European and US companies, who desire to expand from a domestic-oriented focus to a more international mind-set, must undergo significant organizational transformation. Whether the transformation results in the company becoming internationally oriented, a complete transnational organization or anywhere in-between, one of the key components in the transformation process is developing a strategy that is outwardly focused from its natural domestic markets. To develop and execute said strategy, the utilization of human capital resources might be required that the company itself may not possess. Literature review has supported the concept that when European or US companies incorporate foreign nationals on the Board of Directors (BOD), the development and execution of international expansion strategies will increase the probability of reaching their respective strategic objectives. However, literature research is silent as to whether the inclusion of foreign nationals on the BOD of South American companies would result in the comparable results as experienced by European and US companies. This research study will begin to explore if a broader set of theoretical concepts could be applied to publicly traded Chilean companies and through future studies to publicly traded South American domiciled companies. Through an engaged scholarship approach, Resource Dependency Theory will be utilized as the lens through which to present the theoretical and practical applications for the BOD of publicly traded Chilean-domiciled companies to consider when developing international expansion strategies outside of Chile.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Knowledge management is an organisational science field that is viewed by many as a panacea to the challenge of successfully managing knowledge intensive organisations. Knowledge management is marked by a clear departure from traditional management thinking that viewed the ideal organisation as a bureaucracy with a clear hierarchical structure. Much of this has been the natural result of advances in information technology making new ways of working possible, but frequently, flatter structures are advocated on the assumption that knowledge work is necessarily stifled in hierarchical structures. The thesis sets out to show that whilst this assumption might be true, it can also be ideological if based on a naive conception of hierarchy and organisation. This is done by describing various notions of hierarchy that go beyond the pure bureaucratic form. Thereafter it is demonstrated that these more nuanced notions of hierarchy lie at the core of some of the foundational knowledge management theories. The first chapter gives an overview of management thinking; connecting and contrasting scientific management with knowledge management. The case is made for why many assume that knowledge management is inherently anti-hierarchical. The second chapter describes the various notions of hierarchy by tracing the historical origins of the word and exploring how it has found multiple meanings in the context of society and organisations. Four prominent usage contexts of the notion of hierarchy emerge. The first usage is that of control where hierarchy refers to bureaucracies. The second usage examines the use of hierarchy in identifying various organisational cultures (Markets, Clans, Adhocracies and Hierarchies). The third usage applies to organisation sensemaking levels. The fourth usage refers to the use of hierarchy as it applies to organisations as the coupling of systems and subsystems. In the third chapter it is demonstrated to what extent each of these notions of hierarchy informs selected mainstream knowledge management theories. It is argued that there are multiple contexts in which the notion of hierarchy can be used and observed in knowledge management thinking. The fourth chapter concludes by restating the multiple meanings of organisational hierarchy and discussing the implications for knowledge management. The thesis comes to the conclusion that the notion of hierarchy is readily acknowledged and used in knowledge management thinking, albeit in different contexts and in more nuanced ways than merely as control. What is needed is to take these various contexts into account before a claim can be made that hierarchy is bad or good for knowledge management. A better conceptualisation of what is meant by hierarchy shows that such blanket claims are neither accurate nor instructive. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kennisbestuur is 'n veld in organisasiestudies wat deur baie mense gesien word as die oplossing vir die bestuursprobleem van kennis-intensiewe organisasies. Kennisbestuur word gekenmerk deur 'n duidelike afwyking van die tradisionele bestuursdenke wat die ideale organisasie sien as 'n burokrasie met 'n duidelik hierargiese struktuur. Hierdie afwyking is waarskynlik die natuurlike resultaat van voortuitgang in informasietegnologie wat nuwe maniere van werk moontlik maak, maar soms word platter strukture bepleit op die basis van die aanname dat kenniswerk in beginsel deur hierargiese strukture benadeel word. Die tesis probeer wys dat alhoewel so 'n aanname wel waar kan wees, dit ook ideologies kan wees, veral wanneer gebaseer op 'n naïewe verstaan van hierargie en organisering. Dit word gedoen deur verskeie vorme van hierargie, wat verfynings van die burokratiese vorm is, te beskryf en daarna te demonstreer hoedat hierdie meer genuanseerde konsepsies van hierargie baie van die hoofstroom kennisbestuursteorieë informeer. Die eerste hoofstuk gee 'n oorsig van bestuursdenke vanaf wetenskaplike bestuur tot kennisbestuur. 'n Argument word gevoer oor hoekom baie mense aanvaar dat kennisbestuur in wese anti-hierargies is. Die tweede hoofstuk beskryf die verskeie vorme van hierargie deur die geskiedkundige oorsprong van die woord na te spoor en te wys op die vele maniere waarop dit neerslag gevind het in die samelewing en spesifiek in organisasies. Vier prominente gebruikskontekste word geïdentifiseer. Die eerste verwys na hierargie as kontrole in burokrasieë. Die tweede ondersoek die uitbreiding van hieragie as 'n manier om verskillende organisatoriese kulture te identifiseer (Markte, Klans, Adhokrasieë en Hierargieë). Die derde gebruikskonteks het te make met vlakke van organisatoriese singewing. Die vierdie konteks verwys na die gebruik van hierargie in die koppeling van sisteme en hulle subsisteme soos dit in organisasie-denke neerslag vind. Die derde hoofstuk demonstreer tot watter mate elkeen van hierdie gebruikskontekste geselekteerde hoofstroom kennisbestuursteorieë onderlê. Daar word geargumenteer dat daar 'n veelvoud van kontekste is waarbinne hierargie in kennisbestuur gebruik en waargeneem kan word. Die vierde hoofstuk sluit af deur die verskeie betekenisse van hierargie op te som en die implikasies vir kennisbestuur uit te stippel. Die tesis kom tot die slotsom dat hierargie in kennisbestuur erken en gebruik word, alhoewel in verskeie kontekste en in meer genuanseerde vorme as eenvoudige burokratiese kontrole. Wat nodig is, is om hierdie verskeie kontekste in ag te neem voordat afdoende antwoorde gewaag kan word of hierargie goed of sleg is vir die bestuur van kennis. 'n Beter konseptualisering van wat met hierargie bedoel word wys dat afdoende antwoorde in die verband waarskynlik onakkuraat is.

(in English): The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the organizational culture of a small company with a specific focus. The organizational culture is a hard-to-grasp concept that affects the operation of every company. The aim of the thesis was to perform a diagnostics of the small company and provide a description of the organizational culture of this particular company, the orientation of this culture, influence on the efficiency of the company and also to try to reflect possible changes of the culture during development of this company. The analyzed company has only 11 employees and two members of the management, therefore I have described the analysis as an empirical probe. Tomake the probe as complex as possible, quantitative and qualitative methodology has been used. Due to the combination of both types of methodology, it is possible to reflect the changes in certain aspects of the organizational culture that occurred during its development and the employees' preferences regarding the future form of the organizational culture. The quantitative part of the thesis is based on Cameron and Quinn (2006) and uses the set of OCAI indicators made by them. The hypothesis that the dominant type of culture in the company will be the market type has not been confirmed. The results of the set of...

