Wu Min. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-114). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Declaration --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.ii / Publication list --- p.iii / Abstract (English) --- p.xi / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.xiv / Abbreviations --- p.xvi / List of figures / tables --- p.xviii / Chapter Chapter 1. --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Endothelial function in the regulation of vascular tone --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- NO --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- PGI2 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- EDHF --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Alteration of endothelial functions after preservation with cardioplegia /organ preservation solutions in the coronary and pulmonary microcirculations --- p.18 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Cardioplegia/organ preservation solutions --- p.21 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Effect of Cardioplegia/organ preservation solutions on endothelial function --- p.22 / Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Effect of K+ on endothelial function --- p.23 / Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Effect of other components on endothelial function --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1 --- Isometric force study in coronary/pulmonary resistance arteries --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Preparation of vessels --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Preparation of porcine coronary small arteries --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Preparation of porcine pulmonary small arteries --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Technique of setting up --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Mounting of small vessels --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Normalization procedure for small vessels --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- EDHF-mediated vasorelaxation --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Precontraction and stimuli of EDHF --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- """True"" response of EDHF" --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Data acquisition and analysis --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2 --- Electrophysiological study --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Preparation of small porcine coronary/pulmonary arteries --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Preparation of microelectrode --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Impaling of microelectrode --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Recording of membrane potential --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4 --- Chemicals --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Effects of Celsior Solution on Endothelial Function in Resistance Coronary Arteries Compared to St. Thomas' Hospital Solution --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1 --- Abstract --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2 --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Experimental design and analysis --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Vessel preparation --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Normalization --- p.40 / Chapter 3:3.3 --- "Relaxation study: BK-induced, EDHF-mediated relaxation" --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Cellular electrophysiological study: EDHF-mediated cellular hyperpolarization and associated relaxation --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Data analysis --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Relaxation study --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- Resting force --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- U46619-induced precontraction --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.1.3 --- EDHF-mediated relaxation --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Electrophysiological studies --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- Resting membrane potential --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4.2.2 --- EDHF-mediated cellular hyperpolarization --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.2.3 --- Cellular hyperpolarization-associated relaxation --- p.45 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Effects of Celsior solution on endothelial function --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Effects of ST solution on EDHF-mediated function --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Comparison between Celsior and ST solutions on EDHF-mediated function --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Clinical implications --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Effects of Perfadex and Celsior Solution on Endothelial Function in Resistance Pulmonary Arteries --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1 --- Abstract --- p.57 / Chapter 4.2 --- Introduction --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental design and analysis --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Vessel Preparation --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Normalization --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Isometric force study --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Electrophysiological studies --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Data analysis --- p.61 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Relaxation study: EDHF-mediated relaxation --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Resting force --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- U46619-induced precontraction --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4.1.3 --- EDHF-mediated relaxation --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Electrophysiological studies --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Resting membrane potential --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- EDHF-mediated cellular hyperpolarization --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.2.3 --- Cellular hyperpolarization-associated relaxation --- p.64 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.65 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Effects of Celsior solution on endothelial function during cardiopulmonary surgery --- p.65 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Effects of Perfadex solution on EDHF-mediated endothelial function --- p.66 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Comparison between Celsior and Perfadex solutions on EDHF-mediated function --- p.66 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Clinical implications --- p.67 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Exploration of the Nature of EDHF - the Effect of H2O2 on the Membrane Potential in the Rat Small Mesenteric Arteries --- p.73 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- General Discussion --- p.75 / Chapter 6.1 --- EDHF-mediated endothelial function in porcine coronary and pulmonary circulation --- p.75 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Role of EDHF in the regulation of porcine coronary arterial tone --- p.75 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Role of EDHF in the regulation of porcine pulmonary arterial tone --- p.76 / Chapter 6.2 --- Alteration of EDHF-mediated endothelial functions after exposure to organ preservation solutions --- p.77 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Effects of hyperkalemic solution on EDHF-mediated endothelial function in coronary and pulmonary circulation --- p.78 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Effects of low-potassium-based preservation solution on EDHF-mediated endothelial function in pulmonary circulation --- p.79 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Comparison between hyperkalemic solution and low-potassium-based preservation solution on EDHF-mediated endothelial function --- p.80 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Effects of other component of organ preservation solutions on EDHF-mediated endothelial function --- p.81 / Chapter 6.3 --- Clinical implications --- p.82 / Chapter 6.4 --- The effect of H202 on the membrane potential in rat small mesenteric arteries --- p.83 / Chapter 6.5 --- Limitation of the study --- p.84 / Chapter 6.6 --- Future investigations --- p.85 / Chapter 6.7 --- Conclusions --- p.85 / References --- p.87

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo prolongar o tempo de vida comercial do pescado beneficiado, através da utilização das radiações ionizantes, associadas às técnicas complementares de refrigeração, sob a ótica do alimento minimamente processado. Analisou-se os aspectos físicos, químicos, nutricionais e microbiológicos de tilápias da espécie nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus) evisceradas e em cortes comerciais, separadas em amostras irradiadas com 1; 2,2 e 5 kGy e não irradiadas, armazenadas sob refrigeração na faixa de 0,5 a -2ºC, durante 20 e 30 dias. Notou-se que a umidade nas amostras não irradiadas diminuiu, com conseqüentes alterações nos teores de proteína e lipídeos, que aumentaram nos períodos de análise; já as amostras irradiadas mantiveram-se estáveis. O pH foi um indicativo importante para a determinação do frescor do peixe, associado ao índice de bases nitrogenadas voláteis totais (BNVT) e ao nitrogênio não-protéico (NNP) os quais, mostraram-se crescentes para as amostras não irradiadas; enquanto que para as irradiadas mantiveram-se estáveis. O acompanhamento microbiológico para coliformes totais e fecais durante o período de armazenamento, permitiu verificar a eficácia da irradiação, uma vez que, as amostras irradiadas apresentaram contagens microbiológicas abaixo dos valores mínimos estabelecidos pela legislação para pescado, fato que não ocorreu para as amostras não irradiadas. Salmonella e Staphylococcus aureus não foram detectados. Analisaram-se os teores de aminoácidos, em matéria seca, e de ácidos graxos dos lipídeos extraídos das tilápias, notando-se estabilidade nas amostras irradiadas e decréscimo nos valores encontrados para as não irradiadas, nos períodos estudados. Determinaram-se também, substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e os resultados mostraram tendência ao aumento conforme o aumento da dose de irradiação. A boa aceitação para aparência, aroma, cor e textura obtida na análise sensorial dos produtos armazenados por um período de 30 dias, mostrou a viabilidade do processo combinado de irradiação e refrigeração quanto à intenção de estender a vida útil das tilápias submetidas ao processamento mínimo. / The objective of this study is to enhance the shelf-life of processed fish, combining ionizing radiation and refrigeration with minimal processing. The physical, chemical, nutritional and microbiological characteristics of the specie Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) were studied in eviscerated samples and in commercial cuts. The fish were separated into samples irradiated with 1.0, 2.2 and 5 kGy and non-irradiated samples. They were stored at temperatures ranging from 0.5C to -2C for 20 and 30 days. During storage, the level of moisture in the non-irradiated samples decreased and the levels of protein and lipid increased while the irradiated samples remained stable. The levels of pH, TVB-N and NPN increased in the non-irradiated samples but tended to remain stable in the irradiated fish samples. During storage, microbiological analyses for the presence of coliforms proved the efficiency of the irradiation process. The irradiated samples had a microbiological content below the levels established by the Brazilian seafood legislation, whereas the non-irradiated samples had a higher microbiological content and were not in conformity with the officially permitted levels. Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected. The levels of amino acids in muscles and fatty acids in oil remained stable in the irradiated fish stored samples but decreased in the non-irradiated ones. Lipid-oxidation, measured by the TBARS test, showed a tendency to increase when the dose of irradiation increased. The storage products after 30 days showed good acceptability for sensorial parameters, aparance, odour, color and texture, so it is possible to increase the shelf life of a minimally processed tilapia using combined irradiation and refrigeration.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

在臺灣如國史館、國史館臺灣文獻館、中央研究院臺灣史研究所檔案館等機構收藏了非常多珍貴的歷史檔案。這些機構不一定名為檔案館，但典藏許多有價值的檔案，具檔案館之實，因此皆屬於「檔案典藏機構」，且有相當的重要性。 為讓文獻傳遞正確真實的資訊、方便使用者查閱、使用，需提供適當的典藏環境與合適的保存、維護措施。正如檔案館的徵集、編排需制定政策、規範、流程作為行政指引，檔案館藏的保存維護也需要館藏維護政策（Preservation Policy）輔助實行。 本研究透過文獻探討、內容分析了解國內外重要檔案典藏機構的館藏維護政策，提出建議的館藏維護政策綱要，再訪談國內檔案典藏機構人員目前保存維護措施執行的困難、對館藏維護政策功能、是否需要制定等問題的看法。 研究結果顯示臺灣目前尚無機構訂有此政策，相關規範散布於細項法規，但受訪者普遍認可館藏維護政策的正面效益與功能，以及現在機構存在例如專業人力不足、相關規範面向偏狹等問題。 本研究建議機構由自我評估著手，了解機構需求，嘗試制定長期保存維護計畫，再逐漸往制定政策的目標邁進，並對內、外推廣保存維護概念，提升人員對此議題的重視與瞭解。 / There are many institutions in Taiwan like Academia Historica, Taiwan Historica, National Palace Museum, and they reposit many valuable historical archives. Though their name may not called “the Archive”, but they actually have lots of precious archives. Therefore, they all belong to “Archives Repository” and quite important. For the correction of information in archives, and the convenience of search and use, archives repositories have to provide applicable storage environment, preservation and conservation measures for archives. As the acquisition and arrangement of the Archive need to establish policy, standard or procedures as administrative guides, the preservation measures for the historical archives also need a “Preservation Policy” to assist with it. By document analysis and content analysis, this study attempted to comprehend the preservation policies’ content of archives repositories in Taiwan and overseas and then adressed an advised preservation policy schema. Lastly, interviewed with employees in archives repositories discussing the difficulties of implementing preservation measures, the effects and demand of preservation policy, and so forth. The search result shows that there are no archives repositories having this kind of policy in Taiwan. The related directions disperse in diverse legislations and standards. But interviewees generally approved the positive benefits of preservation policy. And they also acknowledged management problems existing in organization such as insufficient professional manpower and related legislations. Based on the findings, this study proposes some suggestions that advices these institutions start from self-survey to assessing preservation needs. In addition, archives repositories can promote the significance of preservation issue, as to raise the conscious about it. Keywords: Preservation Policy, Archives Repository, Policy, Preservation, Conservation

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-16T12:52:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDF.pdf: 3395824 bytes, checksum: f7b6d6e9d68f035d109bf35738313c29 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-16T19:45:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDF.pdf: 3395824 bytes, checksum: f7b6d6e9d68f035d109bf35738313c29 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-16T19:45:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDF.pdf: 3395824 bytes, checksum: f7b6d6e9d68f035d109bf35738313c29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T19:45:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDF.pdf: 3395824 bytes, checksum: f7b6d6e9d68f035d109bf35738313c29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / Não recebi financiamento / With the significant increase in the production and acquisition of digital content, initiatives for the recovery and long-term data preservation are being created and studied in the light of changes in technological storage and access to information resources. In this context, the aim of the research was to verify to what extent standards or metadata schemas for digital preservation have been discussed by the field of Information Science and related fields (Archival Science, Library Science, Museology etc.), pointing out how these schemas could meet the structuring demands of institutional repositories more adequately for the preservation of digital documents. In terms of method, an exploratory study, based on bibliographic and documentary research relating to standards or metadata schemes used in the scope of digital preservation, was conducted. A comparative analysis of standards or metadata schemes identified in the literature was carried out, based on core metadata elements considered for digital preservation. Regarding the results, a theoretical technical framework is presented, that seeks to systematize standards or metadata schemes applicable to digital preservation, such as DC, MODS, EAD, ANSI/NISO Z39.87 or MIX, METS and PREMIS and at the same time, that may be relevant for modeling digital institutional repositories. It was found