Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) and MSRB are responsible for the repairing of methionine-R-sulfoxide (Met-S-SO) and methionine-S-sulfoxide (Met-R-SO) back to me-thionine, respectively. Five MSRA isoforms and four MSRB isoforms are discovered in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Whether high light regulates CrMSR ex-pression via photosynthetic electron transport (PET) was examined. By checking the se-quence of PCR product of each isoform, quantitative real-time primers were designed for discrimination of isoform expression. Light ≥ 300 £gE m-2 s-1 and PET inhibitors inhibited PSII activity (Fv/Fm, Fv´/Fm´) and photosynthetic O2 evolution rate, particularly 1,000 £gE m-2 s-1, in which it did not recover after 3 h. A transfer to dark decreased CrMSRA2, CrMSRA3, CrMSRB1.1, CrMSRB1.2, CrMSRB2.1 mRNA levels but increased CrMSRA4 mRNA levels. When exposed to 50, 300, 600, or 1,000 £gE m-2 s-1, CrMSRA2, CrMSRA3, CrMSRA5, CrMSRB1.1, CrMSRB2.1 and CrMSRB2.2 mRNA levels increased as light ≥ 300 £gE m-2 s-1, and concomitantly CrMSRA4 mRNA level decreased. Changes in mRNA levels increased as light intensity increased. The treatment of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) in 1,000 £gE m-2 s-1 inhibited high light effect, and the treatment of 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6- isopropyl-p- benzoquinone (DBMIB) in 50 £gE m-2 s-1 increased CrMSRA3, CrMSRA5 and CrMSRB2.2 mRNA levels but decreased CrMSRA4 mRNA level. The application of phena-zine methosulfate (PMS), an electron donor to P700+ that promotes cyclic electron transport, in 300 £gE m-2 s-1 enhanced the increase of CrMSRA3 and CrMSRA5 mRNA levels by high light but inhibited the decrease of CrMSRA4 mRNA level, reflecting a role of cyclic PET. The above results let us to draw a conclusion that plastoquinone as reduced status mediates the expression of CrMSRA3, CrMSRA4, CrMSRA5 and CrMSRB2.2 by high light. The im-plication of linear electron transport and cyclic electron transport on the regulation of CrMSR gene expression will be discussed.We speculated that the high light up-regulation of CrMSR mRNA expression offers the resistance of Chlamydomonas to photooxidative stress.

This study investigates the constraints and success factors in the implementation of the third performance management system (PMS) for the Namibian public service from 2006 to 2014. It was purported to be implemented in 2006. However, various government publications reported that its implementation process was poor or slow. The study also made a contribution to the discussions regarding individual performance agreements by politicians. The review of the existing literature revealed that at the time of this study no academic research was conducted in the Namibian public service considering the PMS implementation process in totality. Furthermore, the conditions or factors of an effective policy and performance management system implementation which had been identified helped the researcher to decide on the focus of the study. Methodologically, the study uses an implementation research design which focused on process evaluation using the mixed method approach. During phase one, data was collected using a diagnostic tool to determine the status of the PMS implementation. The results of phase one guided the interviews conducted during phase two that provided an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. A purposive sampling method was applied in selecting nineteen respondents who participated in this study. Documentary sources were used during all the phases of the study. The main findings of the study are: notable achievements in terms of the PMS design and its implementation, with four Offices, Ministries and Agencies (OMAs) and Regional Councils (RCs) being identified as most successful at the time of the study. Internal leadership commitment proved to be the main success factor. However, the PMS was not implemented fully because it did not meet the requirements of an effective one. The study recommends to establish the PMS unit in each OMA and RC, integrate the PMS with all aspects of human resources, simplify the PMS forms, formulate a PMS policy for Namibian politicians, apply the templates and implementation modalities of an individual performance agreement of political executives, formulate a social contract for the constituency councilors in the Government of the Republic of Namibia, and introduce a Constituency Development Budget (CDB) to support the implementation of the social contract. / Public Administration / D.P.A.

