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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

Opioid Use and Safety in United States Nursing Homes

Hunnicutt, Jacob N. 29 March 2018 (has links)
Background: Opioids are often used in nursing homes to manage non-malignant pain, but little is known about their long-term use, initiation, and comparative safety. Methods: We used the Minimum Data Set 3.0 from 2011-2013 merged to Medicare and facility characteristics data to study opioid use and safety among older, long-stay residents. The specific aims were to examine the 1) prevalence of long-term opioid use; 2) geographic variation in the initiation of commonly used opioids (oxycodone, hydrocodone, tramadol); and 3) comparative safety of commonly used opioids and fracture hospitalizations. Results: One in seven long-stay residents were prescribed opioids long-term. There was extensive geographic variation in the initiation of commonly used opioids, with oxycodone (9.4%) initiated less frequently than hydrocodone (56.2%) or tramadol (34.5%) but varying most extensively across the United States, with the majority of variation in prescribing explained by state of residence. Compared to hydrocodone initiators (7.9 fracture hospitalizations per 100-person years), those initiating tramadol had lower rates of fracture hospitalizations (subdistribution hazard ratio [HRSD] = 0.67, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.56-0.80), whereas oxycodone initiators had similar rates of fracture hospitalizations (HRSD=1.08, 95% CI: 0.79-1.48). Conclusion: The prevalence of long-term opioid use was twice as common in nursing homes as community settings, with initiation patterns varying extensively by region and being strongly driven by state of residence. Although initiating tramadol was associated with lower rates of fractures than hydrocodone, questions on opioid risks and benefits remain and are especially pertinent given the high mortality rates in this population.
242

Patienters upplevelser av att leva med långvarig smärta - en litteraturstudie. / Patients experiences of living with chronic pain - a literature study.

Tafvelin, Saga, Koppari, Therese January 2020 (has links)
Syfte: Att belysa patienters upplevelser av att leva med långvarig smärta. Bakgrund: Smärta är den vanligaste orsaken till att personer söker vård. Det är ett tillstånd som är kopplat till låg livskvalité och det är vanligt att vuxna individer lever med smärta under en längre tid. Det påverkar alla delar av en fungerande hälsorelaterad vardag. Metod: Litteraturstudien har genomförts baserat på åtta kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. De inkluderade artiklarna hittades på PubMed och CINAHL. Dessa har kvalitetgranskats, analyserats och slutligen sammanställts. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier och åtta tillhörande underkategorier. Kategorierna är följande: Försämrad livskvalitet, Strategier för att hantera smärtan och Viktigt med stöd från omgivningen. Konklusion: Att leva med långvarig smärta bidrar till en försämrad livsvalité. Egna strategier behövs för att hantera smärtan, men det är också viktigt med stöd från omgivning och sjukvård. Litteraturstudien har betydelse för sjuksköterskan genom att öka förståelse för patienters uppleveser och därigenom också möjlighet att förbättra omvårdnaden. / Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients´ experiences of living with chronic pain. Background: Pain is the most common cause of people seeking care. It is a condition that is linked to low quality of life and it is common for adult individuals to suffer with pain for a long period of time. It affects all parts of a functioning health-related daily life. Methods: A literature study was conducted, based on eight qualitative scientific articles. The included articles were found on PubMed and CINAHL. These have been reviewed regarding quality, analyzed and finally complied. Result: The analysis resulted in three categories and eight associated subcategories. The categories that were formed were: Deteriorated quality of life, Strategies to manage pain and Support from others is important. Conclusion: Living with chronic pain contributes to a deteriorating quality of life. Own strategies are needed to manage the pain, but support from the surrounding and healthcare is also important. This literature study may have importance for nurses to increase the understanding of patient's experiences and consequently also the opportunity to improve their care.
243

Evaluation of a Tiered Opioid Prescribing Guideline for Inpatient Colorectal Operations