that the guarantee of long-term digital preservation will only be possible with the effective implementation of standards and metadata schemas, because it is they that define the description, representation, consistency and persistence of the digital object/resource in the information environment, as well as determining interoperability between systems. There is no way to say which of the existing metadata schema fully ensures digital preservation but that it is indeed possible to have different standards working together in order to complement the effective registration of the information required in managing preservation and usable access over time of digital objects/resources. / Com o expressivo aumento na produção e aquisição de conteúdos digitais, ações de recuperação e de preservação de dados a longo prazo estão sendo criadas e estudadas defronte às mudanças tecnológicas de armazenamento e de acesso aos recursos informacionais. Nesse contexto, objetiva-se verificar em que medida padrões ou esquemas de metadados no âmbito da preservação digital têm sido discutidos pelo campo da Ciência da Informação e áreas afins (Arquivologia, Biblioteconomia, Museologia etc.), apontando de que maneira estes esquemas poderiam atender as demandas de estruturação de repositórios institucionais de maneira mais adequada para a preservação de documentos digitais. Como metodologia destaca-se a realização de um estudo exploratório, pautado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental referente aos padrões ou esquemas de metadados utilizados no escopo da preservação digital. Aplicou-se a análise comparativa dos padrões ou esquemas de metadados identificados na literatura, baseada em elementos de metadados considerados essenciais para a preservação digital. Como resultado apresenta-se um quadro referencial teórico, técnico e sistematizado de padrões ou esquemas de metadados aplicáveis à preservação digital, tais como DC, MODS, EAD, ANSI/NISO Z39.87 ou MIX, METS e PREMIS e, ao mesmo tempo, que podem ser relevantes para a modelagem de repositórios institucionais digitais. Constatou-se que a garantia de preservação digital a longo prazo só será possível com a adoção efetiva de padrões ou esquemas de metadados, pois são eles que definirão a descrição, a representação, a consistência e a persistência do recurso/objeto digital no ambiente informacional, além de determinar a interoperabilidade entre sistemas. Não há como afirmar qual é o único esquema de metadados existente que assegure totalmente a preservação digital e, sim, que diferentes padrões podem trabalhar juntos, de modo a se auto complementarem para o registro eficaz das informações requeridas na gestão da preservação e do acesso utilizável ao longo do tempo de objetos/recursos digitais.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T15:23:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1509827 bytes, checksum: a36a2f9a4b87614e8477aa88bde6f8e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Journalism is a form of knowledge. And as knowledge registered, documented, becomes part of the field of history, collective memory and social representation and becomes subject to attention and study by Information Science. This paper verified the existence or absence of digital preservation activities in a journal daily newspaper printed and Centennial - Jornal O Norte - member of one of the largest mass media in Brazil - the Diarios Associados Group - and how these results can influence the loss of social memory. For that visits were made to the files of the Journal - collection on paper and what should be a regular digital newspaper library - where photographs were taken and data collection in bits, in detail, the first six months of 2000 - the year the process of digital storage of O Norte started. The finding of complete absence of digital preservation policy in this company has become even more chronic when the data show a total loss of 23.3% of the data should be stored and, if not (re) scan, may be doomed the "amnesia" of zeros and ones. Based on this and other percentage of the survey results, this work suggests some actions to preserve digital bits in the O Norte and also proposes a model for digital preservation based on the precept of family memory of Fernando Catroga. / O Jornalismo é uma forma de conhecimento. E como conhecimento registrado, documentado, passa a integrar o campo da história, da memória coletiva como representação social e torna-se passível de atenção e de estudos pela Ciência da Informação. Esta dissertação verificou a existência ou ausência de ações de preservação digital em um periódico impresso jornalístico diário e centenário o Jornal O Norte -, integrante de um dos maiores grupos de comunicação de massa do Brasil os Diários Associados -, e como esses resultados podem influenciar na perda de memória social. Para isso foram realizadas visitas aos arquivos do Jornal coleção em papel e o que deveria ser uma hemeroteca digital do periódico -, onde foram feitas fotografias e coleta de dados em bits, em detalhes, dos seis primeiros meses do ano 2000 ano em que o processo de armazenamento digital de O Norte foi iniciado. A constatação de total ausência de política de preservação digital nessa empresa tornou-se ainda mais crônica quando os dados apontaram uma perda total de 23,3% dos dados que deveria estar armazenados e que, se não forem (re)digitalizados, podem estar condenados à amnésia de zeros e uns. Tomando como base esse e outros resultados percentuais do levantamento, este trabalho sugere algumas ações de preservação digital para o arquivo em bits do Jornal O Norte e propõe, ainda, um modelo de preservação digital com base no preceito de memória familiar de Fernando Catroga.