O termo sustentabilidade corporativa refere-se à capacidade de uma organização de sobreviver no longo prazo, mantendo-se (minimamente) lucrativa para que possa exercer suas atividades com cada vez menos impactos negativos ambientais e mais benefícios sociais. Considerando a lógica de que a empresa é aquilo que ela é capaz de mensurar, organizações sustentáveis demandam sistemas gerenciais de mensuração de desempenho que estejam alinhadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Assim, o presente estudo se propõe a discutir a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: Como é inserida a sustentabilidade nos sistemas de mensuração de desempenho corporativos? Para isso, são propostos dois objetivos de pesquisa: (i) levantar os sistemas de mensuração de desempenho de sustentabilidade e explorar seus principais desafios; e (ii) explorar a importância relativa dada pelas empresas em relação aos indicadores de sustentabilidade. Para isso, a pesquisa conta com uma revisão sistemática da literatura e estudos de casos multissetoriais (um piloto e quatro exploratórios). A pesquisa traz evidências de que a temática de indicadores de sustentabilidade é ainda incipiente e pouco estruturada, com potencial de melhorar o aproveitamento da literatura já consolidada de sistemas de mensuração de desempenho. O estudo bibliométrico conta com (i) estatística descritiva, (ii) análise de redes de relacionamento (co-citação e palavras-chave) e (iii) análise de conteúdo a partir de uma amostra de artigos extraídos da base de dados ISI Web of Knowledge (Web of Science). Verifica-se que a literatura de indicadores de sustentabilidade aborda temáticas diversas, tais como vantagem competitiva, gestão de stakeholders e avaliação do ciclo de vida. Já os estudos de casos baseados em entrevistas semi-estruturadas permitiram o levantamento dos seguintes sistemas de mensuração de desempenho com incorporação de indicadores de sustentabilidade: sistema de avaliação de desempenho das áreas, sistema de avaliação de desempenho individual, indicadores para elaboração de relatórios internos e externos e sistema de avaliação inicial de projetos. Além disso, foram identificados fatores que interferem na prioridade dos indicadores de sustentabilidade: estratégia corporativa, pré-requisito; maturidade da questão e urgência. Dentre os desafios apontados pelas empresas, encontram-se a definição de indicadores para avaliar os benefícios sociais decorrentes das atividades da organização, a quantificação monetária de retorno de iniciativas ambientais e sociais e o engajamento dos colaboradores na sustentabilidade corporativa, independente da natureza das suas atividades. A pesquisa mostra que há benefícios na incorporação da sustentabilidade no sistema de mensuração de desempenho corporativo e que isso ainda tem potencial para ser abordado de forma mais sistemática, sem depender exclusivamente da iniciativa de determinados líderes. O papel desses atores para implantação de práticas sustentáveis na organização é fundamental e necessário, mas não suficiente, já que a sustentabilidade corporativa depende do engajamento de diversos stakeholders (internos e externos à organização), que podem ser influenciados pela cultura e pelos processos de negócios alinhados à lógica do desenvolvimento sustentável. / The term corporate sustainability refers to the ability of an organization to survive in the long term, keeping itself (minimally) profitable in order to conduct their activities with less negative environmental impacts and more social benefits. Whereas the logic that the company is what it is capable of measuring, sustainable organizations require performance management systems that are aligned to sustainable development. Thus, this study aims to discuss the following research question: \"How sustainability is embedded in corporate performance measurement systems?\" For this, it proposes two research objectives: (i) identify the sustainability performance measurement systems and explore their major challenges, and (ii) explore the relative importance given by companies in relation to sustainability indicators. So, the research has a systematic literature review and multisectoral exploratory case studies (one pilot and four exploratory). The research provides evidence that the theme of sustainability indicators is still incipient and unstructured, with the potential to improve the use of literature already consolidated on performance measurement systems. The bibliometric study is based on (i) descriptive statistics, (ii) analysis of extracted networks of relationships (co-citation and keywords) and (iii) content analysis of a given sample of articles extracted from ISI Web of Knowledge (Web of Science). It is found that the literature of sustainability indicators covers different topics such as competitive advantage, stakeholder management and life cycle assessment (LCA). The cases studies based on semi-structured interviews allowed the identification of the following performance measurement systems that incorporate sustainability indicators: performance evaluation of the areas; individual performance evaluation system; indicators for internal and external reports; and initial project evaluation system. In addition, factors influencing the priority of sustainability indicators have been identified: maturity of the issue, requirement, corporate strategy and urgency. Among the challenges faced by companies, there are the definition of indicators to assess the social benefits of the organization activities, the quantification of the monetary return of environmental and social initiatives and employee engagement in corporate sustainability, independently of the nature of their activities. Research shows that there are benefits in incorporating sustainability in corporate performance measurement system and it still has the potential to be addressed more systematically, without relying solely on the initiative of certain leaders. The role of these actors for implementing sustainable practices in the organization is essential and necessary, but not sufficient, since the corporate sustainability depends on the engagement of various stakeholders (internal and external to the organization), which may be influenced by the culture and the business processes aligned to the logic of sustainable development.

