La responsabilité de l'État du fait des lois déclarées contraires à la Constitution, parmi les derniers îlots d'irresponsabilité de la puissance, est en passe d'être consacrée en droit français. Le développement d'un régime constitutionnaliste d'expression de la volonté générale, parachevée par l'entrée en vigueur de la question prioritaire constitutionnalité, a conduit le tribunal administratif de Paris à reconnaître une voie de droit permettant l'indemnisation des préjudices consécutifs à l'application d'une loi inconstitutionnelle. En effet, en vertu du principe constitutionnel de responsabilité, que le Conseil constitutionnel a dégagé de l'article 4 de la Déclaration de 1789, l'État a l'obligation de répondre des fautes causées par son organe législatif. Si la faute n'a pas été retenue à propos de la responsabilité de l’État du fait des lois méconnaissant les engagements internationaux de la France, elle devrait l'être concernant les lois inconstitutionnelles. Le principe constitutionnel de responsabilité, en tant que fondement juridique, constitue une habilitation autorisant le juge administratif à qualifier les inconstitutionnalités prononcées par le Conseil constitutionnel de faute de nature à engager la responsabilité de l'État. Par suite, faire entrer la responsabilité de l'État-législateur dans le droit commun de la responsabilité de la puissance publique parachève sa soumission à l'État de droit. La loi n'est plus cet acte incontestable et incontesté. Dorénavant, toute irrégularité d'une disposition législative peut être à l'origine de l'engagement de la responsabilité de l'État. / The responsibility of the State for unconstitutional statutes, which is among the last islets of sovereign immunity, is about to be enshrined in French law. The flourishing of a constitutional mode of parliamentary sovereignty as expression of the general will, completed by the entry into force of an original form of indirect concrete review of parliamentary legislation -the so-called "priority preliminary ruling on the issue of constitutionality" (Question prioritaire de constitutionnalité) -, led the Paris Administrative tribunal to recognize a legal remedy allowing the compensation for damages resulting from the application of an unconstitutional statute. Indeed, by virtue of the constitutional principle of responsibility, which the Constitutional Council has derived from article 4 of the Declaration of 1789, the State is held accountable for the unlawful acts committed by its legislative body. In this kind of situation, if an act cannot be considered "unlawful" on the basis of the State's responsibility because of laws that disregard France's international commitments, it can always be so on the basis of the responsibility of the State for unconstitutional statutes. The constitutional principle of responsibility, as a legal basis, constitutes a norm that confer power to the administrative judge to qualify the unconstitutionalities pronounced by the Constitutional Council as a fault of a nature to engage the responsibility of the State. The parliamentary legislation is no longer this indisputable and uncontested act. From now on, any irregularity in a legislative provision can justify engaging the responsibility of the State.

The topic of the master thesis is the role of insolvency administrator in bankruptcy and dischargeofdebts. The thesis defines the role of an insolvency administrator in an entire process of aninsolvency proceeding, from administrator nomination to the end of the procedure. The first part of thesis describes the historical development of the legislation of insol-vency proceeding and its characteristic. The second part of the thesis is focused on the figure of the insolvency administrator and administrator and his nomination together with the conditions, how to get the authorization to exercise this function. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the comparison of the legislation ofinsol-vency proceeding before the amendment of the Act about insolvency from 1. 1. 2014 and the recent way of proceeding. In this comparison I am focusing on analysis of terri-torial action of individual insolvency administrators. All the information I have found, I use in practice thanks to the company Alva s.r.o., which provided me all the documen-tation needed to find out, if all the insolvency administrators work in the same way or not, and if they work as they should. In the conclusion of my thesis there is a summary of all the facts I have found out.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-17T12:33:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauricio Santana.pdf: 708558 bytes, checksum: a2c43e200f2077def72b2140478143f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T18:13:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauricio Santana.pdf: 708558 bytes, checksum: a2c43e200f2077def72b2140478143f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T18:13:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauricio Santana.pdf: 708558 bytes, checksum: a2c43e200f2077def72b2140478143f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A pesquisa ora apresentada levanta questões acerca das normas de textura aberta e sua interpretação, tomando como base de estudos o campo do adimplemento no direito obrigacional conforme regulamentado no Código Civil brasileiro de 2002. Para tanto, parte de análises conceituais e classificatórias, distinguindo conceitos indeterminados, cláusulas gerais e princípios. Em seguida, realiza-se abordagem doutrinária acerca do adimplemento no direito das obrigações, com o fim de formar uma base conceitual e valorativa para a análise dos conceitos indeterminados inseridos neste campo. Aborda então questões interpretativas relativas notadamente às normas de textura aberta, tratando da possibilidade ou impossibilidade de discricionariedade nas decisões judiciais como vinculada à concepção de direito adotada. Por fim, partindo das respostas anteriormente obtidas, oferece interpretações das normas de textura aberta presentes no texto legal que versa sobre o adimplemento das obrigações no Código Civil brasileiro de 2002. / Salvador

