- Determination of Parenthood The topic of my thesis is Determination of Parenthood. With this topic are connected problems not only legal, but often also social and ethical. Parenthood affects all of us and it's an important aspect of human life. That's why there should be legal assurance in relationship between parent and child. Development in the field of medicine is still ahead (mainly thanks to methods of assisted reproduction and DNA analysis) and the rules of law should respond and deal with it. The aim of this thesis is describe and become acquainted with problematics of determination of parenthood, valorize how legislation responds to modern development and to propose possible changes. Thesis is prepared on the basis of existing legislation on the date of submission of the thesis. Thesis is divided into seven main chapters, which are divided to further subsections. First chapter deals with concept of parenthood and methods of determination. Second chapter describes historical development of legislation on Czech territory, since Roman law to recodification of civil law. Related third chapter concisely summarizes national and international legal sources of current legislation. Chapter four is about determination of maternity and problems of surrogacy, anonymous childbirth, concealed birth...

This master thesis deals with the issue of legislation of surrogacy. Development in the area of reproductive medicine as the first "test tube baby" in 1978 and following medical progress has inevitably brought development expansion of this institute. This institute, although that it brings with itself many ethical, social and legal questions, is not legally regulated in the Czech Republic (except one provision, Art. 804 of the Civil Code). Therefore, this master thesis tries to provide a proposal of legislation which might be adopted in the Czech Republic, using primarily analytical and comparative methods. After the surrogacy is explained and forms and models of it are described, the international framework is clarified. Although many states realize actuality of this topic, there has not been any international legislation adopted that would regulate e.g. surrogate tourism, until this day. However, there is a certain guideline, namely the interest of a child, as the European Court of Human Rights judged. State's legislations range on the scale from criminalization (France) to legalization of its commercial form (Ukraine). After evaluation of legislation of some states whose regulations show real functioning of models of surrogacy, it is clear that the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern...

Este estudo pretendeu investigar como a variável trabalhar fora interfere na constituição do lugar da mãe para o filho. Utilizamos uma metodologia de pesquisa de campo, de natureza qualitativa a partir do estudo comparativo de seis famílias da classe média paulistana. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-dirigidas com os casais e com as crianças aplicamos o Procedimento de Desenhos de Família com Estórias, proposto por Walter Trinca (1997). Nosso estudo procurou articular o conhecimento advindo da história da trajetória da família burguesa, com os aportes oferecidos pela análise dos desenhos e entrevistas com as famílias inseridas nesse contexto, contando também com o auxilio do substrato teórico da psicanálise. Nossos dados apontaram que o fato da mãe trabalhar fora, enquanto fator isolado, não parece discriminar entre os dois grupos. Verificamos que os fatores mais importantes têm relação com a constituição da conjugalidade e da parentalização. Outro aspecto identificado esteve associado à possibilidade de um pai participativo, esse aspecto demonstrou ter forte relação com a satisfação conjugal, igualmente influente na percepção da criança sobre seu lugar na família / This study aimed to investigate how the variable \"out-of-home work\" affects the constitution of the place of the mother to the child. We used a methodology of field research, qualitative in nature, from the comparative study of six middle-class families in São Paulo. We executed semi-directed interviews with the couples and applied the Procedure of Family Drawings with Stories, proposed by Walter Trinca (1997), with the children. Our study sought to articulate the knowledge gained from the history of the trajectory of the bourgeois family, with contributions offered by the analysis of drawings and interviews with the families inserted within this context, also counting on the help of the theoretical basis of psychoanalysis. Our data showed that the mothers that work out of home, as an insulated factor, does not seem to discriminate between the two groups. We found that the most important factors are related to the establishment of conjugality and parenthood. Another aspect identified was associated with the possibility of the participation of the father. This aspect has demonstrated a strong relationship with marital satisfaction, equally influential in the child´s perception of his place in the family