[pt] Este estudo tem como foco investigar o lugar da dimensão subjetiva na fala de atendentes de uma Central de Atendimento Telefônico brasileira. Com base em um corpus constituído de gravações de atendimentos a clientes de uma empresa de seguro saúde, busca-se identificar, através da forma pronominal de 1ª pessoa do singular eu, (i) como o sistema de transitividade e a estrutura de modo (Halliday, 1994) manifestam a subjetividade do atendente e (ii) que papéis o atendente exerce enquanto falante nesses contextos. O arcabouço teórico insere-se na perspectiva Sistêmico-Funcional da linguagem (Halliday, 1994), em interface com conceitos da Sociolingüística Interacional sobre o formato de produção do falante (Goffman, [1979] 2002). Esta pesquisa conta, primeiramente, com uma quantificação das ocorrências do eu através de um programa de análise lexical (Barlow, 1999), seguida de uma análise qualitativa dos contextos, considerando as ações do falanteatendente. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que, em função de a fala dos atendentes ser modelada por um script de atendimento imposto pela empresa, os contextos de ocorrências do eu não são um espaço para a expressão plena da subjetividade do atendente. Conclui-se, ainda, que é prioritariamente no papel de animador que o atendente fala com o cliente para solucionar os seus problemas. / [en] This study investigates how the expression of subjectivity influences the speech of attendants at a Brazilian call center service. On the basis of a corpus of recorded call services to clients of a health-insurance company, it was attempted to identify, through the first-person pronoun, (i) how the transitivity system and the modal structure (Halliday, 1994) express the attendant s subjectivity and (ii) what are the roles taken on by the attendants while speaking in these contexts. The theoretical foundations of the study assume the Systemic Functional perspective of language (Halliday, 1994), as well as concepts of Interactional Sociolinguistics about speaker production format (Goffman, [1979] 2002). The research begins with a quantitative analysis of occurrences of I by means of lexical analysis software (Barlow, 1999), followed by a qualitative analysis of the contexts, taking into consideration the actions of the speaker-attendants. The results of the research show that, because the speech of the attendants is modeled on a script determined by the company, the contexts where I occurs are not a space for the full expression of the attendant s subjectivity. Our conclusion also shows that it is primarily as an animator that the attendant talks to the client fin order to solve his or her problems.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-27T17:36:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertação Emmanuel.pdf: 1906794 bytes, checksum: 19917f5dc08391f97e9a4a5579e190d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T17:36:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertação Emmanuel.pdf: 1906794 bytes, checksum: 19917f5dc08391f97e9a4a5579e190d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / O Planejamento Estratégico é uma peça fundamental em todas as organizações atualmente. Ele é o responsável por elaborar a estratégia de uma empresa. Estratégia esta, por sua vez, que é de suma importância na definição do futuro de uma organização. No intuito de alcançar os objetivos desejados é preciso que as ações do presente estejam, de alguma forma, alinhadas com o que foi planejado para os anos futuros. Não podemos analisar, definir e implementar estas ações sem a devida Gestão dos Processos que as compõem. Além disto, é preciso também realizar análises que irão demonstrar a situação atual da empresa e encontrar as lacunas que existem para que os seus objetivos futuros sejam atendidos. Neste contexto, foi proposta uma abordagem de desenvolvimento organizacional a qual foi aplicada como estudo de caso na empresa NECTAR. O resultado foi a concepção de seu planejamento estratégico juntamente com soluções para que as lacunas existentes entre o que a empresa é hoje e o que deseja ser no futuro sejam extintas. / Strategic Planning is a critical piece in all organizations today. It is responsible for developing the strategy of a company. This strategy, in turn, is of paramount importance in shaping the future of the organization. In order to achieve the desired goals it is necessary that the present actions are, in some way, fitted with what was planned for the coming years. We can not analyze, define and implement these actions without the proper management of processes that compose them. Moreover, it is also necessary to perform the analyzes that will demonstrate the company’s current situation and find the gaps that exist so that their future desires are met. In this context, it proposed an organizational development approach which was applied as a case study in NECTAR company. The result was the conception of strategic planning along with solutions to the gaps between what the company is today and what you want to be in the future become extinct

