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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

A sustentabilidade em questão: paradigma ou matriz discursiva? / The sustainability in question: paradigm or discourse matrix?

Gustavo da Costa Meyer 14 October 2015 (has links)
Tendo como base contextual a crise ambiental contemporânea, a qual tem características de crise civilizatória, este trabalho teve como principal objetivo colocar em debate a noção de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (DS), visto que este importante conceito foi politicamente construído e consensuado de forma a ser a principal resposta para a questão ambiental. Dessa maneira, dado que a crise ambiental pede a emergência de um novo paradigma (o qual supere o chamado paradigma da simplificação), que leve em consideração uma mudança de cunho cognitivo, e compreenda o espaço em sua dinâmica de produção e reprodução da vida e em suas múltiplas territorialidades, esta pesquisa buscou analisar a possível constituição da sustentabilidade como este paradigma complexo, ou, ao contrário, se tal noção se resume a uma matriz discursiva que, como tal, obscurece as principais questões que deveriam ser consideradas por um paradigma da complexidade com um, conseqüente, novo aporte teórico-metodológico. Nesse sentido, o caminho metodológico traçado incluiu a discussão das diferentes concepções acerca das noções de matriz discursiva e paradigma, relacionando-se, posteriormente, tais temáticas com a questão ambiental e com a noção de DS em si, em seu viés político e científico. Apesar de dúvidas permanecerem, se considerou que a sustentabilidade parece, realmente, se apresentar muito mais como uma matriz discursiva do que como um paradigma, integrando uma matriz discursiva do meio ambiente. Assim, se pode apontar que o DS se encontra delimitado em um campo institucional específico, com pesquisas e políticas públicas orientadas e influenciadas pelos agentes determinantes hegemônicos de tal campo, como o Banco Mundial, por exemplo. Estes, de acordo com determinada visão de desenvolvimento (como sinônimo de crescimento econômico e se utilizando do viés da economia neoclássica) e da problemática ambiental (relegada a uma questão de gestão ou planejamento ambiental adequado, sem maiores entendimentos com relação a dinâmica territorial em sua totalidade) influenciam os discursos que devem permear o campo ambiental, pautando, inclusive, o conhecimento científico. A noção de DS colocada desta forma não representa, assim, qualquer ruptura com o paradigma da simplificação, sendo apenas uma matriz discursiva que encobre (e desenvolve na prática) o núcleo de tal paradigma, influenciando a práxis dos diversos agentes sociais presentes nos territórios. Como possíveis rupturas com a matriz discursiva do meio ambiente, se procurou apresentar e discutir, também, duas linhas de pensamento, ou coletivos do pensamento, que se apresentam como possíveis novos aportes teórico-metodológicos, condizentes, talvez, com um paradigma da complexidade que leve em conta, principalmente, as noções de totalidade e de complexidade ambiental / With the contextual basis the contemporary environmental crisis, which has characteristics of civilizing crisis, this work aimed to put in discussion the idea of Sustainable Development (SD); following that, this important concept has been politically built and conceived in order to be the main answer to this environmental issue. Therefore, since the environmental crisis asks for the emergence of a new paradigm (which exceeds the so-called paradigm of simplification), that takes into account a change of cognitive mark and take in the space in its dynamics of production and reproduction of life and in their multiple territories. This research sought to check over the possible formation of sustainability as this complex paradigm, or, oppositely, if such notion comes down to a discursive matrix that, as such obscures the mains issues that should be considered by a paradigm of complexity and, consequently, new theoretical and methodological support. In this sense, the trace of methodological approach included the discussion of different conceptions about the notions of discourse and paradigm matrix, relating subsequently such topics to environmental issues and the notion of SD itself in its political and scientific bias. Although doubts remain, it was taken into account that the sustainability seems to really perform much more as a discursive matrix than a paradigm, which integrates a discursive matrix of the environment. Consequently, one can point that the SD is found in a limited specific institutional field, with research and policy oriented and influenced by hegemonic determinant agents of such a field, such as the World Bank, for instance. These, according to certain development vision (as a synonym for economic growth and using the bias of neoclassical economics) and environmental issues (relegated to a management issue or appropriate environmental planning, without further understandings with respect to territorial dynamics in your all) influence the discourses that should pass through the environmental field, guiding even scientific knowledge. The notion of SD placed in this way does not represent, so any break with the paradigm of simplification, just being a discursive matrix that covers (and develops in practice) the core of such paradigm, which influences the practice of various social agents present in the territories. Considering as possible disruptions to the discursive matrix of the environment, an attempt to present and discuss also two schools of thought, or collective thinking, posing as potential new theoretical and methodological contributions, observing perhaps with a paradigm of complexity that takes into account mainly the notions of wholeness environmental complexity
22