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE- VOLUME 1 FINAL Ana Lucia.pdf: 635851 bytes, checksum: 7fbf828fbd20ea6a528c918408a0b6de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-12 / In this study, the author seeks to present a new form of parental guidance, called Constructivist Socio-drama, for bringing up children. Based on the general current view that the process of bringing up children has become an obstacle race in addition to one having to assume other roles within the family boundaries, for which parents have not been trained -, husbands and wives are faced with increasing difficulties to transmit to their children basic breeding concepts, or even direct the breeding process towards a positive construction of the emotional, social and family identity. The main purpose of this work is to enable parents, by means of group sessions, to understand the inter-generational transmission in the breeding strategies, and to reconstruct those strategies deemed inadequate. Firstly, the author takes a theoretical approach to parenthood in post-modern ages, conducts a study of the historical aspects related to the process of bringing up children in Brazil, and finally a synthesis of parental role-models in different contexts. Bringing up children in different social levels and the development theory of families during the three phases of the vital cycle, namely, the formation of the couple, families with small children and families with adolescents, are chapters that elicit the theoretical body of this research. The author then reflects on the repetition of inter-generational role-models and on modern family themes, which were approached by means of questionnaires previously applied to each parent, and based on the answers they provided. In order to achieve the proposed goals, a qualitative study was conducted through Constructivist Socio-dramas with groups of parents. Such Constructivist Socio-dramas are described in their peculiarities as an instrument to be used for articulation, elaboration and review of the constructions used by human beings to reorganize their experiences and actions. In this study, the author also deployed a questionnaire to gather data on the difficulties parents face in bringing up their children. Fifteen Socio-dramas were conducted in different places: at a Pediatrics Clinic and at an NGO, both in São Paulo, and they were filmed and photographed upon authorization of the participants. Based on the narratives produced at the Constructivist Socio-dramas, the data analysis points towards an image of parents seeking behavioral and emotional growth in bringing up their children. It also points towards the perception of inter-generational repetitious situations, which were revised and made it possible to elaborate new models for the performance of the parental role / A autora, nesta pesquisa, visa mostrar uma nova forma de orientação de pais, denominada Sociodrama Construtivista. Baseada na visão geral corrente de que educar filhos transformou-se numa corrida de obstáculos além de ter que assumir outros papéis dentro da família, para os quais não foram treinados -, o homem e a mulher vêem crescer as dificuldades para transmitir aos filhos conceitos básicos de educação e até mesmo direcionar esta para uma construção positiva da identidade emocional, social e familiar. O objetivo geral do trabalho é dar condições aos pais, por meio do trabalho em grupo, de compreender a transmissão intergeracional nas estratégias educativas e de reconstruir aquelas julgadas inadequadas. Inicialmente faz uma abordagem teórica sobre a parentalidade na pós-modernidade, um estudo dos aspectos históricos relacionados à educação dos filhos no Brasil, e uma síntese dos modelos de educação em diferentes contextos. Educar filhos nos diferentes níveis sociais e a teoria do desenvolvimento das famílias nas três fases do ciclo vital: formação de casal conjugal, famílias com filhos pequenos e com filhos adolescentes são capítulos que elucidarão o corpo teórico desta pesquisa. A autora, em seguida, faz reflexões sobre a repetição dos modelos intergeracionais e sobre os temas da família contemporânea, abordados por meio de questionários previamente aplicados aos pais individualmente, e com base nas respostas fornecidas. Para atender aos objetivos propostos foi feito um estudo qualitativo através de Sociodramas Construtivistas com grupos de pais, descritos nas suas peculiaridades como instrumento acessível para articulação, elaboração e revisão das construções utilizadas pelo ser humano para reorganizar suas experiências e ações. Foi utilizado ainda, um questionário para coletar informações sobre as dificuldades encontradas entre os pais na educação dos filhos. Quinze Sociodramas foram realizados em locais distintos: numa Clínica Pediátrica e numa ONG, ambos em São Paulo, filmados e fotografados mediante a autorização dos participantes. A análise dos dados aponta para uma imagem dos pais buscando um crescimento comportamental e emocional na educação dos filhos através das narrativas produzidas nos Sociodramas Construtivistas, e também para a percepção das situações repetidas intergeracionalmente, que foram revisadas e possibilitaram a elaboração de novos modelos para o desempenho do papel parental

