TITLE: Orientation in time at kindergarten focusing on the Sun and Moon AUTHOR: Bc. Jana Havlíková DEPARTMENT: SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Micheala Kaslová ABSTRACT: This diploma thesis deals with the development of orientation in time focusing on the Sun and Moon in preschool children as part of the attendance at kindergarten. In the theoretical part, in addition to the definition of the term of time from various disciplines, there is also an outline of the development of perception and measurement of time in terms of both evolutionary and individual development. Many activities in kindergartens are preserved for a long time, however the observation of the sky itself has slowly disappeared from education programs and plans. The practical part is focused on setting up scenarios of individual activities for observing the position of the sun in the sky, the length and direction of the sun's shadow, and the awareness of the alternation of the day with the night and the seasons. All this within the framework of action research, which was implemented in one kindergarten class. KEYWORDS: pre-mathematical literacy, preschool education, pre-school age, time, orientation in time, sun, shadow, universe, day and night

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-08-08T17:58:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) angelica_carvalho_lemos.pdf: 2557666 bytes, checksum: 85ed84ff157451661cd59649442c2383 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-10-05T19:16:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) angelica_carvalho_lemos.pdf: 2557666 bytes, checksum: 85ed84ff157451661cd59649442c2383 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T19:16:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) angelica_carvalho_lemos.pdf: 2557666 bytes, checksum: 85ed84ff157451661cd59649442c2383 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Introdu??o: Na medida em que se reconhece a import?ncia das creches no desenvolvimento integral de crian?as at? cinco anos de idade, ? evidente a preocupa??o com o impacto do trabalho prec?rio dos professores na garantia da oferta de oportunidades de estimula??o das crian?as frequentes em creche. Objetivo: Examinar associa??es entre o comportamento l?dico de crian?as de creches p?blicas e fatores individuais da crian?a, est?mulos do ambiente familiar, ambiente creche e condi??es de trabalho das professoras que atuavam nas turmas das respectivas crian?as. M?todo: A amostra aleat?ria e representativa incluiu 131 crian?as com faixa et?ria 18 a 36 meses e 14 professoras, frequentes em seis creches p?blicas. O brincar foi avaliado pela Escala L?dica Pr?-escolar de Knox- revisada, adaptada culturalmente para o Brasil e nas quatro dimens?es: dom?nio espacial, dom?nio material, faz-de-conta/jogo simb?lico e participa??o; para as oportunidades de estimula??o do ambiente familiar adotou o question?rio Affordances in the Home Enviroment for Motor Development (AHEMD); o ambiente creche foi avaliado pela Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale ? Revised Edition (ITERS-R); ainda de question?rio estruturado elaborado exclusivamente para pesquisa para professoras de creche contendo quest?es sociodemogr?ficas, condi??es de trabalho e fatores psicossociais do trabalho. A an?lise multivariada adotou o modelo Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) com entrada hier?rquica das vari?veis. Resultados e Discuss?o: A preval?ncia de defasagem no comportamento l?dico foi de 18 % (n = 24 crian?as) com desvantagens em crian?as com idade inferior a 24 meses. O comportamento l?dico apresentou m?dia de 70,3 (desvio padr?o [DP]=19,9), a dimens?o participa??o apresentou menor m?dia de 60,4 (desvio padr?o [DP=27]. As vari?veis faixa et?ria da crian?a, escolaridade paterna, escolaridade materna, n?mero de cursos realizados pelas professoras e estresse ocupacional permaneceram associadas ao comportamento l?dico. A associa??o entre estresse ocupacional e o comportamento l?dico ? preocupante, uma vez que a precariza??o do trabalho docente pode comprometer o brincar de crian?as de 18 a 36 meses que frequentam creche. Adequa??es na organiza??o de trabalho e atua??es interdisciplinares entre profissionais da sa?de e educa??o faz-se necess?rias. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Reabilita??o e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Introduction: As you get to know the importance of kindergartens in full-time education of children up to six years old, it gets evident the concern about the impact of the weak work from the teachers on the assurance of development. Objective: Examine associations between performance of children?s playing in municipal daycare and encouragement in family?s environment, environment in daycare and tutor?s work conditions in educational centers for children in Diamantina. Method: The random and representative sample included 131 children aged 18 to 36 months and 14 female teachers, attending six public day care centers. The play was evaluated by the Knox-Revised Preschool Play Scale, culturally adapted to Brazil and in the four dimensions: spatial domain, material domain, make-believe / symbolic play and participation; for the opportunities of stimulation of the family environment adopted the questionnaire Affordances in the Home Enviroment for Motor Development (AHEMD); the nursery environment was evaluated by the Infant / Toddler Environment Rating Scale - Revised Edition (ITERS-R); yet a structured questionnaire elaborated exclusively for research for daycare teachers containing sociodemographic questions, working conditions and psychosocial factors of work. The multivariate analysis adopted the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model with hierarchical input of the variables. Results and Discussion: The prevalence of gaps in play behavior was 18% (n = 24 children) with disadvantages in children less than 24 months old. The participation rate presented a mean of 60.3 (standard deviation [SD = 27].) The participation rate presented a mean of 60.3 (standard deviation [SD = 27].) The variables age range of the child, paternal schooling, maternal schooling, number of courses performed by teachers and occupational stress remained associated with playful behavior. The association between occupational stress and play behavior is worrisome, since the precariousness of the teaching work can compromise the play of children from 18 to 36 months attending day care. Adequations in the organization of work and interdisciplinary actions among health professionals and education are necessary.