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-22T11:45:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrina Berardocco.pdf: 1227928 bytes, checksum: abf5ae73bd896cc998867994d57eb317 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-22T11:45:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrina Berardocco.pdf: 1227928 bytes, checksum: abf5ae73bd896cc998867994d57eb317 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-25 / The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze paragraph 1 of article 908 of the Civil Procedure Code (CPC / 15) that does not find a corresponding article in the Civil Procedure Code revoked (CPC / 73), from the point of view of the creditor- executive without a competitive creditor. The legal nature of the acquisition (award procedure) will be analyzed in comparison with the prevailing tax law that asserts the way of original acquisition, when in our research, we realized that it was a derivative form of acquisition. Subrogation in the process, now introduced by the article under study, originates in the sole paragraph of article 130 of the CTN, which deals exclusively with the auctioning, relegating to the field of tax liability other forms of acquisition, according to the caput of the mentioned article. Thus, in our sense, the CPC could not introduce the rule of subrogation on tax credits (IPTU), because it affects the complementary law (CTN), so that we proposed a new reading of paragraph 1 of art. 908 of the CPC, expurgating of its content the tributary debts. The credits that may be subject to the subrogation referred to in §1 of article 908 of the CPC are those established at the time of the award, including those of a propter nature, thus taking into account condominium credits and arising from environmental obligations / O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar o § 1º do artigo 908 do Código de Processo Civil (CPC/15), que não encontra artigo correspondente no Código de Processo Civil revogado (CPC/73), sob o ponto de vista do credor-adjudicatário em tutela executiva sem credor concorrencial. A natureza jurídica da aquisição (adjudicação) será analisada em confronto com a jurisprudência tributária dominante, que assevera ser modo de aquisição originária, quando em nossas pesquisas chegamos à conclusão ser ela uma forma derivada de aquisição. A sub-rogação no processo, ora introduzida pelo artigo em estudo, tem como origem o parágrafo único do artigo 130 do CTN, que trata exclusivamente da arrematação, relegando ao campo da responsabilidade tributária outras formas de aquisição, conforme caput do artigo mencionado. Desse modo, em nosso sentido, não poderia o CPC introduzir a regra da sub-rogação sobre os créditos propter rem tributários (IPTU), por estar afeta à lei complementar (CTN), de tal sorte que propusemos uma nova leitura do § 1º do art. 908 do CPC, expurgando-se de seu conteúdo os débitos tributários. Os créditos que poderão ser objeto da sub-rogação de que trata o § 1º do artigo 908 do CPC são aqueles constituídos à época da adjudicação, incluindo os de natureza propter rem, assim considerados os créditos condominiais e decorrentes de obrigações ambientais

Derrière la grande diversité de ses manifestions, l'entretien des personnes et des biens se révèle être une catégorie juridique originale. Cette notion, en effet, est irréductible à aucune autre, non seulement parce qu'elle obéit à des critères qui lui sont propres, mais aussi parce qu'elle se trouve assortie d'un régime qui lui est spécifique. L'originalité de l'entretien des personnes et des biens procède tout d'abord de son unité notionnelle, découverte par la recherche de sa définition. Qu'il soit accompli à l'égard d'une personne ou d'un bien, l'acte d'entretien a toujours la même cause: le dépérissement de la personne ou du bien. De plus, pour pouvoir être qualifié d'entretien, un acte doit réunir deux critères. Il doit assurer le maintien d'une existence normale et le maintien d'une existence durable.• Ces critères de qualification établissent une frontière assez nette entre l'entretien et les notions qui lui sont voisines, à savoir celles de fournitures d'aliments et de conservation ainsi que celles relatives à la gestion d'un patrimoine et celles de garde et de surveillance. Toutefois, l'originalité de l'entretien des personnes et des biens n'est pas uniquement notionnelle. Suite à la découverte de l'unité de la notion, on pouvait s'attendre à ce que lui réponde une unité de régime. Tel n'est pourtant pas Je cas. Bien qu'étant une notion parfaitement unitaire, l'entretien se singularise en outre par la dualité de son régime qui n'est en rien incompatible avec l'unité de la notion puisque c'est la consistance de cette dernière qui fait que l'acte d'entretien est facultatif ou obligatoire. / No English summary available.

