第一章 維持和平、強制和平、調停、以及強制外交：概念與定義 這一章分成兩個主要的部分。第一節討論維護和平（peacekeeping）、強制和平執行（peace-enforcement）以及調和（peacemaking）的概念和定義；此外，這些概念和定義，和西非國家經濟共同體（ECOWAS）在賴比瑞亞發起的維持和平行動（peace keeping operation）之間的關連性。第二節首先解釋強制外交（coercive diplomacy）的模式，並且探討ECOWAS在賴比瑞亞進行維持和平行動時，雖然並非有意或故意地應用此模式，但是，根據作者的分析，ECOWAS在賴比瑞亞的行動，卻可明確地解釋為強制外交策略的運用。 　第二章　ECOWAS與賴比瑞亞危機 第二章著眼於賴比瑞亞內戰時，ECOWAS的危機處理。ECOWAS成立於1975年5月，是一個促進西非經濟發展的組織。十五年來，該組織均未悖離其成立宗旨。不過到了1990年，當這個次區域性組織決定介入賴比瑞亞內戰後，它的傳統有了改變。這一章區分成四個主要部分：第一節一窺ECOWAS的目標與發展。第二節重溯賴比瑞亞危機的源頭。第三節，從政治的角度切入，討論ECOWAS介入賴比瑞亞內戰的必要性及合法性。最後一節討論的是在這個次地域當中，存在於英語系國家（the Anglophones）和法語系國家（the Francophones）之間，對政治主導性永無休止的爭鬥，以及他們對維護賴比瑞亞和平的傷害。 第三章　賴比瑞亞境內的維持和平（peacekeeping），1990-1997：強制外交模式的解釋 本章嘗試重塑出ECOWAS在致力於維護賴比瑞亞和平的七年期間的危機處理，即是以「強制外交」的模式，進行其維持和平的努力。關於強制外交的普遍性認知，是恫嚇敵方一旦不服從就會受到處罰，而藉以達到支持某方對敵方行使命令權的目的，其威脅的程度大到足以說服敵方順從此命令。因此，強制外交的理論，是假設行使強制權一方和反動者兩者的完全理性。此研究中，作者採用強制外交一詞，來表示此策略的『防禦性』（defensive）意義，即盡力說服反動者停止並且╱或是取消已著手進行的行動。在賴比瑞亞和平維持行動的案例中，奈吉利亞，此一西非的『霸權』（hegemony）；是公認的『強制性威權』（coercive power）。而身為賴比瑞亞國家愛國陣線（NPFL）的領導人，查爾斯•泰勒則是被視作強制性行動的『反動者』（opponent）。這一章分為四個主要的部分：第一節著眼於奈吉利亞的強制性威權；第二節討論賴比瑞亞國家統一臨時政府（IGNU）的組成；第三節在討論賴比瑞亞國會議員以及賴比瑞亞國家過渡政府（LNTG）的組成；最後一節檢視自阿布查一世協定（Abuja I Accord）和阿布查二世協定（Abuja II Accord）之後，在賴比瑞亞的危機處理方面，賴國國會議員以及ECOWAS間的互動。 第四章 賴比瑞亞衝突的最終解決之道 成功的調停是是一種含容、誘導和修正的混合。調停者必須能夠阻止衝突的迫近或升高，並將衝突的雙方自敵對的觀念和行動中分開，並且有能力把他們引入一個較和諧的關係當中。調停者事實上也是個參與、運用強制性霸權的角色，能夠迫使頑強的一方妥協，並同意原先不願接受的解決方案。最好的情況下，調停者必須有足以威嚇衝突雙方的力量與權威，而使他們瞭解倘若解決之道沒有被採用的話，他們將面對無止盡的衝突；且即使解決之道獲得採用，也必須確實執行。這一章在探討賴比瑞亞內戰的最終解決之道。在這場維持和平的戲碼中，ECOWAS和聯合國駐賴比瑞亞觀察團（UNOMIL）是不可或缺的要角。這一章分成三個主要的部分。第一節討論在阿布查二世協定後，停戰以及終止動員的過程。作者對於停戰的定義是，在限期之內，鼓勵各個傾軋的派系交出武器的政治過程。而終止動員則是一種透過提供經濟誘因，使得原武裝士兵重新融入平民的過程。第二節探討在部分停戰以及停止徵用各式國民軍後，政治黨派的形成及隨之而來的歷史性選舉。最後一節則審視查爾斯•泰勒的崛起，而成為賴比瑞亞內戰後的民選總統。 第五章 ECOWAS與聯合國的合作 第五章探討由聯合國和ECOWAS所發起的合作行動，目的在為受戰爭蹂躪的賴比瑞亞謀求和平。這是聯合國破天荒第一遭可以和另一個組織—在此個案中，是一個次區域性組織—共同採取維持和平的行動。賴比瑞亞的個案提供了一個有用的實證性基礎，去評估聯合國和區域性機構之間，彼此分工合作的觀念，亦即與非官方組織（NGO）的合作能夠符合「聯合國憲章」第三十三條的精神。這一章分為三節，試圖評估在賴比瑞亞的衝突時，ECOWAS和聯合國合作所採取的回應行動的成效如何。第一節探討合作的原因。第二節則是合作的本質。最後一節提出造成合作失敗的原因。