L'objectif de notre thèse, est de réaliser un état des lieux des pratiques et des conditions d'enseignement pour cerner les effets de l'enseignement sur l'acquisition de la langue et d'évaluer l'efficacité du système des écoles maternelles à Oman. La première partie de thèse a pour but de présenter une réflexion théorique concernant l'enseignement dans les écoles maternelles dans le monde et en particulier au sultanat d'Oman. La seconde partie est empirique et comprend deux études : la première est une enquête qui fait une analyse générale du système éducatif des écoles maternelles omanaises, en utilisant des questionnaires à destination des enseignantes (n=429), inspecteurs(n=34) et personnel administratif (n=100) dans 100 écoles maternelles en 10 régions du pays , la deuxième se compose d'observations des pratiques d'enseignement du langage dans les écoles maternelles omanaises. Des grilles d'observation ont été réalisées pour analyser les activités d'enseignement du langage (n= 50 classes dans 50 écoles en 6 régions). Les élèves (n=475) ont été évalués en langage par des pré et post-tests. Les résultats de l'enquête montrent que l'école maternelle omanaise accueille les enfants scolarisés dès l'âge de 3 ans et présentent des caractéristiques de construction et d'aménagement ainsi que d'un ratio élève/enseignant plutôt satisfaisant mais des points négatifs sont à relever. Les maternelles sont privées et payantes, ce qui ne facilite pas l'accès à l'éducation. Au sein des écoles, les associations de parents sont soit inexistantes, soit inactives, en lien peut-être avec un niveau culturel et éducatif bas des parents malgré leur niveau socio-économique élevé. Par ailleurs, il ressort deux langues (arabe et anglais) sont enseignées, suivant un guide du ministère de l'éducation, mais il n'y a pas de programme commun à toutes les écoles maternelles. La plupart des enseignantes ont un faible niveau de diplôme et manquent de formation. La grille d'observation fait apparaître dix types d'activités qui sont définies du point de vue de leur contenu par rapport à l'apprentissage du langage. La pratique des activités de langage passe la plupart du temps par l'enseignement magistral et se déroule dans un mode collectif. En outre, selon les résultats de pré et post-test, la variation de score constatée entre le pré et le post-test est plus forte pour les compétences de compréhension du langage mais existent également pour les compétences de conscience phonologique et de compétences lecture-écriture. Dans l'analyse multiniveau, la relation n'est pas la même entre le pré et le post-test dans toutes les écoles. Le prétest explique assez peu les variations inter-individuelles comme les variations inter-classes et qu'il y des différences entre les écoles et aussi entre les élèves. On n'observe pas d'influence des variables "genre et durée de scolarisation" et "caractéristiques des enseignantes" (qualification et expérience). Par contre, il y a un effet "région". le facteur influence du type d'interaction enseignant –élève, le mode de gestion de la classe (TM, TCM) est plus forte que celle de la méthode utilisée (implicite, explicite et magistrale), elle-même plus forte que le mode de déroulement (individuel et collectif). Notons que dans la méthode et le mode de gestion de classe, les valeurs afférentes aux activités de code sont meilleures que celles afférentes à celle de sens ce qui signifie que la méthode code est plus efficace que la méthode sens. Les variables qui sont ressorties comme efficaces pour l'apprentissage du langage : sens-implicite, code-TCM, sens-TCM et sens-collectif et le système préscolaire omanais gagnerait à leur prise en compte. En outre la formation continue récente a un effet significatif (l'efficacité des enseignantes est plus forte pour celles qui en ont bénéficié). / The objective of this thesis is to provide an inventory of practices and teaching conditions to identify the effects of education on language acquisition and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Omani system for kindergartners. the first part of the thesis presents a theoretical reflection on teaching in nursery schools in the world and particularly in Oman. The second part includes two empirical studies : the first is a survey made a general analysis of the education system for Omani kindergartens, using questionnaires to teachers (n = 429 ) , supervisors (n = 34) and administrative staff(n = 100 ) in 100 kindergartens in 10 regions of the country; the second consists of observations of language teaching practices in Omani kindergartens. Observation