Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina Rossi Barreto.pdf: 452321 bytes, checksum: 5571ae7b4969e1b64394787e43f807f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-29 / This paper has the intention of presenting the accessory obligations provisioned by the social security legislation; to establish their purpose, justify their concepts, and to demonstrate their importance within the scope of the Brazilian social security. It also intends to demonstrate that, with the Federal Constitution of 1988 abandoning the adoption of the concept of a Constitution directed to the state adopting a Constitution directed to Society and here, specifically regarding accessory obligations, there was the emergence of multiple effects, among them the requirement that these meet their finality content, which is, the interest of the tax collection or of the inspecting authorities .Regarding their concept and delimitation, it can be seen that there are conflicts in the doctrine on nomenclature, so that the values and principles brought by the Federal Constitution of 1988, which in their force, allow imparting effectiveness to the compliance and development of the social protection programs. For this, seeking to improve the reader s understanding within this universe, first there is a study of the financing of the Brazilian Social Security, the concept and the features of the social contributions directed to it, as well as the composition of its legal relation / O presente trabalho tem o intuito de apresentar as obrigações acessórias previstas na legislação previdenciária; estabelecer sua finalidade, justificar seu conceito, e demonstrar sua importância no âmbito da Previdência Social Brasileira. Pretende ademais demonstrar que com Constituição Federal de 1988 - em que se abandonou uma concepção de Constituição voltada para o Estado e passou-se a adotar uma Constituição dirigida para a Sociedade e aqui, especificamente no que atine às obrigações acessórias, deu-se margem ao nascimento de múltiplos efeitos, dentre eles a exigência de estas atendam ao seu conteúdo finalístico, qual seja, o interesse da arrecadação ou da fiscalização .Quanto ao seu conceito e delimitação, verifica-se a existência de conflitos na doutrina acerca de sua nomenclatura, modo de os valores e princípios trazidos pela Constituição Federal de 1988, que em sua aplicação possibilitam dar efetividade ao cumprimento e desenvolvimento dos programas de proteção social. Para tanto, buscando melhor situar o leitor dentro deste universo, primeiramente encontra-se o estudo do financiamento da Seguridade Social Brasileira, o conceito e características das contribuições sociais à ele destinada, bem como a composição de sua relação jurídica

O objeto da dissertação é o estudo de uma classificação das obrigações entre aquelas de meios e as de resultado, as primeiras obrigando o devedor a uma prestação de diligência, as segundas, à realização de uma vantagem para o credor, sem o que não haveria o devedor de exonerar-se. Um estudo histórico abre o trabalho, pesquisando os antecedentes remotos da distinção, até a sua consagração, no Traité de René Demogue, o que tornou famosa a distinção que passou a gerar profundas discussões doutrinárias na França e no resto do mundo. São também tratados os antecedentes mais recentes, o contexto histórico do surgimento da classificação e sua evolução sucessiva, tanto na França quanto em outros países, para, enumeradas algumas das muitas dificuldades envolvidas no estudo do tema, ainda hoje severamente combatido, pesquisar-se, do ponto de vista da estrutura do vínculo obrigacional, como esta classificação se relaciona com a prestação devida. Assim, acredita-se, seria possível dizer se, uma vez que todo vínculo obrigacional surge tendo em vista um resultado, a prestação obrigacional admite uma distinção entre aquelas que implicam uma atividade do devedor limitada por sua diligência (obrigação de meios) e aquelas que somente conduzem a obrigação a seu termo mediante cumprimento uma vez realizado um resultado, ou seja, desde que produzido um benefício específico para o credor (obrigações de resultado). / The purpose of the dissertation is to study the classification of obligations in the ones so called best efforts duty and those referred to as duty to achieve a result, the first imposing to the debtor the duty to act diligently, the second attain a certain benefit to the creditor, without which the debtor would never be exonerated. A historical study initiates the dissertation with the research of the remote antecedents of such classification until its public recognition through the Traité written by René Demogue, which brought it great fame and created deep debates both in France and throughout the world. The recent antecedents of the classification are also pointed out, the historical context of its emergence and successive evolution in France and in other countries, to, after listing some of the many difficulties involved in the study of such subject, strongly criticized even nowadays, research through the scope of the legal relationship how the classification would relate with the duties imposed to the debtor. In doing so, it is believed to be possible to say, since every legal duty emerges to accomplish a certain objective, if would be possible to admit a distinction between duties that imply a conduct limited by diligence (best efforts duty) and those that would only be extinguished by the fulfillment of its purpose, in other words, since a specific result is produce and delivered to the creditor (duty to achieve a result).

