Den här uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur barn och föräldrar med olika hudfärg och varierad etnisk tillhörighet representeras i ett urval av läroböcker. Böckerna behandlar olika aspekter av barns utveckling och ingår som kurslitteratur på utbildningar inom socialt arbete, psykologi och pedagogik i Sverige.Undersökningen är genomförd med hjälp av Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursteori. I analysen undersöker jag vilka budskap om barn och föräldrar som texterna och bilderna förmedlar samt hur dessa budskap förhåller sig till redan existerande diskurser. Förstärker eller utmanar författarna befintliga stereotypa koloniala diskurser? Analysen av materialet visar att författarna medvetet eller omedvetet traderar rasistiska föreställningar om ’den Andre’ och om ’icke vita’ medan ’vita’ får representera det ’normala’ och det normativa. Författarna lägger bland annat ansvaret för ’icke vita’ barn och vuxnas utanförskap på den enskilde individen eftersom författarna inte beaktar strukturella orsaker till att människor blir exkluderade. Analysen visar också att författarna hämtar det som skall exemplifiera ’ickeväst’ från rurala miljöer, ofta från ’stamfolk’, från extremt fattiga slumområden och från andratidsperioder vilket gör jämförelserna ytterst problematiska. Genom detta urvalsförfarande jämförs ofta den mest rurala platsen på exempelvis den afrikanska kontinenten med en urban europeisk miljö, vilket skapar en dikotomi mellan det ’moderna väst’ och det ’omoderna övriga’. Då de undersökta läroböckerna ingår i utbildning för blivande socionomer riskerar författarnas syn på etnicitet och hudfärg att cementera fördomar som försvårar det sociala arbetet, exempelvis mötet med barn och föräldrar med annan bakgrund än ’vit svensk’.Utifrån ett normkritiskt perspektiv är det viktigt att utbildningsinstitutioner uppmärksammar läromedel som saknar ett mångfaldsperspektiv och en bred representation då det kan blinödvändigt att komplettera undervisningen genom att bredda representationen med andra mer inkluderande bilder och beskrivningar. / The aim of this thesis is to investigate how children and parents with different skin color andethnicities are represented in a selection of textbooks. The books deal with various aspects of children's development and are included as course literature in educations in social work, psychology and pedagogy in Sweden. The study is based on a critical discourse theory as described by Norman Fairclough. In the analysis, I investigate how texts and images in the books relate to already existing discourses about race and ethnicity and I further on discuss how such ideas could affect a broader social practice. Do the authors reinforce existing stereotypical images or do they challenge and transcend them? The analysis of the material demonstrate that the authors, consciously or unconsciously, reproduce racist discourses and stereotypical notions about ‘non white’ children and parents. Among other things, the authors place the responsibility for exclusion on the individual, as the authors do not include structural explanations in their answer to why some people are or feel excluded. The authors draw their conclusions about ‘non west’ children and parents belonging to non white groups, on examples collected from rural environments, often from 'tribal peoples' or extremely poor slum areas, and from other time periods. Through this selection procedure, rural places on the African continent, are compared to an urban European environment, which creates a dichotomous image of the world: The 'modern West' and the 'oldfashioned Rest'. As the textbooks examined are included in education for future social workers, the authors' representations of ethnicity and skin color risk reinforcing prejudices that might affect social work in practice. It is important for educational institutions to pay attention to teaching materials that lack a diversity perspective, and it might be necessary to supplement the teaching by broadening the representation with other descriptions and images.

