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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

La "bonne vie" dans l'écriture du fabliau : aimer, boire et manger / Loving, Eating, Drinking : writing the « Good Life » in the Fabliau

Foscallo, Caroline 18 September 2010 (has links)
Aimer, boire et manger: c'est ainsi que se définit la « bonne vie » selon les fabliaux. L'idéal qui prévaut dans ces contes, profondément ancrés dans le monde matériel et centrés sur des préoccupations charnelles plutôt que spirituelles, est en effet celui la satisfaction des désirs corporels, de la recherche des plaisirs charnels et de la jouissance. L'alimentation, la boisson et la sexualité y sont si bien représentées que la bonne vie peut être envisagée comme un élément constitutif, voire un trait définitoire du fabliau. Omniprésente, elle se place incontestablement au carrefour d'un nombre important de problématiques et de traits caractéristiques du genre. Plus qu'un simple thème unificateur du corpus, elle a de véritables implications rhétoriques et stylistiques. Son écriture, qui se révèle stéréotypée et qui reste « en surface », traduit l'ancrage du fabliau dans le monde matériel, concret et quotidien et contribue à la construction de l'idéal de plaisir et de satisfaction immédiate, aisément accessible à l'ensemble des estats de la société, que véhiculent ces contes. Il existe ainsi une véritable « poétique de la bonne vie » dans les fabliaux. Toutefois, le monde qu'ils donnent à voir n'est pas exclusivement positif et joyeux et la mauvaise vie y a également sa place, en particulier au sein du système de valeurs propre au genre et fondé sur la recherche de l'équilibre et la morale de la compensation. Enfin, en apparaissant comme une autre voie possible qui s'inscrit, non pas en opposition, mais à côté de celles proposées par les genres contemporains, la bonne vie contribue à faire du fabliau un genre singulier au sein du paysage littéraire de l'époque. / Loving, eating, and drinking: that is how the fabliau defines “the good life”. The prevailing ideal of these tales, which are deeply rooted in the material world and preoccupied with the carnal instead of the spiritual, encompasses the search for sensual pleasures and the satisfaction of earthly desires. Ever-present, food, drink and sexuality are so well represented that the good life may be seen as an integral part of that which defines the fabliau. More than just a theme which unifies the corpus, its presence has definite rhetorical and stylistic implications. This writing of the good life, which uses stereotypes and thus remains on the descriptive surface of things, anchors the fabliau in the material world, in the concrete and the quotidian. It contributes to the creation of these tales’ hedonistic ideal, accessible to all levels of society, in which desires are immediately satisfied. The fabliaux thus transmit a veritable “poetics of the good life”. Nevertheless, the world these tales represent is not exclusively positive. A less joyful life also surfaces, especially as reflected in the genre’s value system, which seeks a balance between morality and compensation. As another possible path which runs not in opposition to but parallel to those offered by contemporary works, the good life helps to make the fabliau a singular genre at the heart of the period’s literary landscape.
112

Trilhas do sexo: discursos, corpos e sexualidade na cultura da mídia / Sex trails: discourses, bodys and sexualites in culture media

Matos, Fernando Ribeiro 24 August 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-03T21:34:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernando Ribeiro Matos - 2012.pdf: 962430 bytes, checksum: 0920b2fe2b082a9c0976026a8f676a0b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-03T21:34:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernando Ribeiro Matos - 2012.pdf: 962430 bytes, checksum: 0920b2fe2b082a9c0976026a8f676a0b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-03T21:34:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernando Ribeiro Matos - 2012.pdf: 962430 bytes, checksum: 0920b2fe2b082a9c0976026a8f676a0b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-24 / This search aims to understand the construction process of bodies and sexualities from the relationships established a net porno in the city of Goiania, GO – Brazil. The net porn is place to break with hetero-normative logic by offering pleasures that must be socially watched, but still does not break continuity with some established by sexual matrix. Thus, we seek to highlight the forms of representation that provide goers from the experiences that keep within the net porn. It is, therefore, to understand the intricacies of the construction of bodies and sexualities made possible from the sexual practices and consumption found on the net porn city. / Este trabalho busca compreender o processo de construção de corpos e sexualidades a partir das relações que se estabelecem na rede pornô na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás. A rede pornô rompe com a lógica heteronormativa ao oferecer prazeres que precisam ser vigiados socialmente, mas, ainda assim não rompe com algumas continuidades estabelecidas pela matriz sexual. Assim, busca-se evidenciar as formas de representação que os frequentadores dos locais para sexo da cidade estabelecem a partir das experiências que mantêm dentro da rede pornográfica. Trata-se, portanto, de perceber os meandros da construção de corpos e sexualidades possibilitados a partir das práticas sexuais e do consumo encontrados na rede pornô da cidade.
113