Den svenske lagstiftaren har under de senaste decennierna ökat polisens och åklagarens möjligheter till förundersökningsbegränsning som innebär att alla brott inte behöver utredas i enlighet med 23 kap. 4 a § RB. Samtidigt har Europadomstolen tolkat Europakonventionen om mänskliga rättigheter i en allt mer brottsoffervänlig riktning. Det betyder att reglerna om förundersökningsbegränsning rört sig ännu mera i riktningen mot mera av samhällelig effektivitetshänsyn medan konventionen gått mer åt att stärka brottsoffrens roll. I en rad rättsfall har Europadomstolen slagit fast att staterna har positiva förpliktelser gentemot brottsoffer, att se till att deras grundläggande rättigheter respekteras. Det betyder att de anslutna staterna måste skydda brottsoffren. Det gäller i synnerhet mot grova brott men domstolen har också öppnat för att offer för mindre allvarlig brottslighet måste få en chans till upprättelse. Samtidigt förundersökningsbegränsas, nedlägges, brottsutredningar av den typen med stöd av 23 kap. 4 a § RB dagligen i Sverige. / The Swedish legislator has during the three last decades extended the possibility for the police and the prosecutors to use preliminary enquiry limitation. That means that according to chapter 23, paragraph 4 a of the code of judicial procedure, the police and prosecutors does not always have to investigate crimes.   In the meantime, the European court of human rights has eventually interpreted the European convention on human rights, the ECHR, in a more crime victim friendly way. This study shows that the convention states need to consider positive obligations of the ECHR towards crime victims. The main aim of the convention is to protect individuals from violations of their rights committed by representatives of the states. But although it is not clearly written in the convention, the court of human rights has several times interpreted that article 8 of the convention includes positive obligations that demands the convention states to take measures in order to protect individuals and guarantee them their rights to personal and family life.

L’objet de cette thèse est d’analyser d’un point de vue financier la cotation et le comportement des obligations privées à la Bourse de Paris à partir de 1838 jusqu’à l’éclatement de la Première Guerre mondiale. Cette étude est divisée en deux parties : La première relate la création et l’évolution des émissions obligataires (marché primaire) durant le 19ème siècle. On s’intéresse aux grands émetteurs qui ont su se servir le mieux des obligations et les raisons de leur succès. Dans cette partie seront également traitées les caractéristiques techniques et les innovations financières des émissions. La deuxième partie tente d’analyser le comportement boursier des obligations(marché secondaire).Pour cela un indice général des cours d’obligations durant le 19ème siècle a été calculé. En se basant sur cet indice nous mettons en lumière pour la première fois, les caractéristiques de ce marché (rentabilité, volatilité, …). Cela permet de comparer nos résultats avec ceux des études antérieures sur les marchés d’actions et de la rente au 19ème siècle. Cet indice permet également de tester les diverses hypothèses financières relevant de la théorie financière moderne (efficience informationnelle, cointégration avec des autres compartiments du marché,…). / This thesis studies the French corporate bonds market during the 19th century. Despite its importance the performance of the corporate bonds quoted on the Paris Bourse has never been studied. In order to analyse this market, a price index of the corporate bond market has been created by using modern techniques. The creation of the index was made possible thanks to an original database created by new data, which has never been used before and collected directly from the publications of the market authorities during the nineteenth century. Thanks to the index, the risk and the return of the market have been measured. Then we compared the performance of the French corporate bonds with those of the stocks and government bonds; the results of thecomparisons are interesting. This study demonstrates that the corporate bonds are the least risky securities and their rate of return is higher than the government bonds during the nineteenth century. Some econometric tests have also been used to compare the efficiency of bond market with the other segments of the Paris Bourse.