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A partir de six terrains d’étude menés dans plusieurs régions du Sénégal (Petite Côte, Saloum, Saint-Louis, Sénégal oriental et Dakar), cette thèse explore l’articulation différenciée des enjeux de classe et de race dans des contextes de mobilités et de migrations issues d’Europe et d’Amérique du Nord. Les trajectoires, pratiques et modes relationnels enquêtés sont liés au tourisme balnéaire et culturel, à l’entrepreneuriat individuel en situation post-touristique, à des mobilités pour étude, et aux parcours professionnels du volontariat et de l’expatriation. Ces configurations sociales mondialisées, souvent inscrites dans des champs de recherche dissociés, favorisent l’analyse croisée de la construction de deux ethnicités, la blanchité et l’africanité, conçues comme notions emic et etic. Leurs productions socio-identitaires se déploient, se croisent et se répondent, selon des mécanismes récurrents de hiérarchisation de classes et de confrontation raciale à l’échelle des interactions individuelles et des dynamiques collectives. Elles font aussi écho à des logiques de stratification et de sélection sociale, intrinsèques à la société sénégalaise, qui vont au-delà du marqueur chromatique et se combinent à des représentations culturalistes et ethniques. Les échelles socio-historiques, les asymétries de classe transnationales, les identifications religieuses, phénotypiques et genrées, présents dans les contextes de mobilités et migrations étudiés, soulignent la valeur heuristique des catégorisations identitaires de la blanchité dans les processus de classification sociale, racialisée et ethnicisée, au regard des définitions plurielles de l’africanité. Analyser ces mécanismes d’assignation et de distinction dans une société africaine telle que le Sénégal permet également de penser la question postcoloniale au cœur des ambivalences du champ social et invite à interroger la positionnalité des chercheur.e.s dans la pratique ethnographique et la production des savoirs sur l’Afrique. / Based on six fieldworks conducted in several regions of Senegal (Petite Côte, Saloum, Saint-Louis, Oriental Senegal and Dakar), this thesis explores the social mechanisms which articulate class and race issues in different contexts of mobility and migration from Europe and North America. The trajectories, practices and ways of socializing investigated are related to seaside and cultural tourism, individual entrepreneurship in post-tourist contexts, study abroad programs and professional flows of voluntary service and expatriation. These social and globalized settings, often addressed in distinct fields of research, underlie a cross analysis of the constructions of two ethnicity – whiteness and africaness – considered as emic and etic notions. The social identities they produce respond to one another and reveal recurring patterns in social hierarchy and racial confrontation throughout individual interactions and collective dynamics. They also echo logics of social stratification and selection within the Senegalese society, which are combined with culturalist and ethnic representations, beyond color markers. The contexts of mobility and migration investigated are embedded into specific socio-historical backgrounds, transnational asymmetry of class and process of identification based on religion, phenotype and gender. They all reflect the heuristic value of whiteness and its production of identity in social, racialized and ethnicized categorization, regarding multiple meanings of africaness. Analyzing these mechanisms of social distinction in an African society such as Senegal leads to face postcolonial thinking with the ambiguities of social spheres. It also questions the positionality of researchers through ethnography and in the production of knowledge about Africa.

The aim of this study is to examine visibly racialized social workers' experiences of encountering racism at work; with clients, colleagues, and managers. Furthermore, the aim is to examine how racism is responded to and handled by colleagues and managers. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with visibly racialized social workers. The interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis mainly based on the theoretical concepts; everyday racism, color-blind racism, and whiteness. Research findings showed that all interviewees have experienced racism in various forms, both overt and covert, from clients, colleagues, and managers. The experiences of racism varied in both expression and extent. This seemed to be partly due to how the interviewees were racialized by other people, and partly due to the extent of ethnic diversity in the interviewees' workplaces; both concerning the geographical area and the employees. Furthermore, findings showed varying responses to racist incidents from colleagues and managers with either an unfavorable or favorable significance for the interviewees. Greater awareness and knowledge are needed in social work organizations regarding how racism works, its extent, and the impact on visibly racialized people as well as a more active anti-racist approach which also includes covert and subtle expressions of racism.

Au Canada comme ailleurs, les peuples autochtones font preuve d’une grande résilience face à de nombreux problèmes de santé physique et psychosociale. Le traumatisme intergénérationnel issu de la colonisation passée et actuelle est vu comme l’une des explications de ces difficultés, additionné à un manque de services pour répondre aux déterminants du bien-être impliqués. Pour faire face à ces difficultés, des approches communautaires favorisant l’empowerment et l’autogouvernance sont recommandées. Des intervenants non-autochtones sont amenés à soutenir la mobilisation communautaire et leur apport peut être substantiel. Néanmoins, il apparait essentiel de décoloniser les interventions, notamment en procédant à une introspection sur sa propre présence et impact en contexte autochtone. En première partie, une analyse ethnographique sur mon processus comme jeune étudiante-chercheuse sera réalisée et permettra une analyse des sentiments, tensions, questionnements et réflexions qui ont façonné ce mémoire. Ensuite, les résultats d’analyse qualitative phénoménologique de cinq entrevues réalisées auprès d’intervenantes non-Inuit travaillant au Nunavik ou au Nunavut seront présentés. L’analyse de ces verbatim aura permis de faire ressortir des considérations de l’intervenante par rapport à elle-même et par rapport aux communautés, dans une perspective décoloniale. L’analyse qualitative inductive d’un groupe de discussion effectué auprès d’intervenantes Inuit sera ensuite présentée, permettant de valider certaines considérations. Cette étude aura permis d’appuyer l’importance de la connaissance de soi et de la reconnaissance des privilèges invisibles en lien avec l’histoire passée et actuelle de colonisation, de manière à répondre prioritairement aux besoins des communautés à travers l’établissement de relations de confiance significatives et maintenues dans le temps. / Aboriginal peoples are highly resilient to many physical and psychosocial health issues. Intergenerational trauma from past and current colonization is seen as one of the explanations for these difficulties, coupled with a lack of services to address the determinants of well-being involved. To address these challenges, community-based approaches that promote empowerment and self-governance are recommended. Non-Aboriginal stakeholders are involved in supporting community mobilization and their contribution can be substantial. Nevertheless, it seems essential to decolonize interventions, particularly by carrying out an introspection on one's own presence and impact in an indigenous context. In the first part, an ethnographic analysis of my process as a young student-researcher will be carried out and will allow an analysis of the feelings, tensions, questions and reflections that shaped this thesis. Then, the results of phenomenological qualitative analysis of five interviews conducted with non-Inuit stakeholders working in Nunavik or Nunavut will be presented. The analysis of these verbatim will have made it possible to highlight the speaker's considerations in relation to themselves and in relation to the communities, from a decolonial perspective. The inductive qualitative analysis of a focus group conducted with Inuit stakeholders will then be presented, validating some considerations. This study will have supported the importance of self-knowledge and the recognition of invisible privileges of non-aboriginal people in relation to past and current history of colonization, in order to meet the needs of communities as a priority through the establishment of meaningful and lasting trust-based relationships.