O cotidiano da produção de cuidados em saúde mental e a produção de prazer: uma cartografia / The routine of everyday work in mental health care giving and the production of pleasure: cartography

Wania Regina Veiga Martines 20 June 2011 (has links)
A pesquisa ocorreu no CAPS Perdizes, Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, localizado na cidade de São Paulo. Seu objetivo foi cartografar os possíveis territórios da produção de prazer no cotidiano da produção de cuidados em saúde mental, relacionados aos trabalhadores da equipe ampliada. O método da cartografia possibilitou a produção de dados, sob quatro modalidades: observação participante panorâmica, observação participante concentrada, entrevista individual com trabalhadores da equipe interdisciplinar e realização de grupo, para que os profissionais elaborassem o fluxograma analisador do processo de trabalho. Os referenciais teóricos utilizados foram: o campo psicossocial, a pós-modernidade e a cartografia. A discussão ocorreu sob a visualização de três territórios intercomunicantes: 1) o território do nomadismo da lógica do cuidado; 2) o território da confiança na equipe: o vibrar em comum, os agenciamentos e 3) o território do movimento: concretudes e sutilezas (e...e...e). Percebeu-se a existência de pulsações que percorrem tais territórios: as pulsações dos afetos e as pulsações dos des(enraizamentos). O mapa, como sistema acêntrico, diferente do decalque, teve múltiplas entradas e saídas, nas quais o prazer - satisfação e expressões semelhantes - puderam aparecer de forma marcante nas narrativas dos trabalhadores. Nestes territórios, a produção de subjetividades, como força central da produção de cuidados, é linha molar, uma verdadeira lei que impera no entre sujeitos, possibilitando o concreto da atenção psicossocial no cotidiano. É também linha molecular, que se desmancha e recompõe-se por meio de afetos mais ou menos desordenados, agenciamentos dos mais inusitados e focos de inventividade. Por fim, a produção de subjetividades transita por fluxos, escapando às linhas e ganhando característica libertária, para produzir vida. A intensidade que percorre os sujeitos é da ordem do prazer e da satisfação. Mas também do desconforto e do cansaço em tentar experimentar múltiplas vias, em interrogar e se deixar interrogar pelo coletivo, durante a produção de cuidados em saúde mental. Pertencer e estar implicado traz as intensidades conjugadas. O eixo combustãoalegria aparece muitas vezes, nas narrativas e nos gestos dos trabalhadores, principalmente associado ao uso da tecnologia leve, relacional. A unidade e unicidade evidenciaram-se no coletivo, como dimensões do cotidiano. Ora porque os trabalhadores mostram a consistência com que optam pela unidade do agir antimanicomial, ora porque se remetem à força de amparo e suporte que o coletivo representa, com sua natural unicidade (heterodoxia) de sujeitos e ações. Coletivo que sustenta um permanente, tenso e prazeroso lugar de negociações. A lógica do pensamento pós-moderno, de deslizamento da noção de identidade (sujeito) para a de identificação (atratitividade entre sujeitos) legitima a materialização do prazer como afeto, sensação ou dimensão, já que ele acontece, primordialmente, entre sujeitos! / The research was done at the Psychosocial Attention Center (CAPS) Perdizes, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The aim of this study was to map the possible territories that produce pleasure in the everyday work routine of mental health care providers, correlating the whole staff. The cartographic method was used for the data in four modalities: panoramic participant observation; focused participant observation; personal interviews with the interdisciplinary staff members; and group work, so that a flowchart showing the work process could be drawn. Psychosocial area, postmodernity and cartography were the theoretical references chosen for this study. The discussion was held over the observation of three interconnected territories: 1) the nomadism related to the logic of care; 2) team confidence, i.e.: common vibrations and the processes of negotiation; and 3) the in situ process and its concreteness and subtleties (andandand). Vibrations, such as affection and unrooting were observed in all territories. The map, as a coreless system, different from the tracing system, showed multiple entrances and exits. Pleasure, satisfaction and similar feelings were present in the staffs narratives in a remarkable way. In such territories, the production of subjectiveness, as the main characteristic of care giving, is imperative. It is a kind of law followed by the subjects, bringing about the concrete aspect of the psychosocial action in the everyday work routine. However, such subjectiveness may fall apart and be reset by means of disordered affections, unexpected negotiations and creativity. Consequently, subjectiveness flows in a varied way acquiring unique characteristics in order to produce life. The feelings that surround the subjects are usually pleasure and satisfaction. However, they may also feel discomfort and tiredness of trying multiple ways, of questioning their own practice or being questioned by the collective during the care giving in mental health. The sense of belonging or being implicated brings about both feelings at the same time. Tiredness and happiness all together are present in the staff narratives and gestures many times, especially when those feelings are related to contact with patients. Unity and uniqueness were evident in the collective as dimensions of the routine in everyday work, either because the staff shows consistence when choosing unity to act against the traditional mental health system or because they feel protected by the actions of the collective. Acting collectively represents its natural subjects uniqueness (heteroxy) and actions. Collectiveness maintains a permanent, tense and pleasant place for negotiations. The logic for postmodern thought in which the notion of identity (subject) may shift to identification (attractiveness among subjects), legitimizes the existence of pleasure as affection, feeling or dimension since it occurs primarily among subjects.
114