Name of the diploma thesis in English: Compensation for detriments of accidents at work in terms of practice and judicature This diploma thesis deals with the topic of compensation for detriments caused to employees by an accident at work. Diploma elaborates the quoted topic with respect to the legislation in force in December 2018 and reflects the plentiful jurisprudence related to the subject. The author has met the compensation for detriments related to occupational injuries as part of his work at law office. The reason for choosing the topic was mainly the author's interest in the issue of accidents at work and the claims brought with those accidents. The aim of this work is to give a comprehensive explanation of the issue of compensation for detriments caused by work accident. The diploma is going to answer questions about specific rights of subject, how to define these claims and to calculate their amount and also which specific obligations related to work accidents must be fulfilled by the employee and the employer. The first chapter deals with the liability for damages caused by work accidents and also with the employer's possibilities for liberation. The chapter also includes an explanation of the employer's liberation with regard to alcohol-consuming employees who are not in state of...

La thèse est structurée en deux parties. La première constitue un résumé de la jurisprudence strasbourgeoise en matière de l’environnement. La deuxième partie porte sur le fondement théorique de la protection de l’environnement par la Convention Européenne des Droits de l’Homme à savoir la doctrine des obligations positives ainsi que sur les droits et devoirs qui, selon la jurisprudence, en découlent pour les différents acteurs. Le concept des obligations positives ne pouvant pas être appliqué sans restriction dans le domaine de l’environnement, les limites fixées par la CEDH afin de réduire les difficultés que peuvent connaître les Etats sont abordées. La question se pose aussi de savoir quelle norme conventionnelle est la mieux adaptée pour contribuer à la protection de l’environnement en application du concept des obligations positives. Ainsi, notamment l’importance de l’art. 8 CEDH et son rôle passe-partout dans le cadre des questions liées à l’environnement sont discutés. / In this thesis, the envrionmental protection through the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rightsis analysed : European court of Human Rights, environmental protection, environment

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar o instituto da obrigação propter rem à luz do direito positivo brasileiro. Com isso, pretende-se fornecer uma descrição dogmaticamente coerente do instituto. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram analisadas categorias jurídicas que, em sede de obrigação propter rem, são controvertidas, entre as quais, destacam-se a renúncia e o abandono liberatório / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the institute of the propter rem obligation through the light of the Brazilian positive Law. With that, it intends to provide a dogmatically consistent description of the institute. To achieve this goal, there were analyzed legal categories that, in place of propter rem obligation, are issued; including, the waiver and the discharging relinquishment that are stood out.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of responsibility inferences on judgments about helping older parents and stepparents with activities of daily living, health management, and recovery in the aftermath of an illness or injury. Using Weiner’s theory of responsibility inferences as a guiding framework, we evaluated (1) the amount of intergenerational aid adult (step)children should provide, (2) the extent to which adult (step)children were perceived to be obligated to help, (3) the extent to which government agencies should assist, and (4) attitudes about older adults’ responsibilities to help themselves. A sample of 252 adults was obtained using the Qualtrics online survey platform. Hypotheses derived from Weiner’s theory received support regarding responsibility inferences and perceptions about public assistance and personal responsibility to resolve problems. The theory was only partially supported, however, when examining intergenerational help to older kin, being at fault reduced expectations for providing help only under some conditions, and perceived obligations to kin were never affected by culpability.

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University of Macau / Faculty of Law