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maura Castello Bernauer.pdf: 1253113 bytes, checksum: c378f48edfa304e764194d30cabd580f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-14 / In this study, is searched to reflect concerning the impacts of the infertility in the subjectivity of men and women that had submitted and had children through ART; and about the process of conjugality transition to parenthood after the birth of the son. From the approach of the theoretical boarding of Sociohistoric Psychological of Vygotsky, it was explored symbolic conception of genre to implement a perspective denaturalizing of maternity and of the paternity where the concept of the identities was evaluated of masculine and feminine genre that they had been if modifying throughout the years, through social behaviors on sexuality and reproduction. And in which one searched to apprehend meanings and felingst through open interview in depth, with three couples infertile heterosexuals whom had submitted treatment of ART and has a first son (s) already born at least for one year in a private clinic, in a city near the city of São Paulo. Thus being: Couple 1 Ana (35, degree in Adm) and Bruno (38, graduated in law); they are married for 6 years and have a couple of twin children of 2 years of age. Couple 2 - Carla (39, degree in Adm) and Daniel (44, high school degree, works with commerce); they are married for 13 years and have a son of 2 and a half years. Couple 3 - Elsa (36, degree in Computer Science) and Fábio (34, degree in Computer Science); they are married for 7 years and have a son of 2 years. Readings of the collected date had been made that they had allowed a process of aglutination of 66 pré-indicators, for the similarity, complementary or contraposition. After this process had gotten a lesser diversity of subjects, being able itself to agglutinate in 29 indicators. To leave of the reverse speed-reading of the material, the joint process was made that resulted in the organization of meaning core: (1) treatment of ART, pregnancy and childbirth; (2) conjugality; (3) spirituality; (4) family relationships and (5) parenthood. To leave of the partner-historical context of the conjugal and parental bows, we understand the existing relations between conjugality e parentahood of men and women who had had son (s) through ART. The treatment of ART produces the construction of personal directions and redimension the meanings of the transistion for parenthood. The studied couples continue in the condition of infertile although they have children. The representation of the biological bond (implied: to conceive, pregnancy and childbirth) for confirmation of the sort identities is the main reason that leads the couples to the ART services taking them, to neglect the adoption or to remain without children. The idea of nature in its ideological function it strengthens the moral order and it generates culpability. It can be hypothesing that emotional problems are decurrent of not development of parenthood, that is of the relation of the children with the adults, because many men and women did not desire to have children, they only wanted to be father and mother, to confirm its femininity and manhood. We conclude that denaturalizing the meanings of feminine/maternity e masculine/paternity they had extended our perspectives of the understanding of the relations of sort and its repercussions on the subjectivity in the contemporaneousness / Neste estudo, buscou-se refletir acerca dos impactos da infertilidade na subjetividade de homens e mulheres que se submeteram e tiveram filhos através de RA; e sobre o processo de transição da conjugalidade para a parentalidade após o nascimento do filho. A partir do enfoque da abordagem teórica da Psicologia Sócio-Histórica de Vygotsky, explorou-se a concepção simbólica de gênero para implementar uma perspectiva desnaturalizadora da maternidade e da paternidade em que avaliou-se o conceito das identidades de gênero masculino e feminino que foram se modificando ao longo dos anos, através de condutas sociais sobre sexualidade e reprodução. E na qual buscou-se apreender os significados e sentidos através de entrevista aberta em profundidade, com três casais heterossexuais inférteis que se submeteram a tratamento de RA e têm um primeiro filho(s) já nascido há pelo menos um ano numa clínica privada, numa cidade próxima a cidade de São Paulo. Assim sendo: Casal 1 Ana (35 a, grau de escolaridade superior- Adm) e Bruno (38 a, grau de escolaridade superior, adv); são casados há 6 anos e têm um casal de filhos gêmeos de 2 anos de idade. Casal 2 - Carla (39 a, grau de escolaridade superior, Adm ) e Daniel (44 a, grau de escolaridade nível médio, comerciante); são casados há 13 anos e têm um filho de 2 anos e meio. Casal 3 - Elsa (36 a, grau de escolaridade superior, Informática) e Fábio (34 a, grau de escolaridade superior, Informática); são casados há 7 anos e têm uma filha de 2 anos. Foram feitas leituras dos dados coletados que permitiram um processo de aglutinação dos 66 pré-indicadores, pela similaridade, complementaridade ou contraposição. Após esse processo obtiveram-se uma menor diversidade de temas, podendo-se aglutinar em 29 indicadores. A partir da re-leitura do material, foi feito o processo de articulação que resultou na organização dos núcleos de significação: (1) tratamento de RA, gravidez e parto; (2) conjugalidade; (3) espiritualidade; (4) relacionamentos familiares e (5) parentalidade. A partir da contextualização sócio-histórica dos laços conjugais e parentais, compreendemos as relações existentes entre a conjugalidade e a parentalidade de homens e mulheres que tiveram filho(s) através de RA. O tratamento de RA produz a construção de sentidos pessoais e redimensiona os significados da transição para a parentalidade. Os casais estudados continuam na condição de inférteis apesar de terem filhos. A representação do vínculo biológico (subentendido: conceber, gravidez e parto) para confirmação das identidades de gênero é a principal razão que conduz os casais aos serviços de RA levando-os, assim, a preterir a adoção ou permanecer sem filhos. A idéia de natureza em sua função ideológica reforça a ordem moral e gera culpabilidade. Pode-se hipotetizar que problemas emocionais são decorrentes do não desenvolvimento da parentalidade, ou seja da relação das crianças com os adultos, porque muitos homens e mulheres não desejavam ter filhos, só queriam ser pai e mãe, para confirmar sua feminilidade e masculinidade. Concluímos que desnaturalizar as significações de feminino/maternidade e masculino/paternidade ampliaram nossas perspectivas da compreensão das relações de gênero e de suas repercussões sobre a subjetividade na contemporaneidade

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luryaga Porto Farias.pdf: 389981 bytes, checksum: 291e306bca0097a960ad8563c8c24781 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The need for a hepatic transplant for a child, whether due to a congenital problem or a contagious disease, results in a difficult situation in our times. This research aims at examining the emotional state of parents that are awaiting a hepatic transplant for their child. The research was carried out at the Liver Institute of Pernambuco (IFP) with the participation of four mothers. Semi-structured interviews were made using direct questions. A thematic analysis of the situation was made which permitted the identification of categories with qualitative representation and also of assessing nuclei favorable to the analysis of the situation. Results showed that the emotional state of the parents is markedly complex, expressed by the variety of categories and feeling the nuclei of which the situation is composed. The influence of diverse aspects relative to the participants which interfere in their emotional lives can be observed; these include: socioeconomic conditions, education and information levels, support network, different manners of dealing with the situation, age of the participants. It also includes the aspects of which the situation is composed: the therapeutics of the transplants and their details, losses, fears, risk of death, and possibility of failure. This study may contribute to the understanding of the situation, defining the difficulties, and addressing the attention needs of the parents, making way for the diverse component aspects of this complex phenomenon to be expressed / A necessidade de realizar-se um transplante hepático em uma criança, seja por doença congênita ou adquirida, configura uma situação complexa em nossos dias. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo examinar a vivência dos pais que esperam pelo transplante hepático do filho. A pesquisa foi realizada no Instituto do Fígado de Pernambuco (IFP) com quatro mães participantes. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, utilizando-se questões norteadoras para a obtenção das informações que viabilizassem o exame da situação. Também foi realizada a análise temática, que possibilitou a identificação das categorias com a representatividade qualitativa e também a dos núcleos de sentido que favoreceram o exame da situação. No exame dos dados pode ser observado que essa vivência para os pais é marcadamente complexa, expressa pela variedade de categorias e pelos núcleos de sentido que compõem a situação. Pode ser observada a influência de diversos aspectos relativos aos participantes que interferem nas suas vivências, entre eles: a condição sócio-econômica, o nível de instrução e informação, a rede de apoio, as diferentes formas de enfrentamento da situação, a idade das participantes, entre outras; e, também, os aspectos que compõem a situação: a terapêutica dos transplantes e suas particularidades, as perdas, os receios, o risco de morte e a não cura. Esse estudo visou contribuir para o delineamento da situação, situando as dificuldades e apontando a necessidade de atenção aos pais, abrindo espaço para que diversos aspectos componentes dessa situação complexa se expressem

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Ana Rita Souza Rocha.pdf: 1703484 bytes, checksum: f116e08134c09cd643b6a993da918bc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This paper discusses the conceptions and interventions proposed by the Parenthood Clinic as a health promoting basis. The disharmony between parents-baby revealed during the visits to the pediatrician can arise from conflicts of the parents´psychism and interfere in the emotional availability necessary to the practice of preventive parenthood against pathologies and global development disorders. The method used was the open interview with six pediatricians according to their different personal ways: allopathy, psychoanalysis, anthroposophy, acupuncture, family. We based ourselves on the hypothesis that by knowing better the pedriatrician´s experience, it is possible to put same, during the consultation, into interdisciplinary dialogue with the findings available in the literature about the Parenthood Clinic developed by psychologists and psychoanalysts. The discussion of the material was effected using the winnicottan concepts and the more debated subjects in papers already published on Parenthood. We concluded that the disharmony between parents-baby reveals itself under the form of dysfunctional symptoms in the child or the caregiver. The pediatricians´intervention includes advice and encouragement to the parents, however there is no symbolic elaboration of the symptom, leaving the baby or even the foetus defenseless against more complex parental conflicts but that affect its health, with possibilities of affective, social and cognitive limitations in the adult phase. Vulnerabilities in the building of parenthood, since gestation, can hinder the caregiver´s emotional availability to follow the doctor´s advice and the practice of a healthy parenting. The interviews with the pediatricians brought evidences that they cannot treat the dysfunctional symptoms like a psychoanalyst due to their formation, the time and frequency of the puericulture consultation, but can understand them as a psychoanalyst can, promoting more integrating interdisciplinary interventions for the human coming about / Este trabalho discute as concepções e intervenções propostas pela Clínica da Parentalidade como base promotora de saúde. As desarmonias entre paisbebê que se revelam nas consultas pediátricas, podem emergir de conflitos do psiquismo dos pais e interferir na disponibilidade emocional necessária para o exercício da parentalidade preventiva das patologias e dos distúrbios globais do desenvolvimento. O método utilizado foi a realização de entrevista aberta com seis pediatras segundo diferentes percursos pessoais: alopatia, psicanálise, antroposofia, acupuntura, família. Partiu-se da hipótese que conhecendo melhor a experiência do pediatra durante as consultas é possível colocá-la em diálogo interdisciplinar com os achados encontrados na literatura sobre a Clínica da Parentalidade desenvolvida por psicólogos e psicanalistas. A discussão do material foi feita utilizando os conceitos winnicottianos e os temas mais discutidos em trabalhos já publicados sobre a Parentalidade. Concluiu-se que as desarmonias entre pais-bebê revelam-se sob a forma de sintomas disfuncionais na criança ou no cuidador; a intervenção dos pediatras inclui orientação e encorajamento aos pais, porém não há elaboração simbólica do sintoma, deixando o bebê ou mesmo o feto desprotegido dos conflitos parentais que afetam sua saúde com possibilidades de limitações afetivas, sociais e cognitivas na fase adulta. Vulnerabilidades na construção da parentalidade, desde a gestação, podem impedir o cuidador da disponibilidade emocional necessária para seguir as orientações do médico e o exercício da maternagem saudável. As entrevistas com os pediatras trouxeram evidencias de que eles não podem tratar os sintomas disfuncionais como um psicanalista, em função da especialidade, da formação, do tempo e da freqüência que dispõe na consulta de puericultura, mas podem entendê-los como um psicanalista promovendo intervenções interdisciplinares mais integradoras para o acontecer humano

"November 2001." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 278-292). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