在臺灣如國史館、國史館臺灣文獻館、中央研究院臺灣史研究所檔案館等機構收藏了非常多珍貴的歷史檔案。這些機構不一定名為檔案館，但典藏許多有價值的檔案，具檔案館之實，因此皆屬於「檔案典藏機構」，且有相當的重要性。 為讓文獻傳遞正確真實的資訊、方便使用者查閱、使用，需提供適當的典藏環境與合適的保存、維護措施。正如檔案館的徵集、編排需制定政策、規範、流程作為行政指引，檔案館藏的保存維護也需要館藏維護政策（Preservation Policy）輔助實行。 本研究透過文獻探討、內容分析了解國內外重要檔案典藏機構的館藏維護政策，提出建議的館藏維護政策綱要，再訪談國內檔案典藏機構人員目前保存維護措施執行的困難、對館藏維護政策功能、是否需要制定等問題的看法。 研究結果顯示臺灣目前尚無機構訂有此政策，相關規範散布於細項法規，但受訪者普遍認可館藏維護政策的正面效益與功能，以及現在機構存在例如專業人力不足、相關規範面向偏狹等問題。 本研究建議機構由自我評估著手，了解機構需求，嘗試制定長期保存維護計畫，再逐漸往制定政策的目標邁進，並對內、外推廣保存維護概念，提升人員對此議題的重視與瞭解。 / There are many institutions in Taiwan like Academia Historica, Taiwan Historica, National Palace Museum, and they reposit many valuable historical archives. Though their name may not called “the Archive”, but they actually have lots of precious archives. Therefore, they all belong to “Archives Repository” and quite important. For the correction of information in archives, and the convenience of search and use, archives repositories have to provide applicable storage environment, preservation and conservation measures for archives. As the acquisition and arrangement of the Archive need to establish policy, standard or procedures as administrative guides, the preservation measures for the historical archives also need a “Preservation Policy” to assist with it. By document analysis and content analysis, this study attempted to comprehend the preservation policies’ content of archives repositories in Taiwan and overseas and then adressed an advised preservation policy schema. Lastly, interviewed with employees in archives repositories discussing the difficulties of implementing preservation measures, the effects and demand of preservation policy, and so forth. The search result shows that there are no archives repositories having this kind of policy in Taiwan. The related directions disperse in diverse legislations and standards. But interviewees generally approved the positive benefits of preservation policy. And they also acknowledged management problems existing in organization such as insufficient professional manpower and related legislations. Based on the findings, this study proposes some suggestions that advices these institutions start from self-survey to assessing preservation needs. In addition, archives repositories can promote the significance of preservation issue, as to raise the conscious about it. Keywords: Preservation Policy, Archives Repository, Policy, Preservation, Conservation

ERP系統的使用在國內已邁入成熟期，成為企業永續經營不可或缺的基礎建設，然而針對ERP維護管理的研究卻寥寥可數；而結合ERP使用與維護、知識創造與移轉、智慧資本三者的應用性知識之研究更是罕見。本研究以探索性個案研究的方式，針對國內已導入ERP系統且上線使用超過五年以上的三家企業進行深度訪談，藉由探討個案公司ERP系統的建置、使用與維護歷程，以了解在學術界與實務界較少涉及的ERP維護管理問題，同時以知識創造與移轉的角度切入，探討企業對於ERP系統的使用與維護係如何影響企業的智慧資本存量，從而作為往後研究與實務上應用之參考。 本研究主要研究發現包括：知識創造來源受到「維護經驗深化」、「技術移轉」及「自製或外購系統」等三因素的影響；中小企業可強化知識外化的機制如建置經驗資料庫、採用群組軟體，或組織跨部門的維護專案小組等方式來加強知識移轉的效果；由高階管理階層主動發起維護活動可克服在維護時由各部門相互協商效率欠佳的問題，同時較能確保維護成效，達到較高結構資本的累積；ERP系統維護係直接影響人力資本與結構資本，再透過系統的使用而影響關係資本。

政策分析，乃是幫助政府對於政策規劃階段，提供決策者必需的資訊，使政府在更充 份更周延的背景脈絡下，作更健全的決策。而社會秩序維護法，是政府鑒於民國三十 二年施行違警罰法迄今，目前社會情勢已有變更，為加強人民身體自由之保障，及符 合憲法第八條第一項之本旨，勢非加以修訂不可。筆者乃藉此難得機會，提出縐蕘之 見，希望對將來制訂實施之本法，有所助益。 本論文共分六章，都七萬餘言，茲將各章重點摘記於後： 第一章緒論，首先說明政策分析的概念，以便藉此概念來分析社會秩序維護法草案， 其次述及本文之研究動機與目的，研究範圍與限制，研究方法與步驟。 第二章本論文的基本思想，認為人民權利之保障與社會秩序的維持，必需相輔相成， 相得益彰；社會秩序的維持單靠法律是不夠的。 第三章對於現行違警罰法的問題，加以範圍的界定，從大法官會議解釋談起，然後對 實體法，程序法及分則的部分皆分別指出。 第四章提出作者對備選方案的基本法則，也就是從德奧等國之立法例，說明類此秩序 違反罰法之普遍法則。 第五章對於草案之評價，說明其要點，特色，商榷之處與改進建議，本平衡的，革新 的，創意的觀點，略抒己見。 第六章結論。

