Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Aparecida Vieira Silva.pdf: 1254359 bytes, checksum: e47a97134e538c23ee396e5369df41b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-26 / This dissertation sought to identify the results from the innovation open process and its contribution to the development of new markets, considering the achievement of competitive advantage. The study reviews the concepts of competitive advantage, business strategies, market development, information technology, innovation and open innovation. The research was qualitative exploratory. The key element information was obtained by semi-structured interviews. Six managers from software producer companies were interviewed and also a consulting firm in the field of information technology that have adopted the model of open innovation. The technique of content analysis was used for the processing and interpretation of the collected data, according to the procedures recommended by Bardin (2007). As a result the survey showed that the benefits, among others, are related to increased productivity, reduced risks, cost sharing, responsiveness, product development, compliance to the deadline. The delta model was utilized to identify the software producer companies and consulting firm that has a focus on relationship customer, that offers differentiated solutions. As the contribution of the open innovation process, the model facilitates the penetration and market development. / Esta dissertação procurou identificar os resultados obtidos pelo processo de inovação aberta e sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento de novos mercados, levando em consideração a obtenção de vantagem competitiva. O estudo faz um resgate sobre os conceitos de vantagem competitiva, estratégias empresariais, desenvolvimento de mercados, tecnologia de informação, inovação e inovação aberta. A pesquisa realizada teve cunho qualitativo exploratório. As informações dos elementos-chave foram extraídas por meio de entrevistas, com roteiro semiestruturado. Foram entrevistados seis gestores de empresas elaboradoras de software e consultoria no setor de tecnologia da informação que adotaram o modelo de inovação de aberta. Para o tratamento e interpretação dos dados coletados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, seguindo os procedimentos recomendados por Bardin (2007). Como resultado, a pesquisa revelou que os benefícios estão relacionados ao aumento de produtividade, diminuição de riscos, compartilhamento de custos, agilidade no desenvolvimento de produtos e cumprimento no prazo de entrega. Por meio do modelo delta foi identificado que as empresas elaboradoras de software e consultoria focam o relacionamento com o cliente, oferecendo soluções diferenciadas. Quanto à contribuição do processo de inovação aberta, o modelo facilita a penetração e desenvolvimento de mercados.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Celeste Neves Guimaraes.pdf: 3080204 bytes, checksum: d282f9abecffa0e8178b45631081ac10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-08 / Esta dissertação analisa a vantagem competitiva das indústrias farmacêuticas, segmento saúde humana Brasil, que adotam a inovação aberta. É um estudo de caráter exploratório e abordagem qualitativa descritiva. Qual é a contribuição da inovação aberta para a vantagem competitiva da indústria farmacêutica foi a pergunta de pesquisa. Identificar a prática da inovação nas empresas selecionadas, verificar a adoção da inovação aberta e descrever a contribuição desta para a vantagem competitiva foram os objetivos específicos. O referencial teórico articula a literatura sobre inovação e vantagem competitiva para melhor entendimento das inter-relações entre os constructos. Dez organizações, duas associações e um representante da academia foram selecionados após análise de informações institucionais e registros documentais. Os principais executivos das empresas nacionais, multinacionais e associações de fabricantes responderam à pesquisa com perguntas semiestruturadas, roteiro padrão e perguntas abertas. O tratamento dos dados qualitativos seguiu a técnica de análise interpretativa. As metacategorias encontradas foram: inovação, pesquisa e desenvolvimento, inovação aberta e vantagem competitiva. Os resultados sinalizam que nestas empresas os produtos novos decorrem de inovações incrementais, radicais e disruptivas. Elas utilizam estratégias tecnológicas ofensivas, defensivas, imitativas e dependentes. No Brasil, a prática da inovação aberta entre as indústrias nacionais participantes acontece em diferentes estágios, conforme gestão interna e externa dos processos de inovação, propriedade intelectual, parcerias, pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Indústrias multinacionais que praticam a inovação aberta no exterior, não adotam no Brasil por razões que coincidem entre os entrevistados. Empresas que utilizam a inovação aberta relataram sua contribuição para recursos e capacidades valiosos, raros e inimitáveis. Dificuldades para adoção no país, também foram mencionadas. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para futuros trabalhos e pesquisas acadêmicas relacionadas à inovação aberta.