O presente estudo trata da questão da sustentabilidade dos municípios dando um enfoque através das áreas de preservação permanentes. Traz à tona, por meio do método analítico e da revisão bibliográfica, as dinâmicas dos ambientes naturais, as interferências causadas pelo homem ao longo dos anos e algumas conseqüências decorrentes das suas práticas predatórias, com relação a implantação das cidades, ou seja, dos ambientes artificiais. Procura também verificar os mecanismos legais que possibilitem a garantia de um meio ambiente equilibrado através do papel dos municípios para tal implementação, além de apresentar algumas contradições em relação à falsa dicotomia entre os temas desenvolvimento e preservação ambiental. Analisa por fim a legislação referente às áreas de preservação permanente inferindo sobre a importância do uso adequado das mesmas. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-15T16:54:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Henrique Meyer.pdf: 545359 bytes, checksum: 833a7e9799dd5638cdcf0163a4333eb5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-15T16:54:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Henrique Meyer.pdf: 545359 bytes, checksum: 833a7e9799dd5638cdcf0163a4333eb5 (MD5) / The present study referes upon the cities supportability pointing out through permanent preventions areas. Which brings out by analytic method and bibliographic revision the dinamic of environments. The interferences caused by men through years, and some consequences taking of their spoiled practice in relation of the placing cities or else artificial environments. It searches also verify legal systems which would make possible the warranty of a balanced environment taken by cities. Besides it presents some contradictions related to the false division between the subjects development and environmental preservation. It analyses the current Law refering to permanent prevention areas infering upon the importance of the proper use of them.

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo prolongar o tempo de vida comercial do pescado beneficiado, através da utilização das radiações ionizantes, associadas às técnicas complementares de refrigeração, sob a ótica do alimento minimamente processado. Analisou-se os aspectos físicos, químicos, nutricionais e microbiológicos de tilápias da espécie nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus) evisceradas e em cortes comerciais, separadas em amostras irradiadas com 1; 2,2 e 5 kGy e não irradiadas, armazenadas sob refrigeração na faixa de 0,5 a -2ºC, durante 20 e 30 dias. Notou-se que a umidade nas amostras não irradiadas diminuiu, com conseqüentes alterações nos teores de proteína e lipídeos, que aumentaram nos períodos de análise; já as amostras irradiadas mantiveram-se estáveis. O pH foi um indicativo importante para a determinação do frescor do peixe, associado ao índice de bases nitrogenadas voláteis totais (BNVT) e ao nitrogênio não-protéico (NNP) os quais, mostraram-se crescentes para as amostras não irradiadas; enquanto que para as irradiadas mantiveram-se estáveis. O acompanhamento microbiológico para coliformes totais e fecais durante o período de armazenamento, permitiu verificar a eficácia da irradiação, uma vez que, as amostras irradiadas apresentaram contagens microbiológicas abaixo dos valores mínimos estabelecidos pela legislação para pescado, fato que não ocorreu para as amostras não irradiadas. Salmonella e Staphylococcus aureus não foram detectados. Analisaram-se os teores de aminoácidos, em matéria seca, e de ácidos graxos dos lipídeos extraídos das tilápias, notando-se estabilidade nas amostras irradiadas e decréscimo nos valores encontrados para as não irradiadas, nos períodos estudados. Determinaram-se também, substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e os resultados mostraram tendência ao aumento conforme o aumento da dose de irradiação. A boa aceitação para aparência, aroma, cor e textura obtida na análise sensorial dos produtos armazenados por um período de 30 dias, mostrou a viabilidade do processo combinado de irradiação e refrigeração quanto à intenção de estender a vida útil das tilápias submetidas ao processamento mínimo. / The objective of this study is to enhance the shelf-life of processed fish, combining ionizing radiation and refrigeration with minimal processing. The physical, chemical, nutritional and microbiological characteristics of the specie Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) were studied in eviscerated samples and in commercial cuts. The fish were separated into samples irradiated with 1.0, 2.2 and 5 kGy and non-irradiated samples. They were stored at temperatures ranging from 0.5C to -2C for 20 and 30 days. During storage, the level of moisture in the non-irradiated samples decreased and the levels of protein and lipid increased while the irradiated samples remained stable. The levels of pH, TVB-N and NPN increased in the non-irradiated samples but tended to remain stable in the irradiated fish samples. During storage, microbiological analyses for the presence of coliforms proved the efficiency of the irradiation process. The irradiated samples had a microbiological content below the levels established by the Brazilian seafood legislation, whereas the non-irradiated samples had a higher microbiological content and were not in conformity with the officially permitted levels. Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected. The levels of amino acids in muscles and fatty acids in oil remained stable in the irradiated fish stored samples but decreased in the non-irradiated ones. Lipid-oxidation, measured by the TBARS test, showed a tendency to increase when the dose of irradiation increased. The storage products after 30 days showed good acceptability for sensorial parameters, aparance, odour, color and texture, so it is possible to increase the shelf life of a minimally processed tilapia using combined irradiation and refrigeration.