DISCURSOS SOBRE SEXUALIDADE EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIAS DE SÃO LUÍS-MA / SPEECHES ON SEXUALITY OF SÃO LUIS-MA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Rêgo, Adriana Sousa 29 November 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:16:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Sousa Rego.pdf: 680557 bytes, checksum: cb413b9f66e91c80f0e4cad27489d48b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-29 / Study about the sexuality in academical students of medium layers in São Luís. It is a descriptive study of qualitative approach that had the main objective to know the construction of the sexuality and specific objectives: to characterize socioeconomic the students interviewed, to identify the students' conceptions about sexuality and to investigate aspects related to the sexual and contraceptive practices. The information was collected among students of the courses of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy of Faculdade Santa Terezinha CEST from two research instruments: questionnaire and semi-structured interview. fifteen students were interviewed with ages between 19 and 25 years, with sexual active life, and thirteen pronounced to be unmarried women and two stable relationship. The collected information points to the conservative discursive reproduction. A differentiated paper of the family was observed in relation to the sexuality, where were differed the equalitarian model, the family silence model and the hierarchical model. The students' autonomy was identified through their initiatives as for the sexual practices, the meanings that attributed to the sexuality, as well as the domain of the sexual practices and the contraceptive choices. The sexuality was predominantly referred as sexual action, and, pleasure and orgasm were understood, by the students, as synonyms. / Estudo sobre a sexualidade em estudantes universitárias de camadas médias em São Luís. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa que teve como objetivo principal conhecer a construção da sexualidade e objetivos específicos: caracterizar socioeconômica as estudantes entrevistadas, identificar as concepções das estudantes sobre sexualidade e investigar aspectos relacionados às práticas sexuais e contraceptivas. As informações foram coletadas entre estudantes dos cursos de Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional da Faculdade Santa Terezinha CEST a partir de dois instrumentos de pesquisa: questionário e entrevista semi-estruturada. Foram entrevistadas quinze estudantes com idades entre 19 e 25 anos, com vida sexual ativa, sendo que treze se declararam solteiras e duas relacionamento estável. As informações coletadas apontam para a reprodução discursiva conservadora. Observou-se um papel diferenciado da família em relação à sexualidade, em que se diferenciaram os modelos igualitários, do silêncio familiar e o hierárquico. A autonomia das estudantes foi identificada através de suas iniciativas quanto às práticas sexuais, os significados que atribuíram à sexualidade, bem como o domínio das práticas sexuais e escolhas contraceptivas. A sexualidade foi predominantemente referida como ato sexual, e, prazer e orgasmo foram entendidos, pelas estudantes, como sinônimos.
115

