative state (PVS) published diagnostic criteria ten years ago, differentiation of PVS from similar syndromes remains a diagnostic challenge. The aim of our study was the prospective identification of clinically assessable symptoms supplementary to the MSTF criteria which supports or rejects the diagnosis of a PVS and to reevaluate the parameters after 30 month. Design: Prospective diagnostic study Setting: The 90-bed department of Neurology of the University hospital of Berlin. Patients and participants: Out of 24 screened patients with the differential diagnosis PVS, 16 patients were finally included to the study and prospectively assessed by a clinical examination, comprising spontaneous and reflexive motor activities, primitive reflexes, habituation and eye movements. Measurements and results: Mandatory symptoms of the MSTF were found in all 16 patients. In addition, clinical features like spontaneous automatisms (n=12), periodic alternating gaze deviation (n=12), startle reaction to external stimuli (n=10), and spastic muscular tone (n=9) were found frequently and considered supportive for the diagnosis. In contrast to previous observations, periodic alternating eye movements and increased muscular tone were found more frequently in our patients. Symptoms linked to a preserved consciousness like reflexive visually guided saccades, habituation, an optokinetic nystagmus and eye tracking or symptoms indicating a severe functional impairment of the brainstem like a decerebrated posture were proposed as excluding PVS. Conclusion: The application of mandatory and supportive symptoms lead to a further improvement of diagnostic certainty in PVS, particular in patient presenting exceptional clinical phenomena. Clearly defined exclusive criteria prevent from misdiagnosis.