Orientador: Maria das Graças Conde Caldas / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T01:42:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LimaBarbosa_Adrianade_M.pdf: 11427929 bytes, checksum: f3cbc6abe5c72c52a1fa8afdd1faa3f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O interesse crescente pela Ciência revela a importância das instituições museais de Ciência e Tecnologia por suas características educacionais, motivacionais e lúdicas. Nos últimos dez anos, se observa a ampliação da produção científica brasileira e sua projeção no cenário internacional. Esta realidade vem se refletindo na formulação de políticas públicas nacionais para a área de CT&I, com importantes reflexos na academia e no setor privado, embora em menor grau. No âmbito da formação da cultura científica, verifica-se, porém, um real, mas tímido crescimento de iniciativas museológicas dinâmicas (hands on), com o intuito de atrair e despertar o interesse da CT&I na sociedade, em especial, crianças e adolescentes. Embora o discurso nacional aponte para o potencial estratégico da CT&I para o desenvolvimento do país, a educação científica e tecnológica ainda deixa muito a desejar, como pode ser constatado pelos resultados negativos de pesquisas internacionais e nacionais nas áreas de Ciências, Matemática e Leitura (PISA, 2012 e Prova ABC, 2012). Qual seria, portanto, a contribuição dos centros e museus de ciência na educação científica brasileira; suas características e atuação para a formação de uma cultura científica nacional? Como acontecem os processos de criação e de gestão dessas instituições e de que forma elas se articulam com as políticas públicas municipais? Para melhor compreender essas dinâmicas e a interface das instituições museais com os setores educativo, político, administrativo e social, esta pesquisa examina três diferentes propostas de museus, considerando seus aspectos educativos e lúdicos, assim como a natureza administrativa-financeira. Trata-se de um estudo de caso múltiplo (YIN, 2005), de natureza qualitativa. As instituições selecionadas estão localizadas no Estado de São Paulo, polo científico brasileiro que mais concentra recursos e pesquisas. São elas: Catavento Cultural (vinculação estadual, localizado em São Paulo capital), Sabina Escola Parque do Conhecimento (municipal, em Santo André) e Museu Exploratório de Ciências (universitário-Unicamp, em Campinas). Resultados da pesquisa apontam a necessidade de melhoria na gestão administrativa e financeira; a importância relativa dos museus na educação científica; a baixa diversidade de ações pedagógicas junto ao público e aos professores; a baixa exploração dos museus como equipamentos públicos integrados às cidades; e a dificuldade em promover a acessibilidade em todas as suas formas. Por outro lado, constatou-se, grande nível de aprovação do público por estes espaços de educação não formal / Abstract: The increasing interest for Science reveals the importance of museal institutions in Science and Technology for their educational, motivational and recreational traits. There has been a visible increase in Brazilian scientific production within the last ten years and, with it, the country¿s international projection in this sector. This reality has been reflected in the making of national public policy to ST&I, with important reflexes on academia and, to a narrower extent, on the private sector. Within the scope of a scientific culture formation, it can be attested, however, a real, though timid, growth of dynamic (hands-on) museum-driven initiatives, aiming to attract and stimulate interest in ST&I in society, and, in special, in children and teenagers. Even though the national discourse points towards the strategic potential of ST&I for the development of the country, science and technology education still has a lot to improve, as it can be observed by the negative results of national and international tests within the areas of Science, Mathematics and Reading (PISA, 2012 and Prova ABC, 2012). What would, then, be the contribution of science centers and museums to Brazilian science education, its characteristics and action towards a formation of a national scientific culture? How do the processes of establishment and management of these institution come about and how do they articulate with municipal public policies? In order to be able to understand these dynamics and the interface museal institutions make with educational, political, managerial and social sectors, the present research examines three different museum propositions, considering their educational and recreational aspects, as well as of managerial-financial nature. The research is about a multiple case study (Yin, 2005), of qualitative nature. The selected institutions are located in São Paulo state, the Brazilian science hub which concentrates most of the resources and research. They are: Catavento Cultural (state-run, located in São Paulo city), Sabina School Park of Knowledge (municipal, in the city of Santo André, inland State of São Paulo) and Exploratory Museum of Science (university-run, at Unicamp, in Campinas). Results of the research show the need of improvement in managerial and financial areas; the relative importance of museums in science education; the narrow diversity of pedagogical actions with the public and teachers; the low usage of museums as public tools, integrated to the cities; and the difficulty in promoting accessibility in all its forms. On the other hand, it was possible to see a considerable level of approval of these non-formal education spaces by the public / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestra em Divulgação Científica e Cultural

