The present thesis focuses on semiotic aspects of note-taking in consecutive interpreting, in particular with respect to the process of semiosis and factors influencing the interpreters' conception of their notes. Chapter 1 mentions the basic features of note-taking in order to trace its semiotic characteristics in the following parts of the thesis. In Chapter 2, the notes as a specific semiotic system are briefly discussed within the framework of the second Peircean trichotomy of signs (cases of iconicity, indexicality and symbolicity are demonstrated) and in terms of their function, productivity and spatial settings. After these general considerations, Chapter 3 introduces the main theoretical approaches to the technique of note-taking (principally those of the Geneva and Heidelberg schools) including the issues of the languages involved in interpreting or the nature of signs. As the accent is on the process of semiosis (apprehension of signs by interpreters, generating signs according to the meaning of the speech and searching for the motivation for the interpreters' concrete choices of signs and their form), the chapter lists some basic signs and methods well- tested by practitioners. The signs are also analysed in terms of their origin and possibilities of expansion (composition, derivation...

The present thesis is a descriptive theoretical study which aims at mapping Min'jar- Beloruchev's work in the context of contemporary and modern theories and presenting a comprehensive view of author's note-taking system for consecutive interpreting. The analysis of the system forms the crux of this thesis, which focuses on sources that represent the basis of the system, individual features of the system as well as factors that influenced his decisions while working on the system. Other parts of the thesis focuse on a consecutive interpreting training system, that was developed by the author, and to some extent deal with his views on translatology as a science and the interpreting process itself.

Student Number: 9109265Y A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Psychology) / The Academic Proficiency Assessment battery evaluates language and study skills. This study focused on the internal consistency reliability and predictive validity of this battery for Information Technology students. In terms of reliability, the Time management, Note-taking skills, and Debilitating stress scale on the achievement anxiety questionnaire were found to be internally consistent. However, the items in the English proficiency, Reading comprehension, Memorisation skills, concentration skills and motivating stress scale on the achievement anxiety questionnaire require modification or replacement. Intercorrelations across questionnaires necessitate further streamlining. In terms of predictive validity, a significant negative relationship was found between Note-taking Skills and academic performance (R2 adj = 8,3%). Matric results remain the best predictor accounting for 11% of the variance in CGPA. Cumulatively, Matric results and Note-taking skills accounted for 13,34% of the variance. None of the biographical variables significantly predicted CGPA. Despite the apparent lack of relationship between individual predictors and the criterion, a discriminant function analysis indicated that all the academic proficiencies, with the exception of English proficiency, correctly predicted pass or failure in 72% of the cases. The lack of relationship between English proficiency and pass/failure can be accounted for in terms of the type of courses studied as part of an Information Technology programme.Overall, the results would suggest that Matric results remain the best predictor of academic performance in Information Technology courses, but at a very low level. Given the lack of reliability in the majority of the subtests of the Academic Proficiency Battery, the use of the APA battery for selection for remedial intervention for Information Technology students is not yet justified.

High school biology classes traditionally follow a lecture format to disseminate content and new terminology. With the inclusive practices of No Child Left Behind, the Common Core State Standards, and end-of-course exam requirement for high school diplomas, classes include a large range of achievement levels and abilities. Teachers assume, often incorrectly, that students come to class prepared to listen and take notes. In a standard diploma, high school biology class in a separate school for students with emotional and behavioral disorders, five students participated in a single-subject, alternating treatment design study that compared the use of regular pens and digital pens to take notes during 21 lecture sessions. Behavior measures were threefold between the two interventions: (a) quantity of notes taken per minute during lectures, (b) quantity of notes or notations taken during review pauses, and (c) percent of correct responses on the daily comprehension quizzes. ... However, the differences were minor, and recommendations are made for specific training in note-taking, the pause strategy, and digital pen fluency which may produce different results for both note-taking and quiz scores. / by Carlotta A. Rody. / Vita. / Thesis (Ed.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Objectives: To assess student perceptions of a student-initiated note-taking service (NTS) upon implementation of a NTS in the first professional year of the Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum in a college of pharmacy. Method: A survey instrument assessing perceptions of a NTS was developed and administered to first professional year students (N = 75, 92.6% response rate) prior to the conclusion of the first semester in which the student-initiated service was implemented. Topics addressed in the survey instrument included: service quality, perceived impact on course attendance, grades and student-faculty interaction, willingness to pay for services, and percent of time devoted to study materials, including NTS notes. Non-parametric tests were employed to examine student perceptions across demographic characteristics. Results: 41% of respondents indicated they use the NTS. Approximately 38% of respondents perceived the NTS would increase learning and positively influence grades. Overall, the students were divided in their perceptions with large percentages agreeing and disagreeing with a majority of instrument items. Males were more likely to use the service in P2 and P3 years (p = 0.002), more willing to pay for the service (p = 0.013), and less likely to take their own notes (p = 0.002). Students who used the service estimated lower semester GPAs than those who did not (p = 0.025). Implications: This exploratory study indicated significant variation in student perceptions regarding the NTS. Future research is warranted to better understand both positive and negative aspects of service implementation, particularly as they relate to student learning.