The special needs domain has long been recognised as problematic and adversarial. Much research has focused on areas of contention, such as the relationships between parents and practitioners, especially in educational settings, or on problems within the structure and operation of the domain. This study adopts a whole system approach in combining discussion of the structural basis of tension within the domain with an investigation of how both parents and practitioners describe, experience and respond to tensions within the special needs domain; such tensions being viewed as facets of the 'struggle' and 'fight' metaphor. Whole systems approaches are derived from the systems discipline, which developed initially out of the nineteenth century interest in organic and engineering systems, but more recently has focused on organisational and inter-organisational arrangements, including the part people play in enabling or disabling such arrangements. It is a strongly interdisciplinary approach more commonly found in organisational studies than in the social sciences more generally. Fifteen practitioners, from health and education settings, and twelve parents of children and young people with diagnoses of high functioning autism spectrum conditions participated in the study. The participants' stories of their experiences of the special needs domain were collected using a narrative inquiry approach. The data was analysed using concepts and theoretical frameworks derived from the work of Pierre Bourdieu, Uri Bronfenbrenner and Charles Wright Mills. An exploration of the influences shaping the special needs domain revealed a number of areas of unresolved tension, some of which result in tensions for those involved in the domain such as can be described as 'fight', and some of which might be addressed by structural changes to the systems comprising the special needs domain such as those envisaged in forthcoming legislation. However importantly the empirical study found that many tensions and struggles experienced by both parents and practitioners did not emanate from the structures of the domain and therefore were unlikely to be amenable to structural changes. Parents 'struggle' to maintain their identity as 'good' parents, to acquire information and to navigate the system in order to access services and resources. Practitioners experience conflict as they seek to access information and training, engage in the complex choreography of cooperating and collaborating in interagency and interprofessional working and endeavour to harmonise their professional practice with agency and public policy priorities. The thesis concludes with a brief discussion of the relationship between whole system approaches and other interdisciplinary approaches to investigating complex problems in the human sciences. It is suggested that systems diagramming techniques such as systems mapping and rich pictures are useful additions to the sociologist's toolkit.

This thesis examines how the discursive construction of parenthood in the news media, during the Husby riots of 2013, was affected by social and economical class. News media contributes to shape our perception of reality, our norms and ideals, and what issues that is to be considered important. The family and the effect of child rearing as a process of shaping children into becoming political subjects has been of interest for political science during a long period of time. Previous research shows that social and economical class has a significant effect on norms, ideals and expectations regarding parenthood and child rearing. It is therefore important to study the representation of class in association to parenthood in the news media. Extraordinary events, such as the Husby riots, generate a vast amount of media attention and material. Also, the riots took place in a neighborhood with low socio-economic standard. I have therefore conducted a Foucauldian discourse analysis on a news material consisting of 46 articles and editorials from four of Sweden's biggest news papers: Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen and Svenska Dagbladet, in order to analyze how and which subject positions are established, which characteristics they are assigned and how the construction of parenthood is dependent on social and economical class.The results show that the most common subject positions consists of the police, working class youngsters participating in the riots, children as victims of the riots and working class parents. Language and education is given a prominent part in the discourse, both as an explanation to why the riots broke out in the first place and as a solution to how such social unrest can be avoided in the future. Social and economic class is not mentioned explicitly but is an important implicit discursive construction in the portrayal of parents and children. I therefore conclude that social class and language greatly affected the portrayal and representation of parenthood and child rearing during the Husby Riots of 2013.