“EU TENHO UM AMBIENTE MARAVILHOSO, MAS EU TENHO UM AMBIENTE ENORME DE INCERTEZAS”: prazer e sofrimento no trabalho no contexto das startups / "I HAVE A WONDERFUL ENVIRONMENT, BUT I HAVE AN ENVIRONMENT HUGE OF UNCERTAINTIES ": pleasure and suffering at work in the context of startups

OLIVEIRA, Heitor Natividade 22 May 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Daniella Santos (daniella.santos@ufma.br) on 2017-08-15T13:55:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Heitor Oliveira.pdf: 976535 bytes, checksum: 9bf6ecc566f352e09d5ba9a5d3d68782 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-15T13:55:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Heitor Oliveira.pdf: 976535 bytes, checksum: 9bf6ecc566f352e09d5ba9a5d3d68782 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-22 / It was investigated the pleasure-suffering dynamics on professionals’ daily labor who work at startups from São Luís, MA, by characterizing routine activities and labor relations in these companies, by identifying the elements that generate pleasure and/or suffering, and by analyzing the mediation strategies implemented by the workers in order to cope adversity. In order to do so, three companies with characteristics that allowed identifying them as startups were selected and semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven professionals acting in this field, which five were entrepreneurs or managers and two were workers. Psychodynamics of Work was used as theoretical reference, that recognizes the forms of work organization as core to the understanding of pleasure and suffering dynamic, situating them in the historical and social context in which they occur. Psychodynamics of Work also considers the possible destinies of suffering, whether its re-signification by the use of practical intelligence and subjective mobilization or illness due the exhaustion of defense strategies. The main sources of demonstrated satisfaction were the incentive to the use of creativity and innovation, enjoyable atmosphere and the recognition. However, there was an intensification of the contradictions of toyotist model, such as precarization of employment bonds, false freedom provided by technology and by flexibility of time and workplace. Unrestricted adherence to the purposes and ideals of the companies, evidenced by the terms alignment and engagement was also noted. The atmosphere of extreme uncertainty of startups and sensations caused by it such as insecurity, fear, stress and anxiety were especially highlighted. Defensive strategies used to deal with such consequences, such as the negation of work overload and the rationalization expressed by euphemizing of suffering were identified. Such defenses and others have been shared by all interviewees so frequently that they may be interpreted as a defensive ideology. Finally, the requirement level regarding to the profile of professionals, who need to present heroic contours to withstand the adversities of such conjuncture was observed. / Investigou-se a dinâmica prazer-sofrimento no cotidiano laboral de profissionais que trabalham em startups situadas em São Luís, MA, caracterizando-se as atividades rotineiras e as relações laborais nessas empresas, identificando-se os elementos geradores de prazer e/ou de sofrimento e analisando-se as estratégias de mediação implementadas pelos trabalhadores para o enfrentamento das adversidades. Para tanto, foram selecionadas três empresas com características que permitissem identificá-las como startups e foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete profissionais atuantes nelas, dos quais cinco eram empreendedores ou gestores e dois eram trabalhadores. O referencial teórico utilizado foi o da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, que reconhece as formas de organização do trabalho como nucleares para a compreensão da dinâmica prazer e sofrimento, situando-as no contexto histórico e social em que se produzem. Ela considera também os possíveis destinos do sofrimento, seja sua ressignificação através do uso da inteligência prática e da mobilização subjetiva, seja o adoecimento por conta do esgotamento das estratégias de defesa. As principais fontes de satisfação demonstradas foram o estímulo ao uso da criatividade e da inovação, o clima de descontração e o reconhecimento. Percebeu-se, porém, uma intensificação das contradições do modelo toyotista, como a precarização dos vínculos empregatícios, a falsa liberdade proporcionada pela tecnologia e pela flexibilidade de horário e local de trabalho. Constatou-se ainda uma adesão irrestrita aos propósitos e ideais das empresas, evidenciada pelos termos alinhamento e engajamento. Destacou-se sobremaneira o ambiente de extrema incerteza próprio das startups, e as sensações dele decorrentes, como insegurança, medo, estresse e ansiedade. Identificou-se então as estratégias defensivas utilizadas para lidar com tais consequências, como a negação quanto à sobrecarga de trabalho e a racionalização expressa pela eufemização do sofrimento. Essas e outras defesas mostraram-se partilhadas por todos de forma tão freqüente que permitem interpretá-las como uma ideologia defensiva. Por fim, observou-se o nível de exigência em relação ao perfil dos profissionais, que precisam apresentar contornos heróicos para suportar as adversidades de tal conjuntura.
116