Orientador: Artur Marques da Silva Filho / Banca: Euclides Celso Berardo / Banca: Luiz Antonio Soares Hentz / Resumo: Os direitos personalíssimos, o direito de família e a responsabilidade civil, entrelaçados, proporcionam instrumentos hábeis à proteção e tutela da dignidade da pessoa enquanto sujeito de direitos e obrigações. Erigidos a princípio constitucional, em cláusula pétrea, e tutelados pela legislação ordinária, os direitos personalíssimos exprimem valores inerentes e fundamentais da pessoa enquanto ser provido de dignidade que augura, desde a concepção, prévia, pronta, efetiva e integral proteção de seus elementares direitos por parte do ordenamento jurídico. Isso porque os direitos personalíssimos, na verdade, constituem-se no princípio, meio e fim da pessoa. É, outrossim, no seio familiar, fruto do casamento, união estável ou relacionamento eventual, que os direitos personalíssimos brotam e encontram solo profícuo para desenvolvimento. O poder familiar, em processo de evolução que transcende os limites históricos, extrapolando o âmbito do direito de família, diversamente do que ocorria outrora, modernamente, mais que direito, constitui-se em fonte de obrigações para, primeiro, tornar-se esteio norteador do aprimoramento da pessoa na busca da plenitude de seus direitos personalíssimos; segundo, gerar responsabilidade civil para aqueles que concebem e exercem-no, tanto no que tange aos diretamente ligados entre si, pelos vínculos familiares, quanto os decorrentes de relações estabelecidas junto a terceiros. Destinado a obstar perdas indevidas, no que tange aos bens, de qualquer espécie, amealhados em razão de lídimo esforço, e prestando-se como corretivo para ressarcimentos materiais e morais, decorrentes de atos ilícitos, tanto na tutela dos direitos personalíssimos quanto nas lesões de direito de família, a responsabilidade civil presta-se, precipuamente, como instrumento de pacificação social, para, na via jurisdicional... (resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The inalienable rights and those concerned to the family and civil responsibility make an interwoven tissue that provides the legally qualified tools to the protection and tutorship of the person dignity as an individual with rights and duties. Upraised to a constitutional principle, understood as a fundamental clause, and tutorized by the ordinary legislation, the inalienable rights express the person's inherent values as a being provided with dignity that, since the conception, augurs previous, ready, effective and integral protection to his fundamental rights by the juridical ordainment. This is so because the inalienable rights actually consist in the whole purpose of the person. Likewise it is within one's family, resulting from a marriage, stable union or occasional relationship, that the inalienable rights originate and find advantageous ground for development. The family power, in an evolutionary process that transcends the historical limits and extrapolates the ambit of the family's rights, unlikely what formerly occurred, nowadays more than a right constitutes the source of obligations, first, to become the lead support of a person's refinement in the search of the plenitude of his inalienable rights; second, to generate civil responsibility to those who conceive and practise it, both considering these rights directly connected by the family's entailment and the ones resulting from stablished relationship with third parts. Meant for thwarting undue losses concerning to any properties saved because of legitimate endeavor and being useful as an amendatory compensation for material and moral losses caused by illicit acts both in the tutorship of inalienable rights and injuries to the rights of the family, civil responsibility is useful chiefly as an instrument of social agreement to judicially avoid illicit enrichment... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des schémas de pondérations alternatives visant à prendre en compte le risque dans la construction d’indices obligataires. Nous partons du constat suivant : les indices obligataires qui existent sur le marché sont pondérés en fonction de la capitalisation des émetteurs. L’implication n’est pas négligeable, dans la mesure où utiliser cette approche implique de sur-pondérer les entités les plus endettées. Sur cette base, nous proposons dans le premier chapitre de pondérer les entreprises au sein de l’indice en fonction de leur solvabilité. Dans le deuxième chapitre, toujours sur l’univers des obligations d’entreprises, nous appliquons le principe du risque en parité. Plus précisément, les secteurs sont pondérés de façon inversement proportionnelle à une mesure du risque de crédit innovante : la Duration Times Spread. Enfin, le dernier