Business leaders must adopt new business practices to sustain their organizations and meet the paradigm of global competition. In the 21st century, innovation and market readiness have become the primary criteria for sustainability of an organization. Some organizational leaders should adopt open innovation strategy to stay competitive and foster a positive impact on their organizations' performance while practicing a systematic inclusion of knowledge from sources outside of the organization. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore effective strategies business leaders use to cultivate a sustainable open innovation culture. The population consisted of leaders from 200 high technology organizations in the Washington, D.C. area. Purposeful sampling was used to select 4 organizations whose leaders demonstrated successful cultivation of open innovation culture. Schein's culture theory was the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and review of the organizations' annual reports, publications, websites, and brochures. Data analysis was based on Vaismoradi, Turunen, and Bondas's systematic content and thematic analysis approach, proceding from study data to codes to themes. The outcome led to 4 primary themes: organizational strategic alignment, collaboration as a force multiplier for innovation, organizational culture change, and expert understanding of the customers' needs. Implications for positive social change include fostering innovative organizations whose members bring to the market cost-effective solutions and bridge between market needs and technological solutions. Members of innovative organizations impact underserved communities in terms of material wealth, social welfare, and employment opportunities.

In the United States, 41% of small retail businesses fail to succeed for longer than 5 years. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies small retail business owners used to remain sustainable for more than 5 years. The conceptual framework that grounded this study was Schumpeter's innovation theory. The sample size of this research included 4 successful retail business owners located in the southeastern region of the United States who have successfully started and managed their business activities for more than 5 years. Data were collected using semistructured face-to-face interviews with successful owners of small retail businesses and reviews of the organizations' internal documents. Data were coded, categorized, and labeled using coding techniques, and then validated using member checking. Data analysis processes included a thematic analysis method to identify emerging themes. The results of data analysis revealed 3 significant themes: passion and determination for doing business, market development and customer satisfaction, and business model innovation. The results indicated that the use of innovation theory enabled small retail business owners to develop innovative strategies to sustain the business for more than 5 years. The results also showed that innovation increases sales and profits for the longer term. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to create new jobs, enhance tax revenues and growth for governments, and improve social environments from revenue generated by employment.

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La innovació, que ha estat durant molt de temps el resultat, a vegades heroic, de la tasca d'un emprenedor solitari, està esdevenint progressivament una tasca col·lectiva que troba una descripció més acurada quan es presenta com el resultat d'un procés complex amb múltiples actors. Aquesta tesi vol explorar aquest aspecte col·lectiu de la innovació, tot aprofundint en dues línies de recerca. Una, que utilitza el modelatge basat en agents per a la creació de model teòrics. L'altre, que es basa en l'ús de l'anàlisi qualitatiu per a esbrinar algunes de les claus d'unes organitzacions ‐els Living Labs ‐ que cerquen involucrar els usuaris en el procés d'innovació. Ara bé, malgrat presentem la innovació com un procés obert, aquesta entesa com un procés tancat sembla també tenir èxit. De fet, tant els telèfons mòbils molt simples o molt complexos, semblen seguir aquest enfocament. En quines condicions el procés d'innovació es beneficia de ser un procés obert i quan és possible obtenir millors resultats retenint el control de la totalitat del procés, és la nostra primera pregunta de recerca. D'altra banda, aquest procés de col·laboració, característic d'un enfocament obert, és considerat normalment a un nivell micro com el resultat de la interacció diàdica entre agents. Existeix però, un altre nivell, un nivell macro que ve caracteritzat per la funció d'institucions com les Escoles de Negocis, que juguen un paper important en destil·lar les millors pràctiques i crear hipòtesis a partir d'elles que si es revelen exitoses seran adoptades per la totalitat dels agents. La comprensió del funcionament d'aquest procés, del nombre de casos que cal considerar i de quan extensius han de ser, entendre fins a quin punt les empreses poden confiar en l'assessorament de les Escoles de Negoci i quan es necessari aventurar‐se en l'exploració de noves possibilitats, és també quelcom necessari per a caracteritzar la innovació com un procés col·lectiu. Malauradament, la nostra comprensió dels mecanismes