As novas ruralidades no debate paradigmático: estudo de caso sobre os neo-rurais em Juquitiba, São Paulo / The new ruralities in the paradigmatic debate: a case study on the neo-rural in Juquitiba, São Paulo

Pafunda, Rosana Akemi [UNESP] 18 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by ROSANA AKEMI PAFUNDA null (akemi.jp@gmail.com) on 2017-02-07T02:12:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL.pdf: 5122601 bytes, checksum: 6beaeb1b8ae96e3ca65800b184958c61 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-09T18:24:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pafunda_ra_me_ippri.pdf: 5122601 bytes, checksum: 6beaeb1b8ae96e3ca65800b184958c61 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T18:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pafunda_ra_me_ippri.pdf: 5122601 bytes, checksum: 6beaeb1b8ae96e3ca65800b184958c61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Em diálogo com os paradigmas da questão agrária e do capitalismo agrário o presente trabalho procurou analisar a migração do meio urbano para o rural conhecido como fenômeno neo-rural ou novo rural que culminou na formação da Cooperativa dos Produtores Rurais de Juquitiba e Região (COOPJUQUI). Trabalhadores urbanos, alguns com raízes no campo, pois seus pais ou avós eram camponeses, mas, sobretudo, pessoas sem qualquer vínculo com o meio rural, isto é, que nasceram e viveram em grandes cidades, tem migrado para o campo com o objetivo buscar a satisfação pessoal e a qualidade de vida não proporcionada pelo espaço urbano. A vontade de viver com tranquilidade, de se reencontrarem consigo mesmos e com o outro, além do anseio por controlar o próprio tempo, tem motivado muitos habitantes citadinos a abandonar o meio urbano e suas profissões na cidade para trabalhar no campo em sintonia com a natureza como agricultores familiares. Estes novos rurais ou neo-rurais vem ocupando uma pequena área do Vale do Ribeira. Neste contexto, investigou-se como o processo vislumbrado na Europa, sobretudo a partir dos anos 80, tem se desenvolvido em Juquitiba, município com a maior área de Mata Atlântica preservada da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. A metodologia empregada na pesquisa foi, sobretudo, empírica, associada ao levantamento de dados e bibliografias. Na realização da pesquisa de campo foram entrevistados 11 neo-rurais que se dedicam à fungicultura, uma das sete cadeias produtivas da cooperativa e a que compreende a maior parcela de seus cooperados. Inicialmente, o trabalho se ateve a contextualizar a região a partir de suas características geofísicas e históricas. Relacionando os relatos dos entrevistados com as referências bibliográficas analisou-se como as noções de pluriatividade e de multifuncionalidade da agricultura estão presentes nas práticas dos neo-rurais e resgatam a essencialidade da atividade agrícola enquanto modo de vida para o campesinato perfazendo, por conseguinte, as novas ruralidades. As etapas no modo de produzir o cogumelo também são descritas, pois se reconhece o processo de transição agroecológica. A conclusão deste trabalho é a de que os neo-rurais se posicionam em ambos os paradigmas. Filiam-se ao PCA na medida em que atendem a um nicho de mercado que os integra à agricultura empresarial. Por outro lado, se afastam da agricultura capitalista porque não se organizam a partir do trabalho assalariado. Compartilham do PQA, pois a estrutura produtiva é sustentada fundamentalmente pela família. / In dialogue with the paradigms of the agrarian question and the agrarian capitalism this study was to analyze the migration from urban to rural known as neo-rural or new rural phenomenon that culminated in the formation of the Cooperativa dos Produtores Rurais de Juquitiba e Região (COOPJUQUI). Urban workers, some with roots in the field, because their parents or grandparents were farmers, but above all people without any link with the countryside, that is, who were born and lived in large cities, have migrated to the country in order to seek personal satisfaction and quality of life is provided by the urban space. The desire to live in peace, to rediscover themselves and with each other, beyond the desire to control time itself, has motivated many inhabitants townspeople to leave the urban and their professions