Datorer och mobiltelefonerna är idag allestädes närvarande i skolan och elever, lärare eller skolledning funderar sällan på hur detta påverkar lärandet. Den större delen av den tidigare forskningen visar att med ökad mobiltelefonanvändning kommer försämrade skolresultat. Kemididaktiken innebär ofta att hjärnans spatiala och mer visuella förmågor behövs i kemin och där är den handskrivna anteckningen bättre än anteckningen på tangentbord. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka om frånvaro av dator och mobiltelefon, kan förbättra elevers lärande i kemi, mätt i deras förmåga att prestera på kemiprov. Dessa elevers resultat på kemiproven jämfördes med en kontrollgrupp som hade med sig datorer och mobiltelefonen i klassrummet. Jag valde positivismen kvantitativa ansats tillsammans med Karl Poppers kritiska rationalismen till den vetenskapsteori ur vilket perspektiv jag analyserade undersökningens resultat. Metoden som användes var kvantitativ analys där de två olika gruppernas provresultat på 4 olika kemiprov jämfördes statistiskt med ett Students t-test. Resultat: Students t-test visade att där inte fanns någon skillnad mellan grupperna; t(120) = 1,98, p = 0,19. En subgruppsanalys gjordes på gruppen med svagare elever, alltså elever som före undersökningen presterat sämre i kemi och Students t-test visade att inte heller här fanns någon skillnad mellan grupperna; t(56) = 2,00, p = 0,11. Medelpoängen för hela gruppen med datorer och mobiltelefoner blev 12,4 poäng och de utan 14,4 poäng. Medelpoängen för subgruppen med de svaga eleverna, blev för gruppen med datorer och mobiltelefoner 7,2 poäng och gruppen utan 9,8 poäng. Slutsatsen blev att mobiltelefonen är en för gymnasieeleven essentiell del av livet och mobiltelefonen bär eleven alltid med sig, ibland även om man vill hjälpa sin kemilärare att ta examen och bli en legitimerad lärare genom att deltaga i hans undersökning.

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Increasing involvement with students at the University of Namibia has indicated their overall difficulty with comprehending and recalling information from oral content lectures. It has also been observed that in general very little attention is given to the development of listening skills in L2 ESP and EAP courses. For this study, I conducted a quasi-experiment to determine whether the recognition and interpretation of discourse markers will enhance students' listening comprehension in academic lectures. Students were tested to determine their comprehension of content information in a video-taped lecture. Qualitative data were collected by means of a questionnaire. After an intervention period of eight weeks, where the experimental group received strategy training in the recognition and interpretation of discourse markers in spoken texts, both groups were again tested. Their results were statistically compared. I also looked at related findings of other researchers. Finally, aspects for possible future research will also be considered. / English Studies / MA - (Specialisation in TESOL)

Cette thèse fait état d’une recherche-action menée entre 2014 et 2018 à l’Institut d’Étude Politiques de Lyon (IEP), autour de l’analyse des difficultés rencontrées par les étudiants internationaux dans l’activité de prise de notes en cours magistral.A partir des besoins constatés sur le terrain, nous avons implémenté un dispositif collaboratif de prise de notes, baptisé Unipad, au sein des amphithéâtres de l’IEP. Unipad est basé sur un modèle de collaboration reliant des étudiants allophones et francophones autour de l’usage synchrone d’un pad (éditeur de texte partagé). Il vise à repenser les pratiques individuelles deprise de notes et la manière d’accompagner les étudiants allophones en cursus disciplinaire. Notre enquête met en regard la situation précédent Unipad (phase 1) et celle lui succédant (phase 2). Les résultats font état des potentialités du dispositif au regard des difficultés de départ, d’un point de vue académique (richesse et qualité des PDN grâce à une dynamique coopérative et des stratégies de réception différenciées) et socioaffectif (entraide, reconnaissance, empathie et émergence d’un sentiment de communauté). La mise en œuvre de cet accompagnement technopédagogique au cœur des cours magistraux vise à répondre à des besoins encore difficilement pris en charge par la didactique du Français Langue Étrangère, et à contribuer aux réflexions menées dans le champ Français sur Objectif Universitaire autour de l’accompagnement et l’intégration des étudiants internationaux de l’enseignement supérieur francophone. / This thesis details a research project conducted between 2014 and 2018 at the Institut d’Études Politiques de Lyon (IEP), concerning the analysis of note taking difficulties encountered by international students during lectures. From requirements observed in the field, we implemented the use of a collaborative note-taking device, called a Unipad, within IEP classrooms. Based on a cooperative model connecting international and francophone students around the synchronous use of a pad (with shared text editor), this device aims to rethink individual note-taking practices and the means by which international students follow their course of study. Our research compares the situation before (Phase 1) and after (Phase 2) use of the Unipad. The results show the potential of the system with regards to initial difficulties, an academic point of view (wealth and quality of notes owing to a cooperative dynamic, differentiated reception strategies) and from a socio-emotional perspective (mutualaid, recognition, empathy and the emergence of a sense of community).The implementation of this tech teaching aid in lectures aims to meet needs which are still misunderstood within the French as a Foreign Language sector of education, and contribute to the observations made in the French for Academic Pursposes field, concerning the accompaniment and integration of international students in French higher education.