O presente estudo trata da questão da sustentabilidade dos municípios dando um enfoque através das áreas de preservação permanentes. Traz à tona, por meio do método analítico e da revisão bibliográfica, as dinâmicas dos ambientes naturais, as interferências causadas pelo homem ao longo dos anos e algumas conseqüências decorrentes das suas práticas predatórias, com relação a implantação das cidades, ou seja, dos ambientes artificiais. Procura também verificar os mecanismos legais que possibilitem a garantia de um meio ambiente equilibrado através do papel dos municípios para tal implementação, além de apresentar algumas contradições em relação à falsa dicotomia entre os temas desenvolvimento e preservação ambiental. Analisa por fim a legislação referente às áreas de preservação permanente inferindo sobre a importância do uso adequado das mesmas. / The present study referes upon the cities supportability pointing out through permanent preventions areas. Which brings out by analytic method and bibliographic revision the dinamic of environments. The interferences caused by men through years, and some consequences taking of their spoiled practice in relation of the placing cities or else artificial environments. It searches also verify legal systems which would make possible the warranty of a balanced environment taken by cities. Besides it presents some contradictions related to the false division between the subjects development and environmental preservation. It analyses the current Law refering to permanent prevention areas infering upon the importance of the proper use of them.

Orientador: Claudete de Castro Silva Vitte / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T03:40:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_MelissaRamosdaSilva_M.pdf: 11484574 bytes, checksum: 53c87678b8a6746f9342dc17956080e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O desenvolvimento de políticas voltadas para a preservação do patrimônio no Brasil se trata de um fato recente, sobretudo as que tratam de sítios históricos urbanos, onde além da gestão das cidades, há o desafio de adaptar estas formas às novas funções, sem compromete-las enquanto memória do lugar. Na esteira dos novos sentidos que vem sendo atribuídos aos espaços das cidades, onde o "valor de uso" foi substituído pelo "valor de troca", esta pesquisa analisa a prática da preservação do patrimônio ambiental urbano em Ouro Preto enfocando a gestão patrimonia/, ou seja, as ações do Estado que repercutem de forma direta ou indireta sobre a proteção e a normatização do patrimônio e seus possíveis usos enquanto estrutura básica do território das cidades. Assim, por meio da análise do processo de produção do espaço urbano de Ouro Preto, procuramos destacar a emersão de seu patrimônio no contexto de desenvolvimento da política patrimonial brasileira, as "formas-conteúdo" da cidade, hoje reconhecidas como Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade pela UNESCO. Pautados no desenvolvimento da política patrimonial brasileira, procuramos entender como se deu o processo de mercantilização do patrimônio, no qual se destaca a refuncionalização turística e o Programa Monumenta. Analisamos também os instrumentos da política urbana estabelecidos pelo Estatuto da Cidade, enfocando o Plano Diretor, para assim, averiguarmos até que ponto a preservação da mercadoria-patrimônio está inserida na gestão cotidiana da cidade / Abstract: The Politics of Development toward the preservation of the heritage in Brazil is a recent fact, especially the ones that deal with urban historical place, where beyond the management of the cities, it has the challenge to adapt these forms to the new functions, without compromising the place's memory. Recently, the cities have been granted with a new sense of space, where the "use value" was replaced by the "exchange value". The purpose of this research is to analyze the practical use of the urban heritage preservation in Ouro Preto focusing on the heritage management, in other words, the actions of the State that reflect direct or indirect over the protection and the rules of the heritage and its possible uses while basic structure of the cities territories. Thus, analyzing the production process of the urban space in Ouro Preto, we attempt to emphasize how its heritage emerge into the development context of the patrimomial Brazilian politics, the "form-content" of the city, today recognized as UNESCO's World Heritage. Based in the development of the patrimonial Brazilian politics, we try to understand how the merchandising process of the heritage happened, in which highlighted the touristic refunctionalization and the Monumenta Programo. We also analyze the instruments that the urban politics established by the City Statute, focusing on the Master Plan. For thus, we investigate up to where the preservation of the merchandise-heritage is inserted in the daily management of the city / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia