Under en stor del av 2000-talet så har det debatterats och gjorts flera reportage i massmedia om ungdomars och föräldrars relationer inom idrottsvärlden. Forskningsfrågorna i denna studie är(1), På vilket sätt upplever fotbollsspelande ungdomar i åldern 15-16 engagemanget från deras föräldrar?  (2), Finns det någon skillnad mellan mammor och pappor i graden av engagemang och föräldrapress/stöd gentemot ungdomarna? Genom att använda oss av klusterurval valdes tre fotbollsföreningar i Örebro ut. Datainsamlingen bestod av enkätfrågor till 54 ungdomar och 72 föräldrar samt intervjuer med två tränare. Studien visade på att en högre grad av föräldraengagemang i ungdomens idrottande resulterade i att ungdomen upplevde mer stöd. Ungdomarna upplevde inte mycket föräldrapress. Resultaten i studien kan inte säkerställas utan får fungera som en anvisning för framtida studier. / Parent’s involvement in youth sport has in the majority of studies focused on two phenomenons, parental pressure and support, and so will this study. The study has two research questions: (1), In what way do young football-playing people in the age of 15-16 experience the involvement of their parents? (2), Is there a difference between mothers and fathers in the level of involvement and parental pressure/support on their youngsters? By conducting a cluster random sampling three clubs from Örebro were selected. The data collection consisted of questionnaires for 54 young people and 72 parents as well as interviews with two coaches. The study showed that a higher degree of parental involvement in youth sports resulted in the youth experiencing more support. Youth people did not experience much parental pressure. As a conclusion the findings in this study cannot be supported but instead work as a template for future studies.

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / The aims of the study were to: (1) explore the education support services required by three learners who were integrated into the mainstream, (2) determine the level of support required by these learners to function maximally in the mainstream, (3) specifically explore the socioemotional ability of these learners to adjust to the mainstream setting. Three cases were explored within an eco-systemic approach. Each case consisted of a learner with a physical disability, the learner’s mother and the educator/s who first taught the learner at the mainstream school. Interviews were conducted with all of the participants and subsequently transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was then conducted to extract themes from the transcriptions. / South Africa

Syftet med denna studie är att skapa förståelse för hur verksamheter inom missbruks- och be-roendevården i Hallands län arbetar med föräldrar som har missbruksproblematik samt hur de föräldrastödjande insatserna påverkar familjesituationen. För att nå parternas upplevelser och erfarenheter genomförs åtta semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med en hermeneutisk metodolo-gisk utgångspunkt. De teorier och begrepp som används i studien är Max Webers byråkrati, Ole Petter Askheim och Bengt Starrins empowerment, Erving Goffmans dramaturgiska teori samt Thomas Scheff skam, stolthet och sociala band. Studiens resultat visar att verksamheter arbetar med föräldrar med missbruksproblematik på olika vis, och att det inte finns några tydliga struk-turer och riktlinjer mellan kommunerna i hur arbetet med föräldrastödjande insatser ska utföras. Det framkom även att majoriteten av föräldrarna inte har erhållit eller fått tillgång till utlovade föräldrastödjande insatser och de föräldrastödjande insatserna har påverkat familjesituationen på olika vis. / The purpose of this study is to create understanding for how organizations in the Swedish county of Halland works with parents with addiction problems and how the parental support efforts affect the family situation. The method we use to reach both parties' experiences is eight semi-structured in-depth interviews, and the theories and concepts used in the interpretation of the material are Max Weber's bureaucracy theory, Ole Petter Askheim’s and Bengt Starrin’s theory of Empowerment, Erving Goffman's study on role-taking and Thomas Scheff's concepts of shame, guilt and social bond. The results show that organisations have different guidelines and structures of parental support work. A majority of the clients interviewed have not received parental support, but the study also show that the relationship between the support worker and client has a significant role in the support and treatment process and that the parental support efforts have affected the family situation in different ways.

