The main objective of the thesis was to extend the definition of an M-Group to what is called an M-Ring. From this extension a system called an expanded ring follows naturally. To facilitate the development of the expanded ring, chapter I is devoted to developing properties on systems that are not quite rings where many interesting examples are constructed. In chapter II the definition of an M-Ring is given and some of its properties are derived. In chapter III some of the properties of expanded rings are proved, and examples of expanded rings are given to show their existence.

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Le cadre général de cette thèse est celui de la propriété d’indépendance en théorie des modèles. Les théories sans cette propriété sont appelées NIP ou dépendantes. L’objectif principal est de trouver de nouveaux exemples de théories appartenant à cette classe. Nous montrons d’abord un résultat isolé qui répond une question de Pillay : dans un groupe NIP possédant une partie infinie de classe de nilpotence finie, on y trouve un sous-groupe définissable de même classe de nilpotence et contenant cette partie infinie. Le reste de la thèse est motivé par deux cadres extrêmement proches : les groupes abéliens munis d’une chaîne de sous-groupes uniformément définissables, et les groupes abéliens valués. Dans le premier cas nous identifions une certaine théorie et nous étudions plusieurs extensions de cette théorie. Nous prouvons une élimination des quantificateurs dans chacune des ses extensions, grâce à laquelle la NIP en découle facilement. Le dernier résultat est le plus substantiel. Nous montrons qu’une théorie naturelle de chaîne colorée munie quasi-automorphismes n’a pas la propriété d’indépendance. Nous appliquons ensuite ce résultat à une certaine théorie de groupes valués, étudiée par Simonetta dans le contexte des groupes C-minimaux, pour en conclure qu’elle est NIP. Nous montrons aussi d’une façon assez directe (en utilisant des résultats de Rubin et Poizat) qu’une chaîne colorée munie d’automorphismes est NIP. / This PhD thesis is in the general area of the independence property in model theory.Theories without this property are called NIP or dependent. The main objective of this thesis is to find new examples belonging to this class. Firstly, we prove an isolated result that answers a question stated by Pillay : if a NIP group contains an infinite set of finite nilpotency class, then there exists a definable subgroup of the same nilpotency class containing this set. The rest of this thesis is motivated by two extremely closed related contexts : abelian groups equipped with an uniformly definable chain of subgroups, and valued groups. In the first case we identify a theory and study several extensions of it. We prove quantifier elimination in each of these extensions, and use it to easily conclude that they are NIP. The last result is the most significant one. We prove that a natural theory of linear orderings equipped with quasi-automorphisms doesn’t have the independence property. Then we apply this result to a particular theory of valued abelian groups, which has been studied by Simonetta in the context of C-minimal groups, to conclude that it is NIP. We also prove in a rather straightforward way (using results by Rubin and Poizat) that a linear ordering equipped with automorphisms is NIP

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:45:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 458500 bytes, checksum: 8f45ac358c025eca77942539ace5f137 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The set of all automorphisms of a group G form a group denoted by Aut(G). In this work we study automorphisms of finite abelian groups, mainly following the approach by Christopher J. Hillar and Darren L. Rhea according to the paper Automorphisms of finite abelian Groups (American Mathematical Monthly 114 n. 10 (2007) 917-923). The main objective is to characterize the automorphism group Aut(G), where G is a finite abelian group and present a formula for the number of elements of Aut(G). The determination of this formula is done in two distinct ways: one from the calculation of the number of elements of the group Aut(G) viewed as the group of units of the endomorphisms ring End(G) and the other using certain characteristic subgroups of the group G. This latter method follows the development made by Heinrich Kuhn in his doctoral thesis. / O conjunto de todos os automorfismos de um grupo G forma um grupo denotado por Aut(G). Neste trabalho estudamos automorfismos de grupos abelianos finitos, seguindo principalmente a abordagem feita por Christopher J. Hillar e Darren L. Rhea no artigo Automorphisms of finite abelian Groups (American Mathematical Monthly 114 n. 10 (2007) 917-923). O objetivo principal ́e fazer uma caracterização do grupo de automorfismos Aut(G), onde G ́e um grupo abeliano finito e apresentar uma fórmula para o número de elementos de Aut(G). A determinação desta f ́ormula ́e feita de duas maneiras distintas: uma a partir do cálculo do número de elementos do grupo Aut(G) visto como grupo das unidades do anel de endomorfismos End(G) e a outra utilizando certos subgrupos característicos do grupo G. Esse último método segue o desenvolvimento feito por Heinrich Kuhn, em sua tese de doutorado.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 564673 bytes, checksum: caec7ef95e0e9b70eb60b56bfa2f6547 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this paper we study finite Abelian groups, where state and prove the fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups, as well as determine a characterization of automorphisms of a p-group, moreover, we exhibit an algorithm that determines the count of the number of automorphisms of p-groups. Finally, we show the automorphisms of the non-Abelian dihedral group. / Neste trabalho estudamos Grupos Abelianos finitos, onde enunciamos e provamos o Teorema fundamental dos grupos abelianos finitamente gerados, bem como determinamos uma caracterização dos automorfismos de um p-grupo, além disso, exibimos um algoritmo que determina a contagem do número de automorfismos desses p-grupos. Por fim, mostramos os automorfismos do grupo não-Abeliano Diedral .

Dada uma palavra w e um grupo G, suponha que o conjunto Gw pode ser coberto por finitos subgrupos cÃclicos. à verdade que w(G) tambÃm pode ser coberto por finitos subgrupos cÃclicos? Nesta dissertaÃÃo mostraremos que a resposta à positiva para a palavra comutador. / Given a word w and a group G, suppose that the set can be Gw covered by finite cyclic subgroups. It is true that w(G) can also be covered by finite cyclic subgroups? This dissertation will show that the answer is positive for the word switch.

Orientador: Dessislava Hristova Kochloukova / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T02:25:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LeonardodeAmorine_D.pdf: 582293 bytes, checksum: ed3c907af5279b8923c782d730bcf1d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Nesta tese consideramos uma extensão cindida G de um grupo abeliano A por um grupo nilpotente (de classe 2) Q e provamos dois resultados. Primeiro, se Q age nilpotentemente sobre A e G tem tipo FP2, calculamos o sigma invariante de G em dimensão 2. Segundo, se G tem tipo FP4, mostramos que cada quociente de G tem tipo FP4 / Abstract: In this thesis we consider a split extension G of an abelian group A by a nilpotent group (class 2) Q and prove two results. First, if Q acts nilpotently on A and G has type FP2, compute the sigma invariant of G in dimension 2. Second, if G has type FP4, we show that every quotient G has type FP4 / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutora em Matemática

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis we develop a self-dual categorical approach to some topics in non-abelian algebra, which is based on replacing the framework of a category with that of a category equipped with a functor to it. We also make some first steps towards a possible link between this theory and the theory of databases in computer science. Both of these theories are based around the study of Grothendieck bifibrations and their generalisations. The main results in this thesis concern correspondences between certain structures on a category which are relevant to the study of categories of non-abelian group-like structures, and functors over that category. An investigation of these correspondences leads to a system of dual axioms on a functor, which can be considered as a solution to the proposal of Mac Lane in his 1950 paper "Duality for Groups" that a self-dual setting for formulating and proving results for groups be found. The part of the thesis concerned with the theory of databases is based on a recent approach by Johnson and Rosebrugh to views of databases and the view update problem. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word ’n self-duale kategoriese benadering tot verskeie onderwerpe in nie-abelse algebra ontwikkel, wat gebaseer is op die vervanging van die raamwerk van ’n kategorie met dié van ’n kategorie saam met ’n funktor tot die kategorie. Ons neem ook enkele eerste stappe in die rigting van ’n skakel tussen hierdie teorie and die teorie van databasisse in rekenaarwetenskap. Beide hierdie teorieë is gebaseer op die studie van Grothendieck bifibrasies en hul veralgemenings. Die hoof resultate in hierdie tesis het betrekking tot ooreenkomste tussen sekere strukture op ’n kategorie wat relevant tot die studie van nie-abelse groep-agtige strukture is, en funktore oor daardie kategorie. ’n Verdere ondersoek van hierdie ooreemkomste lei tot ’n sisteem van duale aksiomas op ’n funktor, wat beskou kan word as ’n oplossing tot die voorstel van Mac Lane in sy 1950 artikel “Duality for Groups” dat ’n self-duale konteks gevind word waarin resultate vir groepe geformuleer en bewys kan word. Die deel van hierdie tesis wat met die teorie van databasisse te doen het is gebaseer op ’n onlangse benadering deur Johnson en Rosebrugh tot aansigte van databasisse en die opdatering van hierdie aansigte.

Nesta dissertação estudamos as teorias de gauge acoplada com campos de matéria em variedades bidimensionais. Para isso, descrevemos primeiro um formalismo em duas e três dimensões o qual é baseado na ideia de Kuperberg de definir um invariante topológico em três dimensões usando álgebras de Hopf e diagramas de Heegaard. O uso do formalismo é útil para este trabalho pois é fácil a identificação de limites topológicos sem resolver o modelo. Também escrevemos o modelo de gauge com campos de matéria usando uma fixação de gauge chamada de gauge unitário. Trabalhamos com o grupo abeliano $\\mathbb_$ e explicamos com detalhe o caso $\\mathbb_$. Calculamos as funções de partição e loops de Wilson para este grupo nos diferentes limites topológicos. Mostramos que existem casos nos quais os resultados dependem da triangulação mas de maneira trivial, estes casos foram chamados de quase-topológicos. / In this thesis we study gauge theories coupled with matter fields in two-dimensional manifolds. In order to proceed we first describe a formalism in two and three dimensions which is based on the idea of Kuperberg of defining a topological invariant in three dimensions using Hopf algebras and Heegaard diagrams. The use of this formalism is useful here because it is easy to identify topological limits without solving the model. Furthermore, we write the gauge model with matter fields choosing the unitary gauge. We work with abelians groups Z(n) and explain the Z(2) case in detail. We calculate partition functions and Wilson loops for this group in the different topological limits. We show that, there were cases in which the results depended on the triangulation but in a trivial way, these cases are called quasi-topological.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The concept of module M on a ring A can be seen as a generalization of the concept of vector space V over a field K. In this work, we will present definitions, examples and results about modules, our main objective being to demonstrate the theorem of structures for Abelian groups that tells us that every finitely generated abelian group is the direct sum of cyclic subgroups. / O conceito de módulo M sobre um anel A pode ser visto como uma generalização do conceito de espaço vetorial V sobre um corpo K. Neste trabalho, apresentaremos definições, exemplos e resultados acerca de módulos, sendo o nosso objetivo principal demonstrar o teorema de estruturas para grupos abelianos que nos diz que todo grupo abeliano finitamente gerado é a soma direta de subgrupos cíclicos.