Significant changes in market behavior arouse the need to adopt new processes and management tools in order to make organizations more competitive and sustainable. Tálamo and Carvalho (2004) to denote the creation of a new economic order based on the structuring of different ways regarding the management and organizational control. In this perspective Pinheiro and Silva (2010, p. 3) indicate that the cooperative has evolved and conquered their own space, defined by a new way of thinking man's labor and social development . Thus, the overall goal of this work is to identify and analyze the system management tools and internal control of a cooperative in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, proposing a theoretical model applicable to that type of organization . In order to provide the framework for knowledge needed to develop this work, we took the theoretical model of cooperative management proposed by Oliveira (2006). Associated with the management, we investigated the internal control procedures, defined by Crepaldi (2007). The methodological contribution this study was a qualitative study, based on field research procedures, descriptive and exploratory. The method was case study allowed investigation of deep theoretical and its practical applicability in the context of a cooperative. The techniques were adopted methodological collection, analysis and organization of data. To obtain answers regarding the issue were used interviews, questionnaires, document analysis and direct observation. Primarily for the analysis of the results were taken as some techniques: classification, categorization, tabulation, statistical quantitative percentage and essentially content analysis. Finally, based on this detailed account of the results, on the model of cooperative management and internal control tools practiced by Cooperative, concluded categorically that the methods, routines, procedures, activities, as well as all organizational assembly caters largely to the theoretical model proposed by Oliveira (2006) and, to a lesser degree, related to a medium degree, the model Crepaldi (2007) as being necessary and crucial for organizations embedded in dynamic and competitive markets, aiming at sustainability of its business in all fields. This all gave effective conditions so that one could propose a theoretical model applicable to cooperative that included the cooperative doctrine, organizational management and internal control. / As mudanças significativas no comportamento do mercado despertam a necessidade da adoção de novos processos e ferramentas de gestão de modo a tornar as organizações mais competitivas e sustentáveis. Tálamo e Carvalho (2004) denotam para a criação de uma nova ordem econômica, com base na estruturação de formas diferenciadas quanto à gestão e controle organizacional. Nessa perspectiva Pinheiro e Silva (2010, p. 3) assinalam que o cooperativismo evoluiu e conquistou um espaço próprio, definido por uma nova forma de pensar do homem, do trabalho e do desenvolvimento social . Dessa forma, o objetivo geral desse trabalho é identificar e analisar o sistema de gestão e as ferramentas de controle interno de uma cooperativa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, propondo um modelo teórico aplicável a esse tipo de organização . Com o intuito de oferecer o arcabouço de conhecimentos necessários para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho, tomou-se como referencial teórico o modelo de gestão de cooperativas proposto por Oliveira (2006). Associado à gestão foram investigados os procedimentos de controle interno, definidos por Crepaldi (2007). Em termos metodológicos esse trabalho teve como aporte uma pesquisa qualitativa, apoiada em procedimentos de pesquisa de campo, descritiva e exploratória. O método foi estudo de caso que permitiu a investigação profunda dos aspectos teóricos e sua aplicabilidade no contexto prático de uma cooperativa. As técnicas metodológicas adotadas foram coleta, análise e organização dos dados. Para obtenção das respostas relativas ao problema foram utilizadas entrevistas, questionários, análise documental e observação direta. Essencialmente para a análise dos resultados foram adotadas algumas técnicas como: classificação, categorização, tabulação, estatística quantitativa percentual e, essencialmente, análise de conteúdo. Por fim, com base nesse relato pormenorizado dos resultados, acerca do modelo de gestão da cooperativa e das ferramentas de controle interno praticadas pela Cooperativa, concluiu-se, categoricamente que as metodologias, as rotinas, os procedimentos, as atividades, bem como todo o conjunto organizacional atende em grande parte ao modelo teórico proposto por Oliveira (2006) e, em grau menor, ou seja, referente a um grau médio, ao modelo de Crepaldi (2007), como sendo necessários e de fundamental importância para as organizações inseridas em mercados dinâmicos e competitivos, com vistas à sustentabilidade de seus negócios em todos os campos de atuação. Isso tudo deu condições efetivas para que se pudesse propor um modelo teórico aplicável à cooperativa que contemplou a doutrina cooperativa, gestão organizacional e controle interno.