in the city to work in the field in tune with nature as farmers. These new rural or neo-rural is occupying a small area of the Vale do Ribeira. In this context, we investigated how the envisaged process in Europe, especially since the 80s, has been developed in Juquitiba, municipality with the largest Atlantic Forest preserved area of Greater São Paulo. The methodology used in the research was mainly empirical, associated with data collection and bibliographies. In conducting the field survey respondents were 11 neo-rural engaged in fungicultura, one of the seven production chains of the cooperative and comprising the largest share of its members. Initially, the work is adhered to contextualize the region from its geophysical and historical features. Reconnecting the reports of respondents with references analyzed how the notions of pluriactivity and agriculture multifunctionality are present in the neo-rural practices and rescue the essentiality of agricultural activity as a way of life for the peasantry making therefore the new ruralities. The steps in order to produce the mushroom are also described, as it recognizes the agroecological transition. The conclusion of this work is that the neo-rural position themselves in both paradigms. They are affiliated to the PCA in that cater to a niche market that integrates the agriculture business. On the other hand, move away from capitalist agriculture because they are organized from wage labor. They share the PQA as the productive structure is fundamentally supported by the family. / En diálogo con los paradigmas de la cuestión agraria y el capitalismo agrario este estudio fue analizar la migración de urbano a rural conocida como fenómeno neo-rural o nueva rural que culminó con la formación de la Cooperativa de Produtores Rurais de Juquitiba e Região (COOPJUQUI). Los trabajadores urbanos, algunos de ellos con raíces en el campo, debido a que sus padres o abuelos eran agricultores, pero por encima de todas las personas sin ningún vínculo con el campo, es decir, que han nacido y vivido en grandes ciudades, han emigrado al país con el fin de buscar satisfacción personal y calidad de vida es proporcionado por el espacio urbano. El deseo de vivir en paz, para redescubrir a sí mismos y entre sí, más allá del deseo de controlar el tiempo mismo, ha motivado a muchos habitantes gente del pueblo para salir de la urbana y sus profesiones en la ciudad para trabajar en el campo, en sintonía con la naturaleza como agricultores. Estos nuevos rural o neo-rural está ocupando un área pequeña del Vale do Ribeira. En este contexto, se investigó cómo el proceso previsto en Europa, sobre todo desde los años 80, se ha desarrollado en Juquitiba, municipio con la mayor área de bosque atlántico conservado de la Gran Sao Paulo. La metodología utilizada en la investigación fue principalmente empírica, asociado con la colección y en las bibliografías de datos. En la realización de los encuestados eran de campo 11 neo-rurales dedicadas a fungicultura, una de las siete cadenas de producción de la cooperativa y que comprende la mayor parte de sus miembros. Inicialmente, el trabajo se adhiere a contextualizar la región a partir de sus características geofísicas e históricos. Volver a conectar los informes de los encuestados con referencias analizadas cómo están presentes en las prácticas Neorrural las nociones de pluriactividad y multifuncionalidad agricultura y rescatar a la esencialidad de la actividad agrícola como una forma de vida para los campesinos haciendo, por tanto, la nuevas ruralidades. También se describen los pasos en orden para producir el hongo, ya que reconoce la transición agroecológica. La conclusión de este trabajo es que la posición neo-rural a sí mismos en los dos paradigmas. Están afiliados a la PCA en que atienden a un nicho de mercado que integra el negocio de la agricultura. Por otra parte, alejarse de la agricultura capitalista porque están organizados del trabajo asalariado. Comparten la PQA como la estructura productiva se apoya fundamentalmente por la familia.
23

An integrated framework for multi-paradigm traffic simulation

Macedo, José Luís Pereira January 2013 (has links)
Tese de Mestrado Integrado. Engenharia Informática e Computação. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2013
24