The current study examined the relationship of parental support, parental psychological control, and best friend support among Latino adolescents and loneliness using self-esteem as a mediating variable. The sample included 839 Hispanic (primarily Mexican) 9th – 12th graders from west Texas area school districts who were given a self-reported survey to assess parental behaviors and adolescent depression. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), findings indicated that neither maternal nor paternal support was found to be significantly related to loneliness in girls. Only maternal support was found to be significantly related to loneliness in boys. On the other hand, neither maternal nor paternal support was found to be significantly related to self-esteem in boys, while maternal support was found to be significantly related to self-esteem for girls. Results also indicate an interesting cross-gender relationship for loneliness with maternal psychological control significantly related to loneliness for boys but not for girls, and paternal psychological control significantly related to loneliness in girls but not for boys. Best-friend (peer support) was found to be significantly related to loneliness for girls but not for boys. Results indicate that maternal psychological control was significantly related to self-esteem for boys and girls. Results also indicate that paternal psychological control was significantly related to self-esteem for boys and girls. Results also indicate that family structure was found to be significant for girls and its relationship with loneliness. Results are discussed along with implications for therapists working with Latino populations.

As we examined research on the effects of parental psychological control and support on adolescents, we noted that these variables have not been widely studied in relation to academic achievement. Using Flourishing Families data, we examined a subsample of females and males who reported parental psychological control and support as well as school engagement variables from adolescents, fathers and mothers. We also used observed variables of grade point average (GPA). Structural equation modeling was used to determine whether parental psychological control and support would negatively or positively relate with academic achievement outcomes of GPA and school engagement. Psychological control and support processes significantly related with GPA and school engagement for both boys and girls. Therapists who work with parents should not only recognize the effects of psychological control on individual academic achievement, but should also recognize the importance of support from both parents and the importance of cross-gender parent-child relationships.

The aim of this study was to examine young men born between 1990-1995 with anorectal malformations (ARM) whom have undergone the new PSARP-operation starting in 1990, and how they experience their psychosocial and sexual health. The study also examines how they cope with their life situation and what their experience is of the health care and how they were responded to through out the years. This study is a qualitative research and consists seven semi- structured interviews with young men between sixteen and twenty years old. The analyses of this material resulted in three themes around which the study centers: psychosocial health, sexual health and the medical establishment and the informants thoughts about the proposition of counseling for themselves and other individuals born with ARM. The study shows that these young men have a good psychosocial health and a likely reason for that is good parental relationships and close friendships. It is difficult to draw any general conclusions about their sexual health, because there are several factors that played a role in this respect: there is a relatively widespread in their young age, their deformities are of various degrees and requires very different care and they have very different sexual experiences. However, there are factors which indicate that sexual health is affected by the congenital malformation. The study also showed that the young men have different coping strategies to manage their life situation in order to avoid exclusion and stigma. And that there are different needs for counseling among young ARM patients.