Ofta genomförs projekt i tillfälliga organisationer och är ett tidsbegränsat åtagande. Lärande i organisationer som till största del består av projekt, s.k. projektbaserade organisationer, har andra typer av utmaningar när det gäller kunskapsöverföring än vanliga linjeorganisationer där kunskap kan skapas och stanna i avdelningar. Kunskapsöverföring i återkommande evenemangsprojekt är viktigt för att undvika att göra om misstag som kan vara kostsamma, speciellt då det är efter själva evenemanget som det går att avgöra om projektet är lyckat eller inte. Syftet med uppsatsen är att redogöra för tillvägagångssätt som kan användas för att överföra kunskap mellan återkommande evenemangsprojekt. En fallstudie om O-Ringen AB som organiserar O-Ringen, världens största orienteringsäventyr, genomfördes för att svara på studiens forskningsfråga: Vilka tillvägagångssätt kan användas för kunskapsöverföring mellan återkommande evenemangsprojekt? Med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer med projektledare för fyra O-Ringen och VD för O-Ringen AB samt genomgång av företagets uppdragsplan redovisas tillvägagångssätt som organisationen använder för kunskapsöverföring mellan de årligt återkommande evenemangsprojekten. Studiens resultat visar hur kunskapsöverföring kan ske mellan återkommande evenemangsprojekt. O-Ringen AB överför kunskap mellan sina återkommande evenemangsprojekt genom tidigare erfarenheter, att samla erfarenheter, informella och formella möten, dokument, icke-standardiserat material och system. / Projects are often executed in temporary organizations and are under a time limit. This is part of why learning in organizations that mainly work with projects, so-called project based organizations, have other types of challenges when it comes to knowledge transfer than in other types of organizations where knowledge is created and stays in departments. Knowledge transfer in reoccurring event projects are important to avoid repeating mistakes which could prove costly, especially when it only is after the event itself that it’s possible to determine if the project was successful or not. The purpose of this study is to describe which methods can be used in knowledge transfer between reoccurring event projects. A case study in O-Ringen AB, the company that organize O-Ringen, the world’s biggest orientation adventure, was conducted to answer this study’s research question: Which methods can be used to transfer knowledge between reoccurring event projects? The methods of knowledge transfer used in O-Ringen AB are presented in this paper. The results are based on interviews with the project managers of four O-Ringen events and the CEO of O-Ringen AB. In addition, the conceptual plan that the organization produces was used. The result of the study show how knowledge transfer can occur between reoccurring event projects. O-Ringen AB transfer knowledge between their annually reoccurring event projects through earlier experiences, collected experiences, informal and formal meetings, documents, non-standardized material and systems.

The Swedish police authority is an extended arm of the Swedish government. The government implements governmental policies for its authorities, aiming at sustaining and improving the safety and wellbeing of society. In Sweden, one of the main policy safeguards is gender equality, which has been the focus of this study. It builds upon a well-established regulatory system for the representation of women in leading positions and argues for the benefits associated with tackling certain equality challenges. Up until now, most of the scholarly contributions on organization management, in relation to governmental policy, have dealt with leadership power and its efficiency, rather than equality. This study showed that the contemporary application of governmental policy has an impact on organizational culture. Through policy, gender equality could be increased as it encompasses potential benefits associated with leadership and power distribution. The study showed that this is also the case for the police authorities in Sweden in which applying gender policies has implications for managers' decisions when these are used to make the organizational leadership structures more equal. The application of policies to allow gender equality has also implications for employees regarding their work performances when advancing up in hierarchies.

This thesis contributes to research that informs the studies of organizational management and organizational anthropology. It examines the internal hierarchy and organizational practices of a Tech Company and describes how findings contributed to policy recommendations aimed towards supporting a “guild” model for organizational success. The data collecting and research were undertaken while working as an employee of the Tech Program and subsequent analysis continued past the end of that phase of work. Methods included semi-structured interviews which captured the sentiments and understandings of employees within the organization, and a questionnaire which revealed sentiments and experiences from former employees. These were buttressed with participant observation engaged through a participatory action research methodology. Findings add to the work directed towards understanding the effect of Founder’s Syndrome within organizations. Additionally, this thesis contributes to a growing body of research centered on best practices for fostering positive organizational growth by creating lines of communication from front-line employees to management level employers.