grids were carried out to analyze the language-teaching activities (n = 50 classes in 50 schools in 6 regions). Students (n = 475 ) were evaluated in language by pre-and post - tests. The results show that the Omani preschool welcomes 3 years old children have features construction and development as well as a pupil / teacher ratio rather good but negative points are noteworthy. Kindergartens are private and charges, do not facilitate access to education. In schools , parent associations are either absent or inactive , linked perhaps with a low cultural and educational level of parents, despite their high socio -economic level. Moreover, two languages (Arabic and English) are teached, following a guide from the Ministry of Education, but there is no common program to all kindergarten schools. Most teachers have a low degree and lack of training. The results of the observation grid highlight ten types of activities that are defined from the point of view of their content in relation to language learning. The practice of language activities spends most of the time by lecturing and takes place in a collective fashion contrary. In addition, the results to pre-and post- test, show firstly the scores change more strongly in LAC (language comprehension skills) but also existing in LAS (phonological awareness skills) and LALE (reading-writing Skills) between the pre-and post –test. In the multilevel analysis, the relationship is not the same between the pre and post- test in all schools. Pretest explains very little of both inter-individual variations that variations between classes and there are many differences between schools and between students. It appears that there is no influence of the variables "gender and years of schooling" and "characteristics of teachers" (qualification and experience). As against, there is a «region " effect. It also appears that the influence of management type mode of conduct (TM, TCM) is stronger than the method (implicit, explicit and masterful), which is stronger than the manner of conduct (individual and collective). Note that in the method and mode of conduct, values relating to the activities of code are better than those relating to the meaning. Variables that have emerged as effective in language learning are implicit sense, code -TCM, TCM sense and collective sense and Omani preschool system would benefit from their inclusion. In addition the recent training has a significant effect (efficacy teachers is higher for those who have benefited).

The subject of reading and writing difficulties has been a research object sin- ce the 40's and it ́s come a long way in what should happen and how to act however, it is still children who do not get the help that is needed in pre- school and pre-school classes. This study has sought to identify the difficulty of educators and teachers to detect early-stage problems. Children with reading and writing difficulties do not only have difficulty in school, but the other social interaction with other children / adults can be af- fected. This topic can create exclusion and bullying if it is not handled properly. When will these problems be discovered and by whom, this study shows how the preschool can / should work with reading and writing difficulties and what problems it is for the educators to do this. The study of this study has been conducted through a questionnaire and per- sonal dissociations with special educators, pre-school teachers and pre-school educators. A total of seven people were interviewed and they worked with children between three to six years, interviews were conducted in an area where the educators felt safe and comfortable.The study includes privacy and confiden- tiality and all names are fictive. Interviews were played in and then written clean and all the answers in the study were categorized and you could see that the special educators, pre- school teachers and pre-school educators worked in accordance with the Bornholm Model, Karlstadsmodellen and Fonomix. It has emerged from the study that it is communication with images and signs that is the strategy that the preschoolers primarily use to include, develop and communicate with the children. Educators highlight some problems in preschool to handle these issues. The lack of tools is often mentioned, but they work with what they can and it me- ans work with dumbbells, rhymes, frames and songs. Knowledge about this subject is substandard according to the survey with the educators, even time is part of the problems. Some have discovered shortcomings in reading and writing in children wit- hout taking any action. A problem that is becoming increasingly current is how to detect reading and writing difficulties-in children whose parents do not speak the Swedish lan- guage, and here the special educators, pre-school teachers and pre-school educators must rely on the parents. The survey shows that there are shortcomings in education, the lack of tools and the time to deal with the problems is often mentioned in this study. / Ämnet läs och skrivsvårigheter har varit ett forskningsobjekt sedan 40-50- talet och man har kommit långt i vad som bör ske och hur man ska agera, men ändå så är det barn som inte får den hjälp som behövs i förskolan och förskoleklass. Denna studie har strävat efter att få fram vad som är svårigheten bland peda- goger och lärare för att upptäcka problemen i tidigt stadie. Barn som har läs och skrivsvårigheter får inte bara svårigheter i skolan utan det övriga sociala samverkan med andra barn/vuxna kan påverkas. Detta ämne kan skapa utanförskap och mobbing om det inte hanteras på rätt sätt. När ska dessa problem upptäckas och av vem, denna studie visar på hur förskolan kan/ska jobba med läs och skrivsvårigheter och vilka problem det är för pedagogerna att utföra detta. Undersökningen till denna studie har utförts genom ett frågeformulär och personliga diskussioner med specialpedagoger, förskollärare och pedagoger i förskoleklass Sammanlagt intervjuades sju personer och de jobbade med barn mellan tre till sex år , intervjuerna genomfördes i ett område där pedagogerna kände sig trygga och bekväma. Studien innefattas av sekretess och tystnadsplikt och alla namn är fiktiva. Intervjuerna spelades in och skrevs sedan rent och alla svaren i studien kate- goriserades upp och man kunde se att de jobbade i enlighet med Born- holmsmodellen, Karlstadsmodellen. Det har framkommit av undersökningen att det är kommunikation med bilder och tecken som är strategin som förskollärarna främst använder sig av för att inkludera, utveckla och kommunicera med barnen. Pedagoger belyser problem inom förskolan för att kunna hantera dessa frågor. Avsaknad av hjälpmedel nämns ofta, men de jobbar med det kan och det in- nebär arbete med munövningar, rim, ramsor och sång . Några har upptäckt brister i läs och skriv hos barn utan att vidtaga några åtgärder. Ett problem som aktualiseras mer och mer är hur man upptäcker läs och skriv svårigheter hos barn som ej har svenska talade föräldrar, och här måste man förlita sig till barnets föräldrar i hög utsträckning. Undersökningen visar att det finns brister i utbildningen och avsaknaden av verktyg/hjälpmedel och tiden för att hantera problemen nämns ofta i denna studie.

A comparative study of educational structures that receive children less thansix years old in seven countries: Australia, Brazil, Belgium, Canada, Cuba,France and PeruThis investigation comprises a comparative study of educational structures that receive children under six years old in seven countries: Australia, Brazil, Belgium, Canada, Cuba, France and Peru.The goal of this research is identify and analyze the educational structures that receive children under six years old. This analysis displays the mechanisms thatthey develop as an answer to their characteristics and particular needs.The analysis of the results conclude that the organization of the educational structures addressed to service little children, depends on various factors (i.e. social, economic, cultural, geographical, etcétera), and can be configured in a different way than the services and programs of education, ultimately responding to the characteristics and needs of children, their families and their community.Keywords: Early-childhood education, educational pre-school structures, preschool institutions. / La investigación comprende la comparación de estructuras educativas de atención a los niños menores de seis años en siete países: Australia, Bélgica, Brasil, Canadá, Cuba, Francia y Perú.El interés por el tema surge por la necesidad de identificar y de analizar las estructuras educativas que atienden a los niños menores de seis años, a fin de conocer los mecanismos que desarrollan para responder a sus características y necesidades particulares.El análisis de los datos permitió concluir que la organización de las estructuras educativas destinadas a la atención de los niños pequeños depende de diversos factores (sociales, económicos, culturales, geográficos, etcétera) y que puedenconfigurar de manera diferente los servicios y programas de educación, a fin de responder a las características y a las necesidades de los niños, de sus familias y de la comunidad.