La recerca avaluativa d'un programa de l'assignatura de didàctica de les ciències experimentals dissenyat prenent com a marc teòric el paradigma de la complexitat: orientacions per al canvi

Bonil Gargallo, Josep 16 September 2005 (has links)
Finalitat:La recerca portada a terme s'insereix en el marc del paradigma de la complexitat, aportant elements per a la seva definició i la seva relació amb la ciència escolar, té per finalitat: - Avançar en l'avaluació de programes que orienten els processos d'ensenyament aprenentatge en la formació inicial de mestres, des de l'assignatura de Didàctica de les Ciències Experimentals, prenent com a referent el paradigma de la complexitat. - Definir orientacions que ajudin a dissenyar programes que afavoreixin els processos de modelització de l'alumnat cap als models conceptuals definits per les Ciències Experimentals des del paradigma de la complexitat. Marc teòricLa recerca realitzada es situa en el marc del paradigma de la complexitat. La seva consideració en l'educació científica es planteja com un possible camí que pot afavorir capacitat a la ciutadania per a pensar, sentir i actuar en una societat democràtica, global i complexa.El paradigma de la complexitat contempla un anar i tornar des del tot cap a les parts per a tornar al tot, establint un diàleg entre elements antagònics i escales. Constitueix una forma de situar-se davant dels fenòmens del món que afavoreix la seva visió com a processos. Una visió en la que pren rellevància el model conceptual des del que s'analitzen, la perspectiva ètica des de la que es situen i l'acció sobre el medi que comporten. El paradigma de la complexitat enriqueix les aportacions que, des de la ciència escolar, s'han fet sobre els processos d'ensenyament aprenentatge de les ciències experimentals. Convida a reflexionar al voltant de la necessitat de replantejar els models conceptuals que s'ensenyen, repensar la relació entre disciplines, desenvolupar un pensament complex situant la rellevància del llenguatges, Així com la consideració de l'acció i les emocions en els processos educatius. El diàleg entre paradigma de la complexitat i ciència escolar orienta una nova forma d'entendre l'educació científica que constitueix un repte per a qualsevol docent. MetodologiaLa recerca es centra en la modalitat d'avaluació de programes. Es contextualitza en l'assignatura de Didàctica de les Ciències Experimentals que s'imparteix en la titulació d'Educació Primària de Magisteri. Pren com a mostra d'anàlisi, les produccions realitzades per l'alumnat al treballar el model ésser viu.El referent per assignar valor al programa es fonamenta en les aportacions de les Ciències Experimentals relatives al model conceptual ésser viu des de la perspectiva de la complexitat. Aquestes han permès definir unitats d'anàlisis organitzades per àmbits, categories i indicadors que orienten l'avaluació.L'anàlisi realitzat, fonamentalment qualitatiu, fixa l'atenció en dos aspectes: a) en els canvis, relatius a la representació del model ésser viu, que fa l'alumnat al llarg del programa; b) en els que es generen en les preguntes i activitats quan proposen unitats de programació per a l'aula d'Educació Primària.Conclusions1. En relació a l'instrument d'avaluació els àmbits, categories i indicadors proposats com a unitats d'anàlisis es mostren una eina útil. Permeten: a) establir connexions funcionals i significatives entre el model conceptual i les representacions del model mental de l'alumnat; b) establir un diàleg entre el model de l'alumnat i la tipologia de preguntes i activitats que planteja. 2. En relació a la potencialitat del programa per a estimular l'evolució de la representació del model ésser viu el programa: a) afavoreix el canvi en la representació del model de l'alumnat i en les seves propostes de preguntes i activitats; b) potencia la presència de categories corresponent a l'àmbit "Perspectiva Sistèmica"; c) el canvi es poc rellevant en els àmbits "Estudis sobre atzar i indeterminació" i "Estudis sobre irreversibilitat"3. En relació a les orientacions de canvi per a reelaborar el programa avaluat, respecte a la representació del model mental aquest hauria: a) presentar els fenòmens com a processos orientats en el temps; b) prendre com a referència el nivell meso i plantejar la serva relació amb el macro i el micro; c) proposar situacions que demanden preveure l'evolució dels fenòmens en el temps. Respecte a l'elaboració de propostes d'unitats didàctiques el programa hauria de proposar preguntes i activitats que afavoreixin el desenvolupament de les habilitats cognitivolingüístiques de "Justificar", "Explicar" i "Descriure". / FinalityThe investigation is part of the complexity paradigm, bringing forward elements for its definition and its relationship with the school science. It has as a purpose:- Come along with the programmes evaluation, which ones orient the teaching learning processes of the first grade of teacher formation, from the subject of Experimental Science Didactics', taking as a referent the paradigm of the complexity. - To define orientations that could help to design the programs which facilitate the processes of adaptation of the students toward the conceptual patterns defined for the Experimental Science since the complexity paradigm. Theoretic frameworkThe made investigation is situated in the complexity paradigm framework. Its consideration in the scientific education is planned as a possible way which can favour the citizenship capability to think, feel and do in a democratic, global and complex society. The paradigm of complexity show consideration for goes to and fro from the total to the parts to return to the total, establishing a dialogue between antagonistic and scales. It constitutes a way of being in front of world phenomenons which makes easy its vision as a process. A vision where the conceptual model takes relevance from the analysis of the ethic perspectives situation to the action above the medium that it takes part of.The paradigm of the complexity enriches the contribution that, from the scholar science, has been done above the teaching learning processes of experimental sciences. It invites to think about the need of reconsidering the teaching conceptual models, thinking again the relation between disciplines, developing a complex thought locating the language importance, such as considering the action and the feelings in the educative processes. The dialogue between the complexity paradigm and scholar science guide a new way to understand the scientific education and it constitutes a challenge to any teacher.MethodologyThe investigation is centred in the evaluation program modality. It is contextualized on the subject of the Experimental Science Didactics which is thought at Primary education degree. It takes as an analysis sample the productions made by the students working with the leaving creature model.The referent to assign value to the programme is basic in the contributions of the Experimental Science affecting the leaving creature model since the complexity perspective. They have allowed to define analysis units organized by areas, categories and indicators to orient the evaluation.The analysis made, fundamentally qualitative, fixates on two aspects: a) on the changes, related with the leaving creature model representation, that the students realize along the programme; b) the ones generated by the questions and activities when programme unites are proposed for the Primary education classroom.Conclusion1. In relation to the evaluating instrument the areas, categories and suggested indicators such as analysis units are shown as a useful tool. They let: a) to establish functional and meaningful connections between the conceptual model and the representation of the students' mental model; b) to establish dialogue between the students' model and the kinds of questions and activities planned.2. In relation to the programme potential for stimulating the evolution representation of the leaving creature model programme: a) It favours the change on the representation of the students' mental model and on its proposals of questions and activities; b) it promotes the presence of categories corresponding to the " Systematic Perspective" area; c) it is not so important according to the "Studies about Casualness" area; d) it is not important if it refers to the "Studies about the chance and In-determination" and "Studies about irreversibility" areas.3. Related with the changes to remake the evaluated programme, referring to the representation of the students' mental model it should: a) to present some phenomenon such timing orientation processes; b) to take as a referent the middle level ant to plan its relation with the macro and the micro; c) to suggest situations which ones demand to anticipate the evolution of the timing phenomenon. Concerning to the elaboration of the didactic unit proposal, the programme should propose questions and activities which will favour the development of the cognitive-linguistic abilities of "Justify", "Explain" and "Describe".
25

Elementos para una psicoecología de la acción

Rojas Martín, José Oriol 15 December 2004 (has links)
No description available.
26

LernBEGLEITUNG ein getestetes und erprobtes Programm zum pädagogischen Wandel

Wibbeke, Katja January 2007 (has links)
Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss., 2007 u.d.T.: Wibbeke, Katja: Kölner Pädagogik erwartungswidrigen Verhaltens paradigma-echt?
27

Nenáboženská spiritualita v postmoderní době. Spiritualita a nové paradigma / Non-Religious Spirituality in the Postmodern Era. Spirituality and the New Paradigm

Němečková, Kamila January 2015 (has links)
The main subject of the dissertation Non-Religious Spirituality in the Postmodern Era, subtitled Spirituality and the New Paradigm, is an analysis of non-religious spirituality within the context of the new possibilities revealed by the science of the new paradigm, which are changing the way we view reality and man's place within the universe. The study presents a possible system for classifying contemporary approaches to spirituality, and subsequently outlines a theoretical model for a new discipline enabling the comprehensive study of spirituality within broader interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary contexts. For this newly proposed scientific discipline, the paper suggests the name spirituology. Spirituality, which was discarded by the Cartesian-Newtonian world view is experiencing a renaissance. Spirituality is a comprehensive and multifaceted phenomenon whose definition is still being shaped in contemporary discourse. Although the actual term comes from Christian theology, it is today understood as religiously neutral. It did not fully establish itself in society until the end of the 20th century in relation to the secularization and privatization of religion, when it replaced the previously used term "religiosity", which is strongly associated with the institution of religion. Within the...
28

A(S) CIÊNCIA(S) DA(S) RELIGIÃO(ÕES) NO ALVORECER DE UM NOVO PARADIGMA

Lara, Márcio Zacarias 30 June 2003 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:20:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Zacarias.pdf: 473989 bytes, checksum: 252609bd6752498a1b056e3070af4041 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-06-30 / The reflection proposed in this study is centered on the possibility that the New Paradigm System , as conceived by the American physicist Fritjof Capra, gives to the fundamentals of an epistemological model which is able to integrate the points of view, to the debate about the divergent scientific treatment of religious phenomena. The history of the religious sciences is marked by the epistemological dilemma: to explain or understand religion? Nature sciences are contrary to the sciences of the spirit, which differ from the former, by the object, by the object, by the method and by the relationship between the subject and the object. The continuing debate of the XIX and the XX centuries raised the impossibility to define a scientific model that was at its core, an integration of the divergent point of view, by virtue of the principles that led the scientific paradigm. Nevertheless, the emergence of the paradigm of live beings or the complexity raised by Physics to affirm the systemic character of reality, the non-existence of autonomous parts, that the totality keeps the characteristics of non-existence in its parts, that the concrete material is energy on the subatomic level; that at subatomic level the substance doesn t exist in definite places with certainty, show only the tendency to exist. Other discoveries enabled scientists to confirm the existence of the new paradigm, in which analysis, regularity, and objective categories that represent the previous are replaced by synthesis, irregularity and epistemic conduct.The emerging paradigm enabled the construction of an epistemic model of scientific knowledge, that we point out as responsible for the validity of the phenomenological posture, as conceived by G. van der Leeuw and F. Heiler, at the same time that enables the integration of divergent points of view in the debate amongst the two strams: explanation/comprehension. Key words: science, religion, paradigm, epistemology, systemic, phenomenology.(AU) / A reflexão proposta neste estudo está centrada na possibilidade de o Novo Paradigma Sistêmico , tal qual o concebe o físico norte-americano Fritjof Capra, fundamentar um modelo epistemológico, possível de integrar em seu âmbito os pontos de vista divergentes no debate sobre o tratamento científico do fenômeno religioso. A história das ciências da religião está marcada pelo dilema epistemológico: explicar ou compreender a religião? As ciências da natureza contrapuseram-se às ciências do espírito, que diferiam das primeiras pelo objeto, pelo método e pela relação entre o sujeito e o objeto. O debate que esteve presente no cenário dos séculos XIX e XX mostrou-nos a impossibilidade de se definir um modelo de ciência que incorporasse, em seu seio, uma integração dos pontos de vista divergentes, em razão dos princípios que norteavam o paradigma cientificista. No entanto, a emergência do paradigma dos sistemas vivos ou da complexidade , liderado pela física, veio conceber o caráter sistêmico da realidade; que o concreto material é energia sob o aspecto subatômico; que sob o aspecto subatômico, a matéria não existe em lugares definidos com certeza, mas apenas mostram tendências a existir. Estas e outras descobertas possibilitaram aos cientistas afirmar a existência de um Novo Paradigma , em que as categorias análise, regularidade e objetividade, que caracterizavam o antigo, são substituídas por: síntese, irregularidade e conduta epistêmica. O paradigma emergente possibilitou a construção de um modelo epistemológico do conhecimento científico, que apontamos como legitimador das condutas fenomenológicas, tal qual as concebem G. van der Leeuw e F. Heiler, ao mesmo tempo em que possibilita a integração de pontos de vista divergentes, no debate entre as vertentes, explicação/compreensão.(AU)
29