The starting point of this study is the common assumption that the Italian society is based on a patriarchal ideological system in which racism is often normalized. The binary distinction between women and men in Italian society has evolved into discussions and awareness raising on genderbased violence or violence against women. As intersectionality has become a central point in Italian contemporary feminism, this study uses the analysis of topics related to the historical creation of the idea of Italian-ness, migration and the influence of right-wing politics in current gender related issues as the basis of a feminist Critical Discourse Analysis. With this in mind, using intersectional theory, postcolonial feminism, and studies of whiteness, the study aims at exploring as to which extent the discourses of three white Italian women, who identify as feminist activists, influence the presence of racialized Italian women in their work. This study should create academic data and contribute to a research that is extremely limited on these topics.

In this thesis, through critically analysing images and text in a selection of Swedish children's picture books, the aim is to investigate how white and non-white bodies are represented, and how racial differences between these white and non-white bodies are depicted and racial meanings addressed. Theoretical concepts from within the field of Critical race- and Whiteness studies are applied, to demonstrate how hegemonic whiteness and colour-blindness as discourse is prevalent in these children´s books, which is achieved by using non-white characters as tokens. Moreover, this study of representation is an illustrative case for how race can function as social construct, and thus should have value as an analytical concept also in IMER-studies performed in the Swedish context. It can additionally lift a discussion about the importance for children at an early age, to develop awareness and understanding of how race can affect individual lives.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze how the film Freedom Writers, released in 2007 anddirected by Richard LaGravenese, reflects on the topic of racism. The analysis is based on twoof the key tenets of Critical Race Theory, “Whiteness as Property” and “Commitment to SocialJustice”, which are used as analytical tools. Furthermore, the analysis also includes RacialIdentity Development Theory, which represents different stages of development as people beginto define themselves in relation to others. This thesis further evaluates pedagogical implicationsin connection to the analysis of Freedom Writers and Critical Race Theory. The results showthat racism is depicted in Freedom Writers through the concept of Whiteness as Property, andthe differences between white characters and characters of color are significant due to theirdifferent views on social justice. In addition, the results show that Freedom Writers may serveas a thought-provoking resource to use in the Swedish EFL classroom to create awareness aboutand discuss the importance of aspects such as racism, empowerment, and social justice in theworld and with regard to the students’ own knowledge.

In teacher education, critical civic education and anti-racist education are often disconnected in practice, despite increasing overlap in theorizing and goals: to resist and dismantle the settler colonial realities of education, to promote working for social justice, and to challenge racist and White supremacist structures. This comparative case study examined how White teacher candidates’ civic, social justice, and anti-racist knowledge development during Bachelor of Education foundations courses affected their pedagogical growth. Through surveys, co- researcher observations, and focus groups conducted at research sites in Saskatchewan and Ontario, the study examined how teacher candidates understood their positionalities within societal structures, and how their understandings of structural injustice affected their pedagogical choices. Building from a postcolonial global citizenship education conceptual framework, the study engaged with Critical Race Theory and Critical Whiteness Studies in order to situate the findings in White settler colonial contexts. Findings indicate that the degree to which teacher candidates were aware of their own positionality influenced their understandings of structural injustice, and their confidence (or not) with anti-racist pedagogy. In the areas of civic engagement, racism, and Whiteness, the re-inscription of individualistic discourses and rejection of structural discourses was pervasive, and teacher candidates resisted self-implication in historical and ongoing settler colonialism and White supremacy. However, access to alternative conceptual frameworks for understanding the social construction of identities and structural determinism were somewhat effective at tackling meritocratic discourses. The study affirms the need for scaffolded anti-racist/anti-oppressive education in teacher education programs and discusses the necessity for teacher candidates to understand their own positionalities in context.

The purpose of this study was to critically explore whiteness and masculinity within the context of public school administration. Using a qualitative research design, this study is broken into two separate articles. The first article is a critical narrative, and deeply examined two White and male public school superintendents’ experiences serving in school districts within California’s Central Valley. Framed within the broad context of critical White theory (CWT), I explored each man’s approach to interpersonal communication while conducting business. Additionally, I applied the urban dictionary’s definition of “Whitesplaining” to consider deeply how each man attempted to control the public narrative being disseminated to his constituency. In the second article, I conducted an autoethnography, and presented my own experiences working as a first-year middle school principal. I too situated my experiences within the broad contexts of White and masculine privilege. This study contends pushes whiteness research forward by using first and second person narration to critique and interrupt White and masculine points of view within the context of public school administration.