chapitre s’intéresse à l’application de cette même technique du risque en parité, mais cette fois-ci à l’univers des obligations souveraines. Nous nous engageons dans la modélisation d’une structure de taux à terme, permettant de mesurer le risque de taux d’intérêt dans un contexte global. Plus généralement, nous démontrons que ces pondérations alternatives, qui intègrent une notion de risque (crédit ou taux) et s’éloignent ainsi du pur aspect “niveau d’endettement”, fournissent une nouvelle grille de lecture pour la compréhension de la dynamique des marchés obligataires ainsi que des améliorations significatives dans le profil rendement-risque. / In this thesis, we are keen to explore alternative weighting schemes that account for risk in the fixed-income indexing market. We start with the following observation: bond indexes that exist on the market are generally cap-weighted. The implication is not trivial: when holding such index, an investor is exposed to the most indebted issuers. From that standpoint, in the first chapter we make the proposal to consider an issuer’s creditworthiness as a weighting metric. Then in the second chapter, still working on the corporate bond market, we decide to turn to risk-parity indexing. More precisely, sectors are weighted inversely proportional to an innovative credit risk measure. Finally, the third chapter is devoted to the transposition of such risk-based philosophy to the sovereign bond universe. Particularly, we examine term structure modeling to appraise interest rate risk in a global framework. On a more general note, we show that these alternative indexing schemes - that do not emanate from pure indebtedness, but that are rather based on more sensible definitions of risk (credit or interest rate) provide a new reading grid for understanding bond market’s dynamics as well as appealing improvements in the indexes’ risk-return profile.

O objeto da dissertação é o estudo de uma classificação das obrigações entre aquelas de meios e as de resultado, as primeiras obrigando o devedor a uma prestação de diligência, as segundas, à realização de uma vantagem para o credor, sem o que não haveria o devedor de exonerar-se. Um estudo histórico abre o trabalho, pesquisando os antecedentes remotos da distinção, até a sua consagração, no Traité de René Demogue, o que tornou famosa a distinção que passou a gerar profundas discussões doutrinárias na França e no resto do mundo. São também tratados os antecedentes mais recentes, o contexto histórico do surgimento da classificação e sua evolução sucessiva, tanto na França quanto em outros países, para, enumeradas algumas das muitas dificuldades envolvidas no estudo do tema, ainda hoje severamente combatido, pesquisar-se, do ponto de vista da estrutura do vínculo obrigacional, como esta classificação se relaciona com a prestação devida. Assim, acredita-se, seria possível dizer se, uma vez que todo vínculo obrigacional surge tendo em vista um resultado, a prestação obrigacional admite uma distinção entre aquelas que implicam uma atividade do devedor limitada por sua diligência (obrigação de meios) e aquelas que somente conduzem a obrigação a seu termo mediante cumprimento uma vez realizado um resultado, ou seja, desde que produzido um benefício específico para o credor (obrigações de resultado). / The purpose of the dissertation is to study the classification of obligations in the ones so called best efforts duty and those referred to as duty to achieve a result, the first imposing to the debtor the duty to act diligently, the second attain a certain benefit to the creditor, without which the debtor would never be exonerated. A historical study initiates the dissertation with the research of the remote antecedents of such classification until its public recognition through the Traité written by René Demogue, which brought it great fame and created deep debates both in France and throughout the world. The recent antecedents of the classification are also pointed out, the historical context of its emergence and successive evolution in France and in other countries, to, after listing some of the many difficulties involved in the study of such subject, strongly criticized even nowadays, research through the scope of the legal relationship how the classification would relate with the duties imposed to the debtor. In doing so, it is believed to be possible to say, since every legal duty emerges to accomplish a certain objective, if would be possible to admit a distinction between duties that imply a conduct limited by diligence (best efforts duty) and those that would only be extinguished by the fulfillment of its purpose, in other words, since a specific result is produce and delivered to the creditor (duty to achieve a result).

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar o instituto da obrigação propter rem à luz do direito positivo brasileiro. Com isso, pretende-se fornecer uma descrição dogmaticamente coerente do instituto. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram analisadas categorias jurídicas que, em sede de obrigação propter rem, são controvertidas, entre as quais, destacam-se a renúncia e o abandono liberatório / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the institute of the propter rem obligation through the light of the Brazilian positive Law. With that, it intends to provide a dogmatically consistent description of the institute. To achieve this goal, there were analyzed legal categories that, in place of propter rem obligation, are issued; including, the waiver and the discharging relinquishment that are stood out.

L'enfant est un être en développement. C'est une personne vulnérable à cause de son état physiologique, mental et social. Sa protection est nécessaire afin qu'il puisse grandir et atteindre son potentiel. Bien que tous les enfants aient les mêmes droits, partout dans le monde nombreux souffrent encore de privations et de violences. Cet état de fait met en péril leur avenir et celui de toute la société. Car, seul l'être auquel a été donnée l'opportunité d'évoluer en fonction de ses capacités inhérentes, contribuera à l'avancement social et économique de sa Nation mais également de la communauté mondiale. Ainsi, les droits des enfants représentent une responsabilité pour tous. Tout Etat doit respecter et faire respecter la Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant. La famille élargie est responsable pour le bien-être de l'enfant dans son entourage immédiat. Car, il y a une relation directe entre les droits de l'enfant et les devoirs envers lui. Cependant, la réalité des enfants ne correspond pas au cadre normatif. Force est de constater que la Loi ne suffit pas pour traduire cette norme commune en résultats tangibles. Aussi un dispositif additionnel, complémentaire au droit, doit-il exister pour protéger l'être vulnérable, et assurer la cohésion de la société qui l'entoure. La Responsabilité sociale des entreprises et la philanthropie représentent les premières manifestations du principe que chacun est responsable de chacun. De nouveaux outils comme l'Internet, ainsi que les théories traditionnelles comme celle du bien public, doivent être mis à profit afin d'améliorer la protection de l'enfant, au bénéfice de tous. / A child is a being in development. S/he is a vulnerable person because of his/her physiological, mental and social status. Her/his protection and participation are required so s/he can grow and reach her/his potential. Every child has the same rights throughout the world, yet many suffer from deprivation and violence. This situation jeopardizes their future and that of the whole society. Because only the being who has been given the opportunity to evolve according to her/his inherent capacities will contribute to the progress of her Nation, which forms part of the international community's headway. Children's rights are everyone's responsibility. The State must respect and ensure respect of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, key treaty in this domain. The extended family is responsible for the well-being of the child in her immediate environment. Beyond this external stakeholders are involved. They shouldn't seek to replace but to enhance the capacity of family, community and State in protecting the child. There is a direct relationship between the right of the child and the duty towards the child, with the requirement to ensure results, as a consequence of the inherent logic of children's rights. Yet reality does not match the normative framework. While responsibility for others is recognized as an imperative of action from an ethical, religious and legal point of view, children suffer and die. Since laws alone are not enough to translate this universal norm into results, an additional device, complementary to the legal framework, must exist to protect the vulnerable being, and to ensure cohesion of the society that surrounds her.