Introduktion: Att bli förälder kan upplevas överväldigande och påfrestande särskilt under barnets första levnadsår. Nyblivna föräldrar kan känna sig osäkra i sitt föräldraskap och känna sig hjälplösa i samspelet med det nyfödda barnet. Barnhälsovården (BHV) erbjuder stöd och vägledning i föräldraskapet med syftet att stärka delaktighet och tillit till den egna förmågan att skapa goda livsvillkor som gynnar utvecklingen för barnet. Föräldrars egenförmåga handlar om självkännedom om sin egen kompetens, styrka och sårbarhet. Det finns samband mellan hög egenförmåga och hälsoutfall hos föräldrar och barn.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka faktorer som främjar eller hindrar föräldrars upplevda egenförmåga under barnets första år.Metod: Studien var en litteraturstudie med deskriptiv kvantitativ ansats som inkluderade 22 artiklar som studerar faktorer som påverkade egenförmågan hos föräldrar med barn 0–12 månader. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades. Resultatet delades i huvudområden och kategorier.Resultat: I resultatet presenteras fyra huvudområden med kategorier. Exempel på främjande samband som sågs var socialt stöd, att vara flergångsförälder samt medföräldraskap. Exempel på faktorer som hade negativt samband med egenförmåga var förälderns postpartum hälsa, socioekonomisk utsatthet samt svårhanterligt barn.Slutsats: Föreliggande litteraturöversikt beskriver olika faktorer som främjar och hindrar egenförmåga hos föräldrar under barnets första år. Resultatet ökar BHV-sjuksköterskans kunskap om hur egenförmåga påverkar föräldrar och barn och kan underlätta identifiering av familjer som kan behöva förstärkta insatser. Med anledning av förälderns betydelse för barns hälsa och utveckling behövs fler interventionsstudier för att stödja olika föräldrar i föräldraskapet. / Introduction: Becoming a parent can be overwhelming and stressful during the child's first year of life. New parents may feel insecure in their parenting and feel helpless in their interactions with the newborn. Child Health Services offers support and guidance in parenthood with the aim of strengthening participation and confidence in one's own ability to create good living conditions that benefit the child's development. Parental self-efficacy is about self-awareness of one's own competence, strength, and vulnerability. There is a correlation between high self-efficacy and health outcomes in parents and children.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate factors that promote or hinder parental self-efficacy during the child's first year.Method: This study was a literature review with a descriptive quantitative approach that included 22 articles that studied factors that affected parental self-efficacy of parents with children 0-12 months. The articles were quality reviewed and analyzed. The results were divided into main areas and categories.Results: The result presents four main areas with categories. Examples of positive correlations that were seen were social support, being multipara and co-parenting. Examples of factors that had a negative correlation with self-efficacy were the parent's postpartum health, socioeconomic vulnerability and fussy infant.Conclusion: The present literature review describes various factors that promote and hinder parental self-efficacy during the child's first year. The result increases the knowledge of child health nurses on how self-efficacy affects parents and children and can facilitate the identification of families who may need enhanced interventions. Due to the importance of the parent for children's health and development, more intervention studies are needed to support different parents in parenthood.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Barn som far illa är ett folkhälsoproblem. Det har visat sig att beteendeproblem hos barn redan vid tre års ålder kan påverka deras framtida risker för psykisk ohälsa, kriminalitet, missbruk, avhopp från skolan, koncentrationssvårigheter och utanförskap. Barns beteende kan påverkas av relationen till lärarna, föräldrarna och till andra barn. Föräldrarnas psykiska hälsa och sociala situation är riskfaktorer för att barn ska utveckla beteendeproblem. Det finns lagar och förordningar samt föräldrastöd och interventionsprogram för att minska barns utsatthet och främja deras utveckling. Förskoleteamet Tummen är en verksamhet där socionom, specialpedagoger och psykolog samverkar för att främja barns utveckling genom barnsamtal, föräldrasamtal, Marte Meo-filmning, ICDP, nätverksmöten, föräldragrupper och stöd till pedagoger.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur personalen i verksamheten Förskoleteamet Tummen upplever att barnens/familjernas situation har förändrats under den tid då de har fått stöd från Förskoleteamet Tummen.Metod: Det skedde en granskning av 125 enkäter där Förskoleteamet Tummen utvärderade sin verksamhet. Fritextsvar från den öppna frågan: ”På vilket sätt upplever ni att barnets/familjens situation har förändrats under tiden som den varit aktuell hos Förskoleteamet?” analyserades med en innehållsanalys och detta skapade temat "Att främja utveckling för barnets bästa" som bestod av följande huvudkategorier: Barnets utveckling, Föräldrarnas utveckling och Pedagogernas ökade förståelse för barnets behov.Resultat: Resultatet visade att Förskoleteamet Tummen främjade barns utveckling på många olika sätt. Det skedde direkta positiva effekter på barnet genom att barnet blev bättre på att reglera känslor, äta mat, få vänner, samspela med andra, somna, bli mer självständigt, leka och koncentrera sig. Föräldrarna utvecklades