[pt] O sistema de medição de desempenho (SMD) é tido como uma ferramenta fundamental que colabora diretamente na avaliação e alcance dos objetivos estratégicos e excelência da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos. No cenário de constantes mudanças nos ambientes de negócios, muitas empresas vêm direcionando esforços no desenvolvimento de novos projetos, revisões e adequações dos seus SMD, assim como no uso eficiente dessa ferramenta de gestão. No entanto, muitas organizações se deparam com dificuldades inesperadas durante esta tarefa. Aprimorar o entendimento dos fatores que afetam o sucesso do SMD pode permitir que os profissionais estejam melhor preparados e mais responsivos durante a aplicação do SMD, obtendo estratégias mais eficazes e melhor direcionamento de recursos. Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo de caso múltiplo, a partir da análise de três iniciativas de medição de desempenho aplicadas à cadeia de suprimentos de petróleo e derivados de uma única empresa. É adotada uma abordagem do ciclo de vida completo – projeto, implementação e uso/revisão – na identificação dos fatores críticos que afetaram o sucesso desses SMD. Como resultado da pesquisa, uma lista de fatores críticos de sucesso e barreiras para a aplicação de um SMD foi obtida empiricamente e confrontada com achados anteriores da literatura. Desta lista, foi proposto um guia prático para avaliação dos SMD que se recomenda que seja utilizado pelas organizações a cada desenvolvimento ou revisão de um SMD, a fim de obter um melhor conhecimento dos desafios a serem superados em todo o ciclo de vida dos SMD das cadeias de suprimentos. O resultado do estudo de caso sugere que houve um aprendizado organizacional na maneira de lidar com os fatores críticos que afetam os SMD a cada iniciativa aplicada. / [en] The performance measurement system (PMS) is considered as a fundamental tool that collaborates directly in the evaluation and achievement of the strategic objectives and excellence of the supply chain management. In the scenario of constant changes in business environment, many companies has been directing efforts to develop new projects, reviews and adjustments of their PMSs, as well as in the efficient use of this management tool. However, many organizations are faced with unexpected difficulties during this task. Improving understanding of the factors that affect the success of PMS can enable practitioners to be better prepared and more responsive during their application, achieving more effective strategies and better resource allocation. This dissertation presents a multiple case study, from the analysis of three performance measurement initiatives applied to the petroleum and oil derivates supply chain of a single company. A complete lifecycle approach – design, implementation and use / review – is adopted to identify the critical factors that have affected the success of these PMS. As a result of the research, a list of critical success factors and barriers to the application of a PMS was obtained empirically and compared with previous findings from the literature. From this list, a practical guideline for evaluation of PMS has been proposed, which is recommended to be used by organizations for each PMS development or review, in order to gain a better understanding of the challenges to be overcome throughout the supply chain PMS life cycle. The outcome of the case study suggests that there has been organizational learning in dealing with the critical factors affecting the PMSs from each applied initiative.

[pt] Sistemas de Medição de Desempenho (SMD) são amplamente estudados por meio de trabalhos teóricos e práticos. No âmbito de trabalhos práticos, é identificado na literatura uma carência de estudos empíricos que englobem a etapa de implementação. Já os estudos que abordam tal etapa relatam diversas barreiras, o que corrobora com a necessidade de considerar a etapa piloto antes da implementação completa. Essa dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo: propor um framework conceitual com diretrizes para o redesenho de SMD já existentes comtemplando formalmente uma etapa piloto e realizar o redesenho de um SMD através da utilização de um estudo empírico utilizando o framework conceitual proposto. Além redesenhar o processo e avaliar as barreiras enfrentadas em sua implantação, a dissertação fornece uma avaliação da forma com que a etapa piloto introduzida conseguiu mitigar os riscos mapeados na literatura. / [en] Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) are extensively studied through theoretical and practical work. In the scope of practical work, a lack of empirical studies concerning the implementation stage is identified in the literature. The studies that approach this stage report several barriers, which corroborates with the need to consider the pilot stage before full implementation. This dissertation aims to: propose a conceptual framework with guidelines for the redesign of existing PMS by formally contemplating a pilot phase and carry out the redesign of an PMS through the use of an empirical study using the proposed conceptual framework. In addition to redesigning the process and evaluating the barriers faced in its implementation, the dissertation provides an evaluation of the way in which the pilot stage introduced managed to mitigate the risks mapped in the literature.