col·laboratius és encara escassa. Sabem però, que la innovació ja no és quelcom exclusiu dels laboratoris d'I+D o d'organitzacions capdavanteres, sinó que els usuaris juguen no solament un paper rellevant sinó que són percebuts com a actors amb un gran potencial. Els Living Labs és una de les tentatives per proporcionar estructura i governança a la involucració dels usuaris en el procés d'innovació. En aquest aspecte, examinarem quina és la contribució d'aquests usuaris i com els Living Labs busquen capturar‐ne el seu coneixement i aplicar‐lo i quant tenen èxit en aquest procés. / La innovación, que se ha presentado muchas veces como el resultado de un proceso, muchas veces heroico, de emprendedores excepcionales, se está convirtiendo de una forma progresiva en un proceso colectivo que se describe con más acierto cuando se presenta como el resultado de un proceso complejo con multitud de actores. Esta tesis, pretende explorar este aspecto colectivo del proceso de innovación, profundizando en dos líneas de investigación. Una que utiliza el modelado basado en agentes para la construcción de modelos teóricos. Otra que se basa en el análisis cualitativo para profundizar en las claves de unas organizaciones ¬los Living Labs ‐ que buscan involucrar a los usuarios en los procesos de innovación. Ahora bien, a pesar de que la innovación se presente como un proceso abierto, ésta entendida como un proceso cerrado, parece también tener éxito. De hecho, los teléfonos móviles muy simples o muy complejos, parecen seguir este enfoque. En qué condiciones el proceso de innovación se beneficia de ser un proceso abierto y cuando es posible obtener mejores resultados reteniendo el control de la totalidad del proceso, es nuestra primera pregunta de investigación. Por otro lado, este proceso de colaboración, característico de un enfoque abierto, es considerado normalmente a un nivel micro, como el resultado de la interacción diádica entre agentes. Existe pero, otro nivel, un nivel macro, caracterizado por la función de instituciones como las Escuelas de Negocios, que juegan un papel importante destilando las mejores prácticas y creando hipótesis a partir de ellas que si se revelan exitosas serán masivamente adoptadas. La comprensión del funcionamiento de este proceso, del número de casos a considerar y de su extensión, comprender hasta qué punto las empresas pueden confiar en el asesoramiento de las Escuelas de Negocios y cuando es necesario aventurarse en un proceso de exploración de nuevas posibilidades, es también algo imprescindible para caracterizar la innovación como un proceso colectivo. Desgraciadamente nuestra comprensión de los mecanismos colaborativos en la innovación es aún escasa. Sin embargo sabemos que la innovación ya no es algo exclusivo de los laboratorios de I+D o de grandes empresas, los usuarios juegan no sólo un papel relevante sino que son percibidos como actores con un alto potencial. Los Living Labs es una de las tentativas que buscan proporcionar estructura y gobierno a la involucración de los usuarios en el proceso de innovación. En este aspecto, examinaremos cuál es la contribución de los usuarios, cómo los Living Labs buscan capturar su conocimiento y aplicarlo y cuando tienen éxito en su intento. / Innovation, which used to be the result of a single, sometimes heroic, entrepreneur, is progressively turning into a collaborative endeavor, better described as the result of a complex process with multiple actors. This thesis aims to explore this collaborative aspect of innovation by digging into two strands of research. One uses Agent‐Based Modeling to create theoretical models, where the other one uses qualitative analysis to devise some insights from organizations ‐Living Labs ‐that aim to involve users in innovation. In addition to understanding innovation as an open process, a closed one seems sometimes to be equally successful. In fact, very simple and very complex mobile phones seem to follow this later approach. Under what conditions innovation benefits from being open and when better results can be obtained from retaining control of the whole process is our first research question. This process of collaboration, characteristic of the open approach, is normally considered at a micro level, as a result of a dyadic interaction between agents. Nevertheless, there is a macro level characterized by institutions, such as Business Schools, that play an important role in uncovering Best Practices and building hypothesis that, if successful, will be adopted by the agents. Understanding how this process works; how many cases should be collected and how comprehensive they should be; how much companies can rely on the insights of Business Schools; and when it is necessary to engage in exploration, is also necessary when characterizing innovation as a collective process. The mechanisms of collaboration are, however, not all well‐understood. Innovation is no longer in the solely hands of R&D laboratories or even organizations, users play an increasingly significant role and are being perceived as holding vast potential. Living Labs is one attempt to provide structure and governance to user involvement in innovation. Here, we will examine what is the contribution of users, how Living Labs aim to capture relevant knowledge and apply it, and when and how this proves successful.