i sin föräldraroll och även i sin personliga utveckling då de fick hjälp att förändra sin relation till barnet, interaktionen med barnet, synen på barnet och sin egen livssituation. Pedagogerna fick hjälp att utveckla struktur och sitt bemötande mot barnet samt få ökad förståelse för barnet och dess behov.Slutdiskussion: Resultatdiskussionen utgår från anknytningsteorin och den bioekologiska modellen som teoretiska referensramar. Det visar sig att tidiga insatser kan ha stor inverkan på barnens framtid och att Förskoleteamet Tummen är en mångsidig verksamhet somförebygger problem genom att främja barns utveckling i samspel med barnet, föräldrar, pedagoger och andra instanser. Då föräldrarnas och pedagogernas inverkan på barnets beteende har visat sig vara stor är det viktigt att deras möjligheter att främja barns utveckling stärks. I metoddiskussionen diskuteras studiens trovärdighet. / Background: Child maltreatment is a public health problem. It has been shown that behavioral problems in children at the age of three can affect their future risk for mental illness, crime conviction, substance abuse, school dropout, lack of concentration and social exclusion. Children's behavior can be influenced by the relationship with the teachers, parents and the other children. The mental health and socioeconomic status of the parents are risk factors for children to develop behavior problems. There are laws and regulations that aim to promote the well-being of children. It exist parental support and intervention programs to reduce the vulnerability of children and promote their development. Förskoleteamet Tummen is a interprofessional cooperation establishment where social workers, special educators and psychologists work together to promote the development of children through supporting dialogue with children, supportive dialogue with parents, Marte meo filming, ICDP, network meetings, parental groups and support to educators.Objective: The aim of this study is to examine how the staff in Förskoleteamet Tummen experience that the situation for the children/families have changed during the time they have gotten support from Förskoleteamet Tummen.Method: A review of 125 questionnaires where Förskoleteamet Tummen evaluated the outcome of their support was conducted. Free text responses from the open question: "In what way do you feel that the child/family's situation has changed during the time they have gotten help from Förskoleteamet Tummen?" were analyzed using content analysis and this made the theme "Promoting the development of the child" which consisted of the following main categories: child development, parental development and educationalists increased understanding of the needs of the child.Results: The results showed that Förskoleteamet Tummen promoted the development of children in many different ways. There was a direct positive impact on the child because the child became better at regulating emotions, eating food, making friends, interacting with others, sleep, become more independent, play with others and concentrate. The parents developed in their parental role but also in their personal development. They got help to change their relationship with the child, the interaction with the child, the views of the child and their own situation. The teachers were helped to develop the structure and their attitude towards the child and to increase their understanding of the child and it's needs.Ending discussion: The results were discussed with the attachment theory and the bioecological model as a theoretical framework. It turns out that early interventions can have a major impact on children's future and that Förskoleteamet Tummen is a team with many applications. Because they prevent problems by promoting child development in interaction with the child, parents, educators and others. As parents and educators' impact on the child's behavior has proved to be important, it is important that their potential to promote child development is strengthened. In the method discussion the trustworthiness of this study was discussed.

The aim of this thesis was to examine the association between family structures and adolescents' externalising and internalising problems. This study also explored if adolescents' perceived parental support and teacher support might differ across different type of family structures. It further assessed whether the association between family structures, externalising and internalising problems among adolescents might be attributed to the individual level of parental and teacher support. The data was derived from the Stockholm School Survey carried out by the Stockholm City Administration in 2014. A total of 5,569 students age 15-17 from both public and private schools in the municipalities of Stockholm was included in this study. This study showed that lower perceived parental and teacher support was found among those living in stepparents and single parent families. Results from linear regression also indicated that adolescents from non-nuclear families were at higher risk of developing externalising and internalising problems. As this study found that those associations were attributed to individual level of parental and teacher support, the findings of this thesis bring together the evidence on the need for spesific programs given by the school for prevention and intervention of externalising and internalising problems among adolescents. Moreover, this study also highlights the importance of family policy as an instrument to attain a healthy work-life balance that may enable parents to increase their support towards their children.