O lugar do prazer na filosofia moral de Platão / The place of Pleasure in Platos moral philosophy

Paula, Henrique Gonçalves de 31 March 2016 (has links)
Um dos caminhos possíveis para compreendermos os objetivos gerais da obra platônica é tomarmos como guia de leitura dos diálogos as várias investidas de Platão em responder-nos a seguinte questão crucial: de que modo devemos viver? Os diversos discursos produzidos nos diálogos como possíveis respostas a tal questão são colocados na boca dos personagens que melhor os representariam paradigmaticamente. Assim, Sócrates é tornado nos diálogos platônicos o modelo máximo de virtude, verdadeira encarnação do que podemos propriamente chamar, segundo Platão, de vida filosófica. O intento de Platão consiste em mostrar, diante das alternativas, que a vida filosófica se impõe como a mais satisfatória possível. Deste modo, a pergunta crucial da ética platônica a respeito do gênero de existência ao qual é digno nos consagrarmos exige de Platão a investigação da natureza de noções éticas fundamentais como o bem, a eÙdaimona e o prazer. Alguns textos desenvolvem a articulação de tais conceitos de maneira mais explícita e decisiva como é o caso do Protágoras, do Górgias, do Fédon da República e do Filebo. Nestas obras podemos observar como a posição de Platão com relação a sua concepção geral de eÙdaimona e o lugar que o prazer nela ocupa desenvolve-se na mesma medida em que sua noção da natureza do bem é paulatinamente construída, tornando-se mais precisa. O objetivo de nosso trabalho é investigar o modo como Platão articula estes conceitos nos diálogos mencionados, e outros relevantes, com especial atenção à posição atribuída ao prazer em nossa vida moral. Deste modo, nosso tema de reflexão é o lugar do prazer na Filosofia Moral de Platão. / One way to understand the main goals of platonic philosophy is to take as a reading guide Platos many attempts to answer the crucial question,How should we live?, in his dialogues. The different discourses produced in the dialogues as possible answers to this question are put in the mouth of the characters that best represent them paradigmatically. Thus, Socrates is shown in the platonic dialogues as the best model of virtue, the true personification of what we may call, according to Plato, the philosophical life. Platos intent is to show that the philosophical life is, of all alternatives, the ideal satisfactory life. Therefore, the crucial question of platonic ethics about the worthiest genre of life demands from Plato a research on the nature of basic ethical concepts such as the good, eÙdaimona and pleasure. Some texts articulate these concepts in a more explicit and decisive way, namely the Protagoras, the Gorgias, the Phaedo, the Republic and the Philebus. In these works we can see how Platos position to his general conception of eÙdaimona, and the place of plesure in it, develops at the same time as his notion of the nature of good is gradually constructed, becoming more acurate. The goal of our work is to investigate how Plato articulates these concepts in the forementioned dialogues, and others that are relevant, with a special focus on the place attributed to plesaure in our moral life. In conclusion, our subject of reflexion is the place of pleasure in Platos Moral Philosophy.
117