Meyer, David C. 30 April 2020 (has links)
Background: In light of the opioid epidemic, reducing excess prescription quantities while tailoring to patient need is key. We previously created an opioid prescribing guideline using retrospective institutional data to satisfy the majority of patients’ opioid needs following inpatient colorectal surgery. Objective: This study sought to prospectively validate an institutional prescribing guideline based on previously-defined opioid consumption patterns following inpatient colorectal operations. Methods: We carried out a cohort study comparing opioid prescribing and consumption patterns before (7/18 – 1/19) and after (9/19 – 2/20) adoption of a tiered opioid prescribing guideline for inpatient elective colorectal operations (colectomies, proctectomies, and ostomy reversals) at a single tertiary care medical center. Opioid use was quantified as Equianalgesic 5mg Oxycodone Pills (EOP), and patients were grouped in three tiers based on opioid consumption in the 24-hours prior to discharge: Tier 1 (0 EOP), Tier 2 (0.1-3 EOP), and Tier 3 (>3 EOP). Our guideline recommended maximum prescriptions of 0 EOP for Tier 1, 12 EOP for Tier 2, and 30 EOP for Tier 3. Results: The study included 100 patients before and 101 after guideline adoption. Demographic and operative variables were similar before and after guideline adoption. Guideline adherence was 85%. Overall, there was a 41% reduction in mean prescription quantity and 53% reduction in excess pills per prescription with no change in opioid consumption or refill rates. Conclusion: Adoption of a tiered opioid prescribing guideline significantly reduced opioid prescription quantity with no change in consumption or refill rates. Standardization of discharge prescriptions based on patient consumption in the 24 hours prior to discharge may be an important step towards minimizing excess prescribing.
244

Patienters upplevelse av smärtlindring vid akut smärta : en litteraturöversikt / Patients' experience of pain relief for acute pain : a literature review

Yakoub, Reem, Carlsson, Elin January 2023 (has links)
Att omhänderta patienter med akuta smärtor kan vara en utmaning för sjuksköterskor då detta ställer krav på god kunskap och förståelse över det individuella behovet av smärtlindring. För att säkerställa en god smärtlindring behöver sjuksköterskor ta hänsyn till patientens subjektiva upplevelse av smärta jämsides med vitalparametrar och allmänt hälsotillstånd. Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av smärtlindring vid akuta smärtor inom prehospital akutsjukvård. Metoden som användes följer en litteraturöversikt med systematisk ansats. Litteraturöversikten innehåller både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Totalt har 9 vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderats och analyserats utifrån en integrerad innehållsanalys. I resultatet framkom två huvudkategorier utifrån fyra underkategorier. De två huvudkategorierna benämndes; att bli sedd som patient och att få smärtlindring. Underkategorierna var; vikten av kommunikation, känsla av delaktighet, rädsla för läkemedelsbiverkan och svårigheter att förstå smärtbedömning. Patienterna uttryckte att delaktighet i form av att bli sedd och bekräftad samt involverad i sin vård och behandling främjade upplevelsen av smärtlindring. När sjuksköterskan såg till hela patienten, inte enbart behandlade de fysiska symtomen utan även tog hänsyn till den känslomässiga delen upplevde patienterna trygghet och tillit. Icke farmakologiska åtgärder såsom trygghet, positionering och såromläggningar kunde användas som alternativ till smärtlindring. Slutsatsen var att patienterna uttryckte att en lyckad smärtlindring bland annat innefattade delaktighet och ömsesidig kommunikation mellan patient och sjuksköterska. Genom att ta hänsyn till patienters upplevelse av akuta smärtor samt de känslomässiga aspekterna vid akuta smärtor kunde hälsa och välbefinnande främjas. / Caring for patients with acute pain can be a challenge for nurses as this requires good knowledge and understanding of the individual need for pain relief. To perform good pain relief, nurses need to take into consideration the patients' subjective experience of pain alongside vital parameters and general health. The aim was to describe patients' experience of pain relief for acute pain in prehospital emergency care. The method used follows a literature review with systematic approaches. The literature review contains both qualitative and quantitative articles from the databases PubMed and CINAHL. A total of 9 scientific articles have been included and analyzed based on an integrated content analysis. The results revealed two main categories of which four subcategories. The two main categories were: to be seen as a patient and to receive pain relief. The subcategories were: the importance of communication, sense of participation, fear of medication side effects and difficulty understanding pain assessment. The patients expressed that participation in the form of being seen and confirmed and involved in their own care and treatment promoted the experience of pain relief. When the nurse looked at the whole patient, not only treating the physical symptoms but also took into consideration the emotional part, the patients experienced safety and trust. Non-pharmacological measures such as safety, positioning and wound dressings could be used as alternatives to pain relief. The conclusion was that the patients expressed that successful pain relief includes, among other things, participation and mutual communication between patient and nurse. By taking into consideration the patients' experience of acute pain and the emotional aspects of acute pain, health and well-being could be promoted.
245

Systematic Literature Review of Cognitive Behavioral Treatments for Patients with Classical, Secondary, and Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia

Herzog, Linnea B 01 January 2020 (has links)
Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful neuralgia with a complicated pathology that is not clearly understood. Due to the ambiguity of the condition, patients often have to search for medical providers that specialize in trigeminal neuralgia, and even with the guidance of a specialist, some patients do not respond well to treatment.1 Despite the uncertainty surrounding the specifics of the disease, there are treatments available that can provide some level of pain relief for patients suffering from this disorder. When a patient does not respond well to medical therapy, surgery can be the next appropriate step in patient care management.2 However, while surgery can provide significant pain relief for patients who qualify, non-surgical treatments are needed during the interim, in the event of relapse, or for individuals who do not qualify for surgery. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a well-researched treatment for chronic pain resulting from various diseases and disabilities.3 A systematic literature review was performed to identify if CBT decreases pain and improves the quality of life for patients diagnosed with classical, secondary, or idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. More research is needed, but there is promising evidence in the literature that cognitive behavioral therapy can be useful for patients with trigeminal neuralgia to help them cope with their pain. In addition, there may be evidence that, while somewhat effective alone, cognitive behavioral therapy may be more effective in conjunction with another treatment such as medication. These results are encouraging for patients suffering with the chronic pain of trigeminal neuralgia, and future studies should further investigate the benefits of cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with trigeminal neuralgia.
246

Preoperativ information och postoperativ smärta

Bengtsson, Agneta, Osbeck, Anna January 2010 (has links)
Trots likartade operativa ingrepp upplever vi att det kan skilja mycket mellan behovet av smärtlindring postoperativt. Kanske erhåller patienten otillräcklig preoperativ information vilket skulle kunna resultera i onödig oro, som i sin tur kan påverka den postoperativa smärtupplevelsen. Målsättningen med den postoperativa smärtbehandlingen bör vara att förebygga smärtan snarare än att lindra den. Det är viktigt att förhindra att postoperativ smärta uppstår överhuvudtaget vilket medför minskad risk för uppkomst av kroniska smärtsyndrom. En förberedd och välinformerad patient kan hantera den postoperativa situationen bättre. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka forskning om sambandet mellan preoperativ information till patienten och patientens upplevelse av postoperativ smärta. Sammanställningen av 10 vetenskapliga och kvalitetsgranskade artiklar resulterade i en analys där fem olika kategorier kunde urskiljas. Resultatet visade att preoperativ information ledde till minskad postoperativ smärta men andra vinster kunde också identifieras. Andra vinster var minskad oro, ökad rörlighet och en känsla av bättre preoperativ förberedelse. Vid snabbare mobilisering sågs ett samband med tidigare hemgång. Inför utskrivning efterfrågades mer information för att hantera smärta och eventuella komplikationer. Dessutom visade resultatet att patienten önskade mer information om vem som skulle kontaktas vid eventuella frågor eller komplikationer. I takt med att ett förändrat informationssamhälle utvecklas, kommer sannolikt nya informationsmetoder att behövas. / Despite similar surgical procedures, it is our experience that it may differ greatly between the need for postoperative pain relief. Perhaps the patients receive inadequate preoperative information, which could result in unnecessary anxiety, which in turn may affect the postoperative pain experience. The aim of the postoperative pain treatment should be to prevent the pain rather than alleviating it. It is important to prevent postoperative pain in general, result in reduced occurrence of chronic pain syndromes. A well prepared and informed patient can manage the postoperative situation better. The aim of this study was to examine research on the relationship between preoperative patient information and patient experience of postoperative pain. The compilation of 10 scientific and peer-reviewed articles resulted in an analysis in which five different categories could be discerned. The results showed that preoperative education led to reduced postoperative pain, but other gains were also identified. Other benefits were reduced anxiety, increased mobility and a sense of being better preoperative prepared. The rapid mobilization was associated with earlier discharge. Before leaving hospital, patients requested more information to manage pain and possible complications. In addition, results showed that the patient wanted more information about who should be contacted with any questions or complications. As a changing information society develops, new methods of information will likely be needed in practice.
247

Komplementära smärtlindringsmetoder i palliativ vård. En litteraturstudie

Lagström, Annika, Sköld, Cecilia January 2007 (has links)
Intresset för komplementära smärtlindringsmetoder växer, både hos sjukvårdspersonal och hos patienter. Idag finns det en stark trend mot mer skonsamma alternativa behandlingsmetoder, framförallt vid kroniska sjukdomar där allvarliga biverkningar av konventionell läkemedelsterapi är stor. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka smärtlindringsmetoder som sjuksköterskan kan använda sig av inom palliativ vård och dess effekter. Studien bygger på elva vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet gav flera olika behandlingsmetoder som kategoriserades under tre rubriker: distansbehandlingar, manuella behandlingar samt fysikaliska behandlingar. Samtliga behandlingsmetoder kan utövas av sjuksköterskan. Komplementära metoder behövs för att på bästa sätt kunna möta patienten på både det fysiska, psykologiska, sociala och existentiella planet behövs. De presenterade komplementära metoderna har visat sig ofarliga och kan även vara kostnadseffektiva om de används rätt. / The interest for complementary methods for pain relief is increasing among professionals as well as patients. Today, there is a strong trend towards more merciful complementary therapies, above all at chronical diseases where serious adverse effects from conventional medical therapy are substantial. The purpose with the study is to investigate which complementary pain relieving methods a nurse can use within palliative care and also the effects of the treatments. The study consisted of eleven scientific articles. Several different treatment methods were categorized into three main headings: distant treatments, manual treatments and physical treatments. All of these methods of treatment can be used by the nurse. Complementary methods are needed in the treatment of palliative patients in order to meet he patient in both the physical, psychological, social and existential level. The complementary methods that has been presented are safe to use and they also have the potential to be cost effective if implemented correctly.
248

KUNSKAPER OM OCH ERFARENHETER AV INTRAVENÖS SMÄRTBEHANDLING, en empirisk enkätstudie om sjuksköterskors upplevelser

Sawicki, Lucy, Ericsson, Louise January 2007 (has links)
En del av sjuksköterskans grundläggande arbete är att identifiera olika faktorer som kan påverka patienters upplevelse av smärta och smärtuttryck. För att en sjuksköterska skall kunna se en balans mellan effekt och biverkningar samt använda sig av nödvändig övervakning av smärtlindringen behövs kunskap. Föreliggande studies syfte var att belysa hur sjuksköterskor upplever sina kunskaper om och erfarenheter av intravenös smärtbehandling. I studien besvarade 35 sjuksköterskor arbetande på kirurgiska vårdavdelningar på ett sjukhus i södra Sverige, en enkät med såväl öppna som slutna frågor. De öppna frågorna analyserades med hjälp av manifest innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av sjuksköterskorna upplevde att de hade tillräckliga kunskaper i att administrera intravenös smärtbehandling. Erfarenhet och utbildning var de främsta påstående sjuksköterskorna beskrev. Både som något de hade men även något som sjuksköterskorna vill ha mer av för att känna sig säkrare i sin roll som sjuksköterskor när det gällde att behandla smärta hos patienter. Även att fördjupa och få uppdaterad kunskaper om till exempel olika läkemedel var något majoriteten av sjuksköterskorna önskade. Cirka 59 procent av sjuksköterskorna administrerade mellan 1-10 procent av smärtbehandlingen som intravenös smärtbehandling. De flesta av sjuksköterskornas kunskaper grundade sig på praktisk tillämpning. / A part of the nurse’s fundamental work is to identify different factors which can affect the patient’s experience of pain and pain expression. If a nurse should be able to see a balance between the effects, the side-effects and use necessary supervision of the pain management, she needs knowledge. The aim of this study was to illuminate how nurse’s feel about their knowledge and experience of intravenous pain management. A questionnaire with both closed-ended and open-ended questions was applied as a method. The nurses were working at some of the surgery wards at a hospital in the south of Sweden. It was 35 nurses who answered the questionnaire. When analysing the open-ended questions the writers used manifest content analysis. The result showed that the majority of the nurse’s thought that they had enough knowledge to administering intravenous pain management. Having experience and education were the most common answer that the nurses gave. It was both something that they had but also something they wanted more of. Than they could be more secure in their role as nurses, when they treated patients with pain. The majority of the nurses wanted also to have a deeper and updated knowledge in different medicines. About 59 percent of the nurse’s administrates between 1-10 percent intravenous pain management. Most of the nurse’s knowledge was based on practical application.
249

Attrition, Translation, and Failure in Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation

Mintz, Laura Janine 23 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
250

PATIENTERS ERFARENHETER AV CANCERSMÄRTA : En litteraturöversikt

Caro Valenzuela, Sofia, Mora Araya, Daniela January 2021 (has links)
Bakgrund: Cancer inbegriper komplexa och problematiska sjukdomar. Forskning visar att patienter med cancersjukdom inte alltid får en effektiv smärtbehandling, vilket kan leda till att patienter blir underbehandlade. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av smärta vid cancersjukdom. Metod: En kvalitativ systematisk litteraturöversikt där 14 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades enligt Evans metod. Resultatet: I resultatet framkom två teman och fyra subteman. Första temat var Existentiell hantering med subteman: Att möta cancersmärtor och Att erfara fysisk och emotionell smärta. Patienterna hade olika uppfattningar och förväntningar på cancersjukdom. Andra temat var Rationella utmaningar med subteman: Att använda tillgängliga resurser och Att kommunicera sin smärta. Patienterna kunde ha svårigheter med att beskriva smärtan de erfor, detta kunde resultera till underbehandling av smärtan. Slutsats: För att leva med cancerrelaterad smärta krävdes det att hitta acceptans för sin cancersjukdom. Patienter med cancer är i behov av stöd från omgivningen för att både kunna hantera och leva med smärtan. Det behövs mer kunskap kring cancersmärta. Patienterna erfor sig hjälplösa och detta kunde försvåra omvårdnaden då patienterna inte kunde beskriva precist vad de erfar, vilket kunde leda till att patienterna blir underbehandlade. / Background: Cancer involves complex and problematic diseases. Research shows that patients with cancer do not always receive effective pain treatment, which can lead to the patient being undertreated. Aim: The aim was to describe patients experiences of pain in cancer. Method: A qualitative systematic literature review in which 14 scientific articles were analyzed according to Evans method. Results: In the result, two themes and four subthemes emerged. The first theme was Existential coping with sub-themes: Meeting the cancerpain and Experiencing physical and emotional pain. Patients had different perceptions and expectations of cancer. The second theme was Rational Challenges with sub-themes: Using available resources and Communicating one's pain. Patients sometimes had difficulty describing the pain they experienced, this could result in undertreatment of the pain. Conclusion: To live with cancer-related pain requires acceptance for their cancer. Patients with cancer need support from the environment to be able to manage and live with cancer pain. More knowledge is needed about cancer pain. The patients felt helpless and this could make nursing more difficult as the patients could not describe exactly what they were experiencing, which could lead to the patients being undertreated.

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