Kolísání konjugačních typů - korpusová a dotazníková studie / scillation within the Czech Verbal Conjugation

DUŠÁKOVÁ, Lenka January 2012 (has links)
The Czech conjugaion is typical of relative instability of particular conjugation paradigma. The aim of this thesis is to examine a systematic transitiv of verbs of one class to another class on the one hand and to examine fluctuation of chosen verbs between different patterns, to determine topical forms of these transitions and fluctuation and finally to determine the direction of this transitiv, i. e. identificate more frequently used paradigma for each transitiv and fluctuation on the other hand. De facto it is the eximinaton of stability of verbal conjugation, with the aim to identify stronger or more dominant paradigma. A typice example of the transitiv is the migration of verbs from first class (mazat) to fifth class (dělat), a typice example of fluctuation is the second class, in which individual verbs tend to fluctuate between different patterns. Neither the fluctuation nor the transitiv do not happen at the same level in all morphological forms: the aim of this thesis is to identify these forms and determine the level and frequency of fluctuations and transitions in the contemporary usage from the corpus data (ČNK) and data obtained from questionnaires. This work is dividend into a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part we discuss verbal categories and classification of verbs based od them. Besides the classical Czech systém, we describe also one-stem systém (Townsend 2000, section 2.2), then we describe individual classes, patterns and also transitions and fluctuations esistin in the Czech verbal systém. The practical part is dedicated to verification of described tendencies. We proceed along two lines: on the one hand we use data from ČNK and on the other hand, (led by an effort to reach even spoken, not only written languages, in which the corpus SYN is based), the author made a questionnaire to which 85 people responded. The results of both examinations overlap.
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DSMs e depressão: dos sujeitos singulares aos transtornos universais / DSMs and depression: the singular subject of universal disorders

Maria Lopes Facó Estermínio Gonçalves 31 August 2007 (has links)
Este estudo tenciona discutir o problema da conceituação das doenças mentais, a partir dos DSMs e dos diferentes paradigmas que os embasaram. O DSM (manual estatístico e diagnóstico de transtornos mentais) é um manual, de influência internacional, para profissionais da saúde mental, que lista diferentes categorias de transtornos mentais, de acordo com a Associação Psiquiátrica Norte-Americana. Desde a sua primeira publicação, em 1952, já foi submetido a cinco revisões (DSM II, DSM III, DSM III-R, DSM IV e DSM IVTR). Escolhemos a categoria diagnóstica da depressão, objetivando realizar um rastreamento conceitual, desde o DSM II - modelo até então marcado pela psicanálise, depois ressaltando o DSM III, que, em 1980, promove uma mudança de paradigma no conhecimento psiquiátrico, ao apresentar um modelo que se propõe descritivo e ateórico até o DSM IV-TR. Dessa perspectiva, são assinaladas algumas considerações e pontos de discussão entre a chamada psiquiatria biológica e a psicanálise, no que diz respeito às suas respectivas influências na forma de entender o diagnóstico psiquiátrico, enfatizando a categoria diagnóstica da depressão. / This study intends to discuss the issue of categorizing mental disorders, considering DSMs and its paradigms. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM) is a handbook, used worldwide, for mental professionals that lists different categories of mental disorder, according to the American Psychiatric Association. The DSM has gone through five revisions (DSM II, DSM III, DSM III-R, DSM IV e DSM IV- TR) since it was first published in 1952. Electing the concept of depression, this study analyses its diagnosis criteria from DSM II, a psychoanalytic influenced manual to DSM IV-TR, with an emphasis upon DSM III which, in 1980, represents a turning point in psychiatric paradigms, intending to be not theoretical and descriptive. From this perspective, the intention is to outline some considerations and discussions between the so-called biological psychiatric and the psychoanalytic theory, according to its influences in the psychiatric diagnosis understanding, emphasizing the category of depression.

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