Exogenously supplied organoselenium compounds, capable of propagating a selenium redox cycle, were shown to supplement natural cellular defenses against oxidants generated during biological activity. Phenylaminoalkyl selenides were developed in our laboratory as novel substrate analogs for the enzyme dopamine beta-monooxygenase. Recently, phenylaminoalkyl selenides were found to protect plasmid DNA and Molecular beacons from oxoperoxynitrate – mediated damage by scavenging this oxidant and forming the corresponding selenoxides as the sole selenium – containing products. Rate constants were determined for the reactions of the phenylaminoalkyl selenoxides with GSH at physiological pH and 25 degrees C. The kinetic data obtained in current and previous research was subsequently used in a MatLab simulation, which showed the feasibility of selenium redox cycling by GSH in the presence of a cellular oxidant, oxoperoxynitrate. Loblolly pine (LP, Pinus taeda) is the primary commercial species in southern forests covering 11.7 million hectares. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an effective technique to implement production of high value genotypes of LP. SE is a multi-step process, which includes initiation of somatic embryo (SME) growth from tree tissue, maintenance and multiplication of early stage SMEs and the maturation / germination phase. In this work, we isolated a substance from stage 2 or 3 LP female gametophyte (FG) tissue that stimulates early stage SME growth, and characterized this substance as citric acid on the basis of 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. We then demonstrated that topical application of citric acid to SMEs stimulates embryo colony growth at p = 0.05 for 3 of the 5 genotypes tested. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by an impaired conversion of L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) to L-tyrosine (L-Tyr). A novel assay based on enzymatic - colorimetric methodology (ECA) was developed in order to detect elevated concentrations of L-Phe in undeproteinized plasma of PKU patients via continuous spectrophotometric detection. We report here that L-Phe concentrations in undeproteinized plasma measured using our ECA were comparable to those determined on an amino acid analyzer based on Pearson correlation coefficients and a Bland and Altman comparison.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo general analizar la influencia de los Sistemas de Medición del Desempeño (SMD) en actividades de exploración y explotación del conocimiento en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) de Iberoamérica. El objeto de estudio son los SMD desde una perspectiva de gestión. La sociedad se enfrenta a cambios sin precedentes en la economía y en la gestión de las organizaciones, las cuales se basan en el conocimiento como el motor de cambio más poderoso. Constantemente se amplía y crea conocimiento que es aplicado en la producción de bienes y servicios a un ritmo cada vez más acelerado. De esta manera, el conocimiento en continua evolución cada vez más acelerada se convierte en un recurso estratégico para el desarrollo, lo que trae consigo que se exija mucho más de las universidades dada su capacidad de creación y absorción de conocimiento. Hoy en día las universidades amplían su misión tradicional basada en la docencia e investigación, convirtiéndose en centros de no sólo de creación, sino también de transferencia, transformación y distribución del conocimiento. Sin embargo, sin una adecuada gestión, el conocimiento puede quedar circunscrito solo a la exploración (la búsqueda de nuevas ideas), en lugar de llagar a tener un resultado en la explotación (transferencia de tecnologías). Para adecuarse a las demandas actuales y mejorar sus resultados en áreas tan importantes como la docencia, investigación y trasferencia de tecnología, las universidades necesitan herramientas adecuadas de gestión, entre las que se encuentran los SMD. Esta tesis analiza los SMD en las universidades para la gestión de la explotación y exploración del conocimiento a través de tres estudios. El primer estudio se titula "Ambidexterity in entrepreneurial universities and performance measurement systems" e incluye una revisión sistemática de la literatura que analiza la exploración y la explotación del conocimiento en las universidades que apoyan la innovación y el emprendimiento en su entorno. El segundo estudio, Influence of the balanced scorecard on the science and innovation performance of Latin American universities tiene como objetivo principal analizar la influencia del Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) sobre el desempeño de las universidades latinoamericanas en materia de investigación e innovación. El tercer estudio presentado se titula University-industry collaboration and absorption capacity in knowledge creation in Latin America. Este estudio explora las relaciones causales que condicionan la creación de conocimiento en Latinoamérica. Para finalizar se presentan las conclusiones generales de la investigación. En primer lugar, esta investigación presenta un enfoque novedoso de la evaluación del desempeño universitario al dar una visión multifacética que incluye el desempeño investigador, la transferencia tecnológica y el desempeño académico como resultados de la exploración y la explotación del conocimiento. En segundo lugar, el análisis pone de manifiesto que la colaboración U-I puede jugar un papel central en economías en vías de desarrollo, las cuales no tienen la capacidad de liderar el desarrollo tecnológico, pero al menos pueden absorber el conocimiento existente y aplicarlo en su contexto industrial y emprendedor para obtener progreso económico. En tercer lugar, el estudio describe los elementos del SMD que pueden conducir a un desempeño ambidiestro de las universidades. Los resultados sugieren que las universidades deben implementar estrategias, estructuras, sistema de indicadores y sistemas de recompensas que tenga como objetivo potenciar las actividades de exploración y explotación de manera coordinada. Este estudio enfatiza la importancia del sistema de indicadores como condición necesaria para la exploración y la explotación del conocimiento. Por lo tanto, para la ambidestreza universitaria, un sistema de indicadores que refleje medidas de exploración y explotación es de vital importancia. / [CA] Aquesta tesi doctoral té com a objectiu general analitzar la influència dels Sistemes de Mesurament de l'Acompliment (SMA) en activitats d'exploració i explotació del coneixement a Institucions d'Educació Superior (IES) d'Iberoamèrica. L'objecte d'estudi són els SMA des d'una perspectiva de gestió. La societat s'enfronta a canvis sense precedents a l'economia i a la gestió de les organitzacions, les quals es basen en el coneixement com el motor de canvi més poderós. Constantment s'amplia i crea coneixement que és aplicat a la producció de béns i serveis a un ritme cada vegada més accelerat. D'aquesta manera, el coneixement en contínua evolució cada cop més accelerada es converteix en un recurs estratègic per al desenvolupament, cosa que comporta que s'exigisca molt més de les universitats atesa la seva capacitat de creació i absorció de coneixement. Hui en dia les universitats amplien la seua missió tradicional basada en la docència i la investigació, convertint-se en centres de no només creació, sinó també de transferència, transformació i distribució del coneixement. La universitat té un paper determinant en el desenvolupament de recerques que donen suport activament als interessos de la indústria i la societat a través de la transferència tecnològica. No obstant això, sense una gestió adequada, el coneixement pot quedar circumscrit només a l'exploració (la recerca de noves idees), en lloc de arribar a tenir un resultat a l'explotació (transferència de tecnologies). Per adequar-se a les demandes actuals i millorar els seus resultats en àrees tan importants com la docència, investigació i transferència de tecnologia, les universitats necessiten eines adequades de gestió, entre les quals hi ha els SMA. Aquesta tesi analitza els SMA a les universitats per a la gestió de l'explotació i l'exploració del coneixement a través de tres estudis. El primer estudi es titula "Ambidexterity in entrepreneurial universities and performance measurement systems" i inclou una revisió sistemàtica de la literatura que analitza l'exploració i l'explotació del coneixement a les universitats que donen suport a la innovació i l'emprenedoria al seu entorn. El segon estudi, "Influence of the balanced scorecard on the science and innovation performance of Latin American universities", té com a objectiu principal analitzar la influència del Quadre de Comandament Integral (CMI) sobre l'exercici de les universitats llatinoamericanes en matèria de recerca i innovació. El tercer estudi presentat es titula "University-industry collaboration and absorption capacity in knowledge creation in Latin America". Aquest estudi explora les relacions causals que condicionen la creació de coneixement a Llatinoamèrica. Per finalitzar es presenten les conclusions generals de la investigació. En primer lloc, aquesta investigació presenta un enfocament nou de l'avaluació de l'exercici universitari en donar una visió multifacètica que inclou l'exercici investigador, la transferència tecnològica i l'exercici acadèmic com a resultats de l'exploració i l'explotació del coneixement. En segon lloc, l'anàlisi posa de manifest que la col·laboració U-I pot jugar un paper central en economies en vies de desenvolupament, les quals no tenen la capacitat de liderar el desenvolupament tecnològic, però almenys poden absorbir el coneixement existent i aplicar-lo en el context industrial i emprenedor per a obtenir progrés econòmic. En tercer lloc, l'estudi descriu els elements de l'SMA que poden conduir a un exercici ambidiestre de les universitats. Els resultats suggereixen que les universitats han d'implementar estratègies, estructures, sistema d'indicadors i sistemes de recompenses que tinga com a objectiu potenciar les activitats d'exploració i explotació de manera coordinada. Aquest estudi emfatitza la importància del sistema d'indicadors com a condició necessària per a l'exploració i l'explotació del coneixement. / [EN] The general objective of this doctoral thesis is to analyze the influence of Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) in activities of knowledge exploration and exploitation in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in IberoAmerica. The object of study is the PMS from a management perspective. Society is facing unprecedented changes in the economy and in the management of organizations, which are based on knowledge as the most powerful engine of change. Knowledge is constantly created and expanded and is applied in the production of goods and services at an ever-accelerating rate. In this way, knowledge in continuous increasingly accelerated evolution becomes a strategic resource for development, which means that the role of universities in society gains relevancegiven their capacity to create and absorb knowledge. Today, universities are expanding their traditional mission based on teaching and research, becoming centers not only for creation, but also for the transfer, transformation and distribution of knowledge. However, without proper management, knowledge can be confined to exploration (the search for new ideas), instead of having a result in exploitation (technology transfer). To adapt to current demands and improve their results in areas as important as teaching, research and technology transfer, universities need adequate management tools, among which are the PMS. This thesis analyzes the PMS in the universities for the management of the knowledge exploitation and exploration through three studies. The first study is entitled "Ambidexterity in entrepreneurial universities and performance measurement systems" and includes a systematic review of the literature that analyzes exploration and exploitation in universities that support innovation and entrepreneurship in their environment. The second study, "Influence of the balanced scorecard on the science and innovation performance of Latin American universities", has as its main objective the analysis of the influence of the Balanced Scorecard on the performance of Latin American universities in terms of research and innovation. The third study presented is entitled "University-industry collaboration and absorption capacity in knowledge creation in Latin America". This study explores the causal relationships that condition the creation of knowledge in Latin America. Finally, the general conclusions of the research are presented. First of all, this research presents a novel approach to the evaluation of university performance by giving a multifaceted vision that includes research performance, technology transfer and academic performance as results of the exploration and exploitation of knowledge. Second, he analysis shows that U-I collaboration can play a central role in developing economies, which do not have the capacity to lead technological development, but can at least absorb existing knowledge and apply it in their industrial and entrepreneurial context to obtain economic progress. Third, the study describes the elements of PMS that can lead to an ambidextrous performance of universities. The results suggest that universities should implement strategies, structures, indicator systems and reward systems that aim to promote exploration and exploitation activities in a coordinated manner. This study emphasizes the importance of the indicators system as a necessary condition for the effective exploration and exploitation of knowledge. Therefore, for university ambidexterity, a system of indicators that reflects exploration and exploitation measures is of vital importance. / This work was supported by National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), Brazil [304618/2019-5]. / García Hurtado, D. (2022). Estudio comparativo de los Sistemas de Control en el contexto estratégico de las Instituciones de Educación Superior en Iberoamérica [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/185901 / TESIS / Compendio

Performance measurements have been described as a tool by which management can communicate expected standards of behavior as well as a shared meaning among members regarding the intended direction of the firm. In parallel, the organizational identity field relies on the premise that members can answer the question “who are we as an organization?” through a sense of shared understanding. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implications a performance measurement system has on the employees’ perception of “who we are“, related to the theoretical framework of organizational identity. This paper utilizes a qualitative research method, a case-based approach of a Swedish life science company which is conducted in an exploratory manner. The case company is chosen due to its contextual setting regarding the newly implemented performance measurement system, along with the inherent characteristics of the industry in general, which is typically considered to be incongruent with such quantitative measurements. The empirical data is collected through eight interviews with members from the chosen case company, as well as through internal documents describing its performance measurement system. The authors propose a revised theoretical framework in which performance measurements and organizational identity are investigated through a conceptual model which explores their dynamic relationship. The findings reinforce well-known ideas of performance measurements and organizational identity, along with providing new insights on the dynamics between them. Keywords: Organizational Identity, Performance Measurement System, Performance Management, Identity-Dynamics