169 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-25T17:57:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Edmacy Souza.pdf: 1062077 bytes, checksum: a03187de8b9bb8908eb83ddea1008d74 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-04-30T16:09:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Edmacy Souza.pdf: 1062077 bytes, checksum: a03187de8b9bb8908eb83ddea1008d74 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-30T16:09:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Edmacy Souza.pdf: 1062077 bytes, checksum: a03187de8b9bb8908eb83ddea1008d74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O presente trabalho objetiva discutir as concepções de currículo presentes nas práticas pedagógicas dos professores da pré-escola. Busca ainda analisar a influência desse currículo na formação e construção da identidade sociocultural da criança de forma que possibilite a reflexão sobre as várias dimensões da educação pré-escolar, as ações, as práticas e os discursos instituídos pelos profissionais que atuam nessa etapa da educação básica. Propõe, em um primeiro momento, uma discussão sobre os pressupostos histórico-filosóficos da pesquisa segundo os quais se deu o trabalho investigativo. A pesquisa se realizou de acordo com os princípios teóricos e epistemológicos da abordagem qualitativa em uma pesquisa do tipo etnográfica, tendo como campo de investigação duas escolas públicas do município de Itapetinga, cidade localizada no Sudoeste da Bahia, que atendem crianças de quatro a seis anos de idade. Foram utilizados, como instrumentos de coleta de dados, a entrevista semiestruturada, o grupo focal e a observação do espaço educativo. Participaram dessa investigação seis professoras e suas respectivas turmas (crianças de quatro e seis anos de idade). Em relação aos resultados da pesquisa, procurou-se estar atento ao que dizia a realidade educativa, os discursos e as ações cotidianas das práticas pedagógicas, buscando compreender as concepções não só de currículo, como também de criança, infância e de educação infantil presentes nos depoimentos e atuações dos sujeitos da pesquisa. Lançando mão dos aportes teóricos, este estudo se balizou em discussões sobre infância e educação infantil de autores, como Ariès (1981), Arroyo (1995), Arce (2007, 2002,), Rousseau (2004), Sarmento (2003, 2001), Froebel (2001), Garcia (2000) e Kramer (2008, 2006, 2001, 1998,); autores da área de currículo, como Macedo (2005, 1999), Silva (1999), Burnham (1998), Comenius (2001), Freire (1997, 1996), Moreira (2006, 2000) Morin (2006, 2003, 1998) e Pacheco (2005). Os resultados do estudo apontam para a necessidade de investimento nos processos formativos dos docentes que cuidam e educam crianças nas instituições de educação infantil, tendo em vista a mudança em sua concepção de infância e currículo, ampliando e redimensionando a sua prática pedagógica para atender às necessidades das crianças e promover o seu desenvolvimento integral nos mais variados aspectos, tais como: físico, cognitivo, afetivo, motor, ético e estético. / Salvador

HOLLANDA, Mônica Petralanda de. Formação em contexto de professoras da educação infantil: um estudo de caso. 2007. 294f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-08-06T13:47:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_TESE_MPHOLLANDA.pdf: 3204084 bytes, checksum: a852a9a53d5bddec22a546c295800a98 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-08-16T11:34:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_TESE_MPHOLLANDA.pdf: 3204084 bytes, checksum: a852a9a53d5bddec22a546c295800a98 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-16T11:34:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_TESE_MPHOLLANDA.pdf: 3204084 bytes, checksum: a852a9a53d5bddec22a546c295800a98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Continuous training for Childhood Education teachers constitutes one of the conditions necessary to improve the standard of educational services provided to small children. This research has sought to determine and analyse how teachers understand training schemes in a particular context. In particular, it has attempted to describe the features of a context where training occurred, with the aim of enabling a more effective analysis to be conducted of the following: their possible influence on the way this scheme was carried out; the perspectives of teachers regarding the existing relationship between training in context and other experiences of continuous training that they have undergone; and finally an identification of which aspects of the training strategies in context can make it easier or more difficult for them to achieve their objectives. As a theoretical basis, the study had the socio-constructivist perspective of Vygotsky (1994, 2000, 2004) and the ecology of human development of Bronfenbrenner (1992, 1996). Using this as a reference-point, a qualitative case study was carried out, together with the Childhood Education teachers at a public institution in Fortaleza, Ceará (Brazil), where participant observation and interviews were conducted with these professionals at different stages of the project (assessment, planning and intervention). On the whole, the teachers were aware that the purpose of the work was concerned with improving the standards of educational services being offered and from its earliest stages, regarded it as a teacher-training scheme. Their recognition of its formative character was linked to a number of strategies that were adopted by the group. At first, it was connected to the study and employment of the Child Involvement Scale; in the second stage, it was put into effect in some Childhood Education institutions of a high standard, and in the final phase it was applied to theoretical studies and activities that could be described as experimental. From the time of the initial assessment, the teachers turned their attention to work which had features that could be regarded as a central part of the training in context schemes. They were also aware of how the continuous training scheme differed from previous experiences insofar as it was continuous, prepared in partnership with the professional staff of the institution and geared towards a discussion of the needs and interests arising from everyday pedagogical practices. The factors that appear to be of crucial importance in involving the teachers in the process include the following: their gradual willingness to take part in an active way, a concern about contextualizing and understanding the weaknesses of the pedagogical work being carried out at that time, and the long period of living together. This last factor implied the need to establish affective relationships between members of the group, which could allow them to feel at ease in revealing what they did not know and learn how to cope with their inherent difficulties by undergoing a process of change. The teachers underlined the importance of having a theoretical foundation for their reflections on professional practice and referred to the way this training scheme was closely linked to the changes that they had observed in their pedagogical activities. / A formação continuada de professores da Educação Infantil constitui uma das condições necessárias para a melhoria da qualidade dos serviços educacionais oferecidos às crianças pequenas. Esta pesquisa buscou identificar e analisar as percepções das professoras acerca de uma proposta de formação em contexto.Visou especificamente descrever as características do contexto onde a formação aconteceu a fim de melhor perceber as possíveis influências que tiveram no desenvolvimento dessa proposta, analisar as perspectivas das professoras sobre a relação existente entre a formação em contexto e outras experiências de formação continuada por elas vivenciadas, e também identificar que aspectos das estratégias de formação em contexto dificultaram ou facilitaram a obtenção de seus objetivos. Esse trabalho teve como suporte teórico a perspectiva socioconstrutivista de Vygotsky (1994, 2000, 2004) e a ecologia do desenvolvimento humano de Bronfenbrenner (1992, 1996). Com base neste referencial, foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso, de cunho qualitativo, junto às professoras da Educação Infantil de uma instituição pública do Município de Fortaleza - Ceará - Brasil, onde foram efetuadas observações participantes e entrevistas com estas profissionais nas diferentes fases de realização dessa proposta (diagnóstico, planejamento e intervenção). As professoras, de uma maneira geral, perceberam que os objetivos do trabalho encontravam-se voltados para a melhoria da qualidade do atendimento educacional oferecido, considerando-o como uma proposta de formação de professores, desde a primeira fase de sua realização. Elas vincularam o reconhecimento do caráter formativo a algumas estratégias adotadas pelo grupo. No primeiro momento, esteve relacionado ao estudo e a aplicação da Escala de Envolvimento da Criança; no segundo, às visitas efetuadas a algumas instituições de Educação Infantil de qualidade, e no último aos estudos teóricos e atividades denominadas experimentais. Desde o diagnóstico, as professoras se referiram ao trabalho com características consideradas centrais na proposta de formação em contexto. Elas também o perceberam como proposta de formação continuada, diferenciada das suas experiências anteriores, por ser contínua, elaborada em parceria com os profissionais da instituição e direcionada para a discussão das necessidades e interesses relacionados às suas práticas pedagógicas concretas. Entre os aspectos que parecem ter sido cruciais para o envolvimento das professoras nesse processo estão a participação ativa paulatinamente assumida por elas, o cuidado em contextualizar e entender as fragilidades do trabalho pedagógico então realizado e o longo tempo de convivência, o qual favoreceu o estabelecimento de relações afetivas entre o grupo, que possibilitaram que elas se sentissem mais à vontade para mostrar o que não sabem e lidar com as dificuldades inerentes a um processo de mudança. As professoras ressaltaram a importância do embasamento teórico para a reflexão sobre sua prática profissional, exprimindo o vínculo entre esta proposta de formação e as mudanças por elas percebidas na sua ação pedagógica.

Syftet är att undersöka förskollärares uppfattningar om utevistelsens betydelse i den pedagogiska verksamheten, samt hur de uppfattar sin egen roll i detta arbete. Arbetet genomförs med fem förskollärare som intervjuas med kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Denna studie grundar sig på John Deweys teori där lärande och kunskap skapas genom handling och erfarenheter. ”Learning by doing” är ett begrepp som Dewey myntade vilket menar på att människor lär sig genom just hela sin kropp och sinnen. Resultatet från denna studie visar att förskollärarna tycker att utevistelsens betydelse är så pass viktig att de inte kan tänka sig en verksamhet utan den. De såg nästan inga nackdelar med utevistelsen utan fördelarna dominerade. De pedagogiska aktiviteter som gjordes ute på gården var ytterst få, utan det var det fria leken som belystes mest och de pedagogiska fördelarna med den. Den perfekta rollen för en förskollärare i utevistelsen ansågs vara medforskande, närvarande och delaktig men ändå ha en mer observerande och efterhållsam roll för att låta barnen känna frihet och lärande i det. / The purpose of this essay is to study preschool teacher’s thoughts about the outdoor educational activities and their role as educators in the outdoor area. The study based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with five preschool teachers. John Dewey's theory where learning and knowledge are created through action and experience is used to analyze the collected data. "Learning by doing" is a concept that Dewey coined, to express that people learn with their entire body and mind. The result of this study shows that preschool teacher defined that outdoor activities is so important that they can´t imagine a day without them. They saw almost no negative things about being outdoors, the benefits undoubtedly winning. The educational activities that were done in the yard were extremely few, it was the free play that was most talked about and the educational benefits of it. The perfect role for a preschool teacher in the outdoor activities was considered to be exploratory, present and participative, but also to have a more attentive and persistent role. The intention is to let the children feel free and give them learning opportunities.

Esta pesquisa discute aproximações entre infâncias, hipervisualidade e ensino de artes e culturas visuais, com o objetivo de refletir sobre a produção de fotografias e audiovisuais na educação infantil. Os aportes teóricos são os estudos da infância, do ensino das artes e culturas visuais e da audiovisualidade. A metodologia, de abordagem qualitativa, utilizou o método exploratório com um grupo de crianças. Para tal foi selecionada uma escola de educação infantil, situada na cidade de Porto Alegre (RS), e nesta um grupo de crianças do Jardim II, que no ano de 2015, realizaram e analisaram desenhos, fotografias e vídeos. Em forma de ensaio, esta dissertação aproxima-se das pesquisas exploratórias e narrativas, relacionando a experiência do pesquisador com os aportes teóricos dos campos relacionados. Concluiu-se que é oportuno propor exercícios com o uso de tecnologias de produção audiovisual na educação pré-escolar, de modo a auxiliar as crianças a se situarem na hipervisualidade em que estamos inseridos na contemporaneidade, permitindo um deslocamento do papel de consumidoras para os papéis de produtoras e leitoras de imagens e vídeos. / This research discusses approximations between childhood, hypervisuality and teaching of arts and visual cultures, with the objective of reflecting on the production of photographs and audiovisuals in early childhood education. The theoretical contributions are the studies of childhood, the teaching of the arts and visual cultures and audiovisuality. The methodology, with a qualitative approach, used the exploratory method with a group of children. For that, a kindergarten school was selected, located in the city of Porto Alegre (RS), and a group of children from Kindergarten II, who in the year 2015, made and analyzed drawings, photographs and videos. In the form of an essay, this dissertation approaches exploratory and narrative research, relating the researcher's experience with the theoretical contributions of related fields. It was concluded that it is opportune to propose exercises with the use of audiovisual production technologies in pre-school education, in order to help the children to be in the hypervisuality in which we are inserted in the contemporaneity, allowing a displacement of the role of consumers to the roles of producers and readers of images and videos.

abstract: The statement that all children will learn, grow, and develop to realize their full potential referenced continuously by educators seems to have little impact on schools in numerous school districts across the country. The Early Childhood Education programs continue to dwindle down and are the first to be cut from the budget, such as the pre-school/Early Childhood programs in each school. Administrators and policymakers tend to focus on the latter years instead of the early childhood years which are from pre-natal to eight. There have been few research studies on early childhood education in regard to family unit activities. Research does say that parents who are active in their child’s learning and school activities are positively associated with learning and school outcomes. Many parents take matters into their own hands and have started to prepare their children for school readiness and are not leaving it to the school system. This topic is the focus of this research: How parents get involved and what kinds of activities they do with their children to prepare them for school life. Twenty-five questions with sub questions were compiled in a survey that was administered to a sample of parents in three schools in the Gallup McKinley County School District located in Gallup, New Mexico, a small community with a population of 21,678 and over 100 diverse cultures. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Administration and Supervision 2016