In today’s economical world, companies realize the importance to build corporate strategies on innovation to sustain a continuous profitability. Innovation is a crucial issue to develop a competitive advantage. In our networked economy, companies can not only rely on in-house activities anymore to raise creative and come up with breakthrough innovations they need to collaborate with actors from the external environment. Firms have to think outside their own boundaries to leverage the complementary resources and capabilities needed to innovate. Partnerships help to ensure firms’ future successes. The purpose of our study is to understand how companies, operating in the automotive industry, integrate ‘Open and Networked Innovation’ concepts in their corporate strategy to enhance their environmental friendly profile. As far as the EV market is concerned, our study will also lead to determine the Key Factors of Success and the barriers that companies have to face when they want to launch an electric car in the market. Various theoretical approaches have been developed over the time about Open Innovation and Networked Innovation. The dilemma of paradoxical organization needs of radical innovation, exposed by Dr Sigvald Harryson, is our theoretical starting-point to analyze company’s ability to find the right equilibrium between exploration and exploitation and absorptive capacity. Further on, we explore the question of absorptive capacity to know how firms identify, acquire, transfer and transform knowledge. Thereafter, the theoretical framework is confronted with empirical data based on a qualitative and abductive approach of two case studies – Tesla and Renault. Interviews with Tesla, located in the Silicon Valley, California, USA, have been conducted. We also met two key employees in Renault’s headquarter, Paris, France. Interpretation and explanation of the data collected is reported in our analysis of each case as well as in the cross-case analysis. A presentation of our recommendations and conclusions conclude our master thesis.

This study investigates the drivers and forms of business model innovation. It is built on the business model innovation typology proposed by Koen et al. (2011), we have developed its dimensions into Hurdle rate, technology, partners value network and customer value network. The study used these dimensions as a base to differentiate between the two approaches of the business model innovation which were identified as innovating the existing business model approach and multiple business model approach. The study used qualitative analysis, through a dual case study approach in the automotive industry, consequently Fiat and Tata Motors were selected as case studies. Furthermore, the study foundation is secondary data supported by primary data (i.e. interviews) to investigate how each of these two organizations has implemented business model innovation in each case study, by highlighting and contrasting their different approaches of business model innovation. The results of the study showed that each of the two approaches of business model innovation implies open innovation and expands the organization’s value network. However, innovating the existing business model focuses on improving the organizations’ performance, and sustaining innovation. On the other hand, the multiple business model approach aims to disrupt the industry or a competitor (i.e. New entrant), through disruptive innovation. Moreover, the study proposed a process based framework and a checklist on business model innovation, to assist the decision makers in organizations while choosing between innovating their existing business model or designing a new one.

Syfte:                           Syftet är att analysera intermediärens funktion i en svensk kontext för att öka kunskapen kring vilka roller en intermediär kan tillskrivas och varför de existerar. Syftet är vidare att analysera huruvida ett förtroende gentemot intermediären förelåg och vad detta förtroende baserades på. Detta för att skapa ett bidrag till befintlig forskning och öka kunskapen kring förtroendeskapande gentemot intermediärer.     Metod: Fallstudie av Stiftelsen Flemingsberg Science och dess projekt Kraftcentrum Flemingsberg. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer med respondenter vilka varit involverade i projekt drivna av Kraftcentrum Flemingsberg.   Teori Transaktionskostnadsteori, strukturella hål, kunskapsöverföring, medling och förtroende.                                  Slutsatser                  Intermediärerna fyllde en funktion utöver de traditionella ”brokering” och ”knowledge brokering” funktionerna genom att de även fungerade som operativa projektledare och stöd. Förtroende existerade i ett tidigt stadie och baserades på intermediärens kompetens och meriter.  Vidare baserades förtroendet även på organisationen vilken intermediären representerade och förmedlades genom, där organisationens finansiär och syfte även var betydelsefullt.