Sofrimento e prazer no trabalho artístico em dança / Suffering and pleasure in artistic dance work

Segnini, Marina Petrilli 20 August 2010 (has links)
O objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar a relação entre o trabalhador bailarino e a organização do trabalho em dança fundamentando-se na teoria da psicodinâmica do trabalho. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso do Balé da Cidade de São Paulo (BCSP), companhia de dança pública, vinculada ao Theatro Municipal de São Paulo. Os procedimentos de pesquisa utilizados foram entrevistas individuais, observação do processo de trabalho e análise documental e bibliográfica. As análises realizadas em psicodinâmica do trabalho têm como objetivo compreender as implicações da relação trabalho-sujeito para a saúde mental do trabalhador. A teoria referida elaborou categorias analíticas que permitem a análise da relação dinâmica entre sofrimento e prazer no trabalho. As categorias analíticas da psicodinâmica do trabalho relevantes nesta análise foram a inteligência astuciosa no trabalho, as relações de cooperação e confiança no trabalho e as estratégias coletivas de defesa / The objective of this master dissertation was to analyse the relation between dancer worker and the dances work organization based on psychodynamique of work theory. For this, was developed a study case about Balé da Cidade de São Paulo (BCSP), public dance company, which belongs to Theatro Municipal de São Paulo (city theater). The research procedures were individual interviews, work process observation and documental and bibliography analysis. The analysis in psychodynamique of work field has, as main objective, understand the implications of the relation work-individual on workers mental health. This theory developed analytical categories which enable to understand the dynamical relation of pleasure and suffering at work. The analytical categories from psychodynamique of work were relevant in this research were cunning intelligence, cooperation and confidence relation on work and collective strategies of defense
118

“It's More Important That I Serve Someone Else's Needs. Or That I Just Don't Become the Problem”: Emerging Adult Women on Sexual Communication

January 2019 (has links)
abstract: Sexual satisfaction has been positively linked to both individual and relational wellbeing (Christopher & Sprecher, 2000; Davison, Bell, LaChina, Holden, & Davis, 2009). Further, sexual communication has demonstrated positive impacts on sexual satisfaction (Byers, 2005); yet, research by MacNeil and Byers (2009) found that most people in romantic relationships do not share their sexual preferences with their partner. According to Tolman (2002), women seem to be especially reluctant to communicate sexually, due to the particular societal restrictions placed on expressions of female sexuality and desire. This study aims to understand how emerging adult women communicate with their sexual partners in order to increase pleasure, what barriers exist to sexual communication for these women, and how gendered social norms are expressed in the process. Based on interviews with 19 women between the ages of 20-29, the findings of this study suggest that emerging women often place more weight on social expectations of appropriate female sexual expression than relational context when choosing whether or not and/or how to sexually self-disclose. Further, the women in this study were at varying stages of renegotiating their internalization of the prioritization of male sexual pleasure over female pleasure. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Communication Studies 2019
119

A ética do prazer de Lorenzo Valla / The Ethics of Pleasure of Lorenzo Valla

Adami, Ana Letícia 02 July 2019 (has links)
O presente trabalho de doutorado tem por objetivo expor e comentar a tese do prazer (voluptas, em latim, edoné, em grego) como o sumo bem (summum bonum), conforme a defesa do humanista romano Lorenzo Valla (1407-1457), inscrita no seu diálogo De Voluptate (Do Prazer), publicado pela primeira vez em 1431. Nesta obra, que foi alvo de inúmeras polêmicas entre pensadores humanistas e escolásticos de seu tempo, a Europa do Renascimento, Valla propõe um debate entre um representante estoico e um epicurista acerca da questão sobre o fim último que dirige nossas ações, dito também o sumo bem. Como representante do partido da virtude ou do honesto (o honestum ou a honestas), o estoico, Valla escolhe ninguém menos do que um dos maiores representantes do republicanismo italiano do renascimento, o chanceler de Florença Leonardo Bruni (1370-1444). Do lado oposto, como representante do partido do prazer (a voluptas), isto é, o epicurista, ele escolhe ninguém menos do que o autor do primeiro volume de epigramas satíricos da Renascença, o poeta panormitano Antonio Beccadelli (1394-1471). Através desse debate, Valla procura rebater as críticas feitas por escolásticos e humanistas ao modelo de vida epicurista, pejorativamente chamado por seus detratores de vida dos agricultores ou rústicos, por oposição ao modelo de vida estoico do homem de negócios públicos, compromissado com deveres (officia) muito elevados, pois que visam a proteção e glória de sua cidade. / The purpose of this dissertation is to expose and comment on the thesis of pleasure (voluptas, in Latin, edoné, in Greek) as the highest good (summum bonum), according to the Roman humanist Lorenzo Valla\' defense (1407-1457) inscribed in his dialogue De Voluptate (On Pleasure), published for the first time in 1431. In this work, which was the subject of numerous controversies between humanists and other scholastics of his time in Renaissance Europe, Valla proposes a debate between a Stoic representative and an Epicurean on the question about the ultimate end that directs our actions, also said the highest good. As a representative of the party of virtue or of the honest (honestum or honestas), that is to say, the Stoic, he chooses no one but one of the greatest representatives of the Italian republicanism of the Renaissance, the chancellor of Florence, Leonardo Bruni (1370-1444). On the opposite side, as the representative of the pleasure party (voluptas), that is, the Epicurean, he chooses no one but the author of the first volume of satirical epigrams of the Renaissance, the panormitan poet, Antonio Beccadelli (1394-1471). Through this debate, Valla seeks to counter scholastic and humanist criticisms of the \"epicurean\" model of life, pejoratively called life of \"farmers or rustics\" by his detractors, as opposed to the \"stoic\" model of public business man, committed to very high duties (officia), as they seek the protection and glory to his city.
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The aesthetic pleasures of pain, 1688-1805

Roma Stoll, Rebecca Evonne 01 May 2015 (has links)
My dissertation examines how representations of physical and mental suffering in literary texts reveal paradoxes in the structure of sympathy that remain under-explored by literary scholars. In the philosophical thought of Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume, and Smith, sympathy was a feature of the "moral sense," an aesthetic intuition that, with proper training, could compel individuals to act ethically in society. However, because sympathy allowed individuals to feel the experiences of others, not just through the imagination, but in connection with the body itself, the motivation for sympathizing with pain presented a significant problem for Enlightenment philosophy. Largely divested of its religious contexts, pain was increasingly classified as a mechanism that registered distress or pathology in the body, and as an experience that human beings instinctively avoid. Terry Eagleton, Adela Pinch, and G. J. Barker-Benfield, among others, have analyzed sympathy and the culture of sentimentality in terms of their moral relativism, derivative emotionality, and regulatory influence on gendered behavior and social norms. My dissertation makes a needed contribution to the field by focusing on the ways pain reveals structural contradictions in sympathy's claim to penetrate the boundaries of subjective experience, an experience that was becoming "buffered"-- to use Charles Taylor's term -- from the influence of others. Each chapter of my dissertation positions a landmark text--Aphra Behn's Oroonoko (1688), Samuel Richardson's Clarissa (1748), Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774), and William Wordsworth's The Prelude (1805) -- within the context of Enlightenment moral sense philosophy to highlight the intentional and unintentional ways literary authors modified philosophical formulations of sympathy to create the ethically complex pleasure of sympathizing with the pain of others. Because the concepts of pain and subjectivity were taking on modern shapes in these texts, literary critics must reconsider how ethical claims were made by the aesthetic practice of connecting representations of pain with the pleasure of sympathizing. Globalized media are bringing increasingly distant experiences of pain to our attention in increasingly intimate ways. These technologies can be invaluable for promoting a sense of social responsibility for the pain of even the most distant others, but only if we hold ourselves accountable for how and why we look.

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