Esta tesis tiene como finalidad entender cómo determinados instrumentos y procedimientos de aprendizaje, que implican el uso de la lectura y la escritura, son usados como herramientas de aprendizaje en los contextos educativos formales. Concretamente, nos centramos en el estudio de la toma de apuntes, dado que se trata de uno de los instrumentos y procedimientos de aprendizaje más frecuentemente utilizado por los estudiantes en educación superior. Se analizan algunos de los elementos que configuran el uso de este instrumento y procedimiento de aprendizaje y se identifican las posibles relaciones entre determinadas variables implicadas en las condiciones de dicho uso como, por ejemplo, la representación de los estudiantes, el enfoque de aprendizaje, los procesos de anotación que realizan, los usos que hacen de dichas anotaciones y los resultados de aprendizaje que obtienen al abordar una tarea académica concreta. El abordaje metodológico adoptado es de carácter naturalista, observacional, descriptivo y contextual. El análisis detallado tanto de las representaciones que manejan los estudiantes como de los procedimientos de anotación y uso efectivo que llevan a cabo con sus anotaciones en el momento de realizar una tarea académica concreta, junto con el análisis del contexto de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el que se enmarcan dichos aspectos, constituyen la base empírica de nuestro trabajo. Los resultados obtenidos permiten observar algunas tendencias respecto de las relaciones entre el enfoque de aprendizaje de los estudiantes y los procedimientos de anotación y uso de los apuntes que realizan. Concretamente, se observa que en general los estudiantes con enfoque profundo anotan la información preferentemente de forma incompleta, literal y fundamentalmente a partir de la información visual presentada por el docente, mientras que sus compañeros con enfoque superficial utilizan diferentes procedimientos de anotación. Asimismo, los estudiantes con enfoque profundo tienden a parafrasear, en mayor medida que sus compañeros con enfoque superficial, la información contenida en sus apuntes antes de incorporarla en el producto escrito que deben realizar en la situación analizada, y a realizar acciones vinculadas con el control de conformidad, es decir, se aseguran de que el contenido de sus apuntes es coherente con el producto elaborado. Finalmente, se pone de manifiesto que algunos estudiantes, bajo determinadas condiciones y según las características del contexto de enseñanza y aprendizaje, modifican su enfoque de aprendizaje y adoptan conductas más propias de un enfoque diferente al identificado inicialmente. / This thesis sets out to understand how certain learning instruments and procedures involving the use of reading and writing are employed as learning tools in formal educational contexts. In particular, it focuses on the study of note-taking, as this is one of the learning instruments and procedures most frequently used by students in higher education. It examines some of the elements shaping the use of this learning instrument and procedure and identifies the possible relations between certain variables of the conditions under which it is used, such as the students’ representation, learning approach and note-taking processes, the uses the students make of their notes and the learning outcome they achieve in performing a particular academic task. The theoretical approach adopted is naturalistic, observational, descriptive and contextual. The empirical basis for the work is provided by a detailed analysis of the representations held and the note-taking procedures employed by the students, and the actual use they make of their note-taking in carrying out a specific academic task, together with an examination of the teaching and learning context in which all this occurs. The results obtained revealed certain trends regarding the relationship between the students’ learning approach, their note-taking procedures and the use they made of their notes. In particular, it was found that, in general, students with a deep approach tended to note the information literally but incompletely, mostly on the basis of the visual information presented by the teacher, whereas students with a superficial approach employed different note-taking procedures. In addition, students with a deep approach tended to paraphrase the information in their notes before including it in the written product required of them in the situation under study to a greater extent than those with a superficial approach, and performed compliance-checks to ensure that their written products were consistent with the contents of their notes. Lastly, it was found that certain students, in certain conditions depending on the characteristics of the teaching and learning context, modified their learning approach and engaged in behaviours more in keeping with a different approach from the one initially identified.