機器設備之有效運用，為工廠管理主要目標之一，而維護管理之良窳為其成敗關鍵 所在，有鑒於此，謹以五章之篇幅，闡明機器設備維護之有關問題，期能提供國內 工廠推行維護管理之參考。全文章次及內容如下： 第一章緒論。說明維護管理之意義及本研究內容之概述。第二章研討維護工作及政 策。第三章論述維護性備件存貨之控存，以電算機模擬方法研討個案實例。第四章 為個案研究，將管理之理論及方法應用到某機械加工工廠，為該廠之維護工作擬訂 規劃方案。諸如機器設備分級之研討：根據維護成本之構成與實例，研判以實際維 護成本資料從事分級之可能性，及採行重要因素評比方法作為分級標準之內容。進 而從事維護計劃之擬定，工作衡量、排程、派工及督導等，同時本此觀念，設計故 障修理使用之表單，並對其未來長期發展各階段亦予研討規劃。第五章為結論。 #2810563 #2810563

本論文是探討同住一屋簷下的手足有學業表現差異時，父母基於要讓成績較差的孩子有進步動力與仿效對象，會對孩子說出比較話語（即明白指出優者和劣者，且要求劣者向優者學習的話），而對受比較者的影響。此種手足比較形式有別於西方社會常見的主動社會比較與被動-強迫式比較，乃命名之為「被動-第三者比較」。在上述前提下，研究者關心的問題有三個：（1）父母說比較話語的現實面（2）孩子在被動-第三者比較情境產生的認知和情緒反應（3）孩子在被動-第三者比較情境產生的認知、情緒反應與手足關係。研究者藉由Tesser理論形成相關假設，再加入華人文化的特色，期待研究結果貼近本土現象。 本文共有兩個研究。研究一，採取問卷調查法（家中手足比較現象調查表）和訪談法，施測於國小生、國中生和高職生，以瞭解父母說比較話語和比較向度之盛行率、被動-第三者比較的話語內容和情境與優者和劣者的認知、情緒反應。研究二，利用研究一的訪談結果修改原先問卷，施測於國小生和國中生，進一步瞭解一般孩子於被動-第三者比較情境產生的認知和情緒反應，與被動-第三者比較情境產生的認知、情緒反應與手足關係。發現如下的重要研究結果： 1約有七成的孩子曾聽父母說過被動-第三者比較話語。 2「學業表現」和「行為規矩」是最常被比較的向度。 3父母比較話語的多數內涵均是「明白指出優者，明白指出劣者，且要求劣者要學習優者」。 4孩子於被動-第三者比較情境產生的認知與情緒反應，較西方測量的項目多。 4優者表現出「勝不驕」的華人文化特色。 5研究結果符合Tesser理論，均是優者越感到得意，手足關係越差，劣者則是越感到生氣，手足關係越差。 6但是，若以具華人文化特色的認知和情緒反應預測手足關係，則研究結果呈現不同面貌。認知反應方面，孩子越接納父母的價值觀，且嫉妒手足擁有好的親子關係與學業表現，則比較訊息可能對手足關係不具威脅性。情緒反應方面，當孩子感到越強烈的他人焦點情緒，則比較訊息可能對手足關係較不具威脅性。研究者從文化二元論觀點解釋這個現象。並依據研究結果提供在應用層面和未來研究方向的建議。 / In Taiwan, parents used to compare their children’s academic performance with each other. The comparison includes “who is better in academic performance”, “who is worst in academic performance”, and “demanding the children who did poorly to learn their sibling who did better in academic performance”. Such comparison is different from social comparison and forced comparison, because the subject of the comparison is parent and the object of the comparison is children. And then, it is named passive-third comparison . In this thesis, I studied three questions. First, to investigate the prevalence of the passive-third comparison. And then, to understand children’s emotion and cognition in the passive-third comparison. In the last, how children’s emotion and cognition in the passive-third comparison to influence sibling’s relationship. I take self-evaluation maintenance model to explore these questions. Moreover, I conducted two studies to test the hypothesis. There are three main findings. First, the passive-third comparison in Taiwan are high prevalence. Second, children in the passive-third comparison feel more other-focused emotion(eg. shame and embarrassed) and think of other-focused thought. The last is children’s emotion and cognition in the passive-third comparison could influence sibling relationship. However, the findings are different from the past studies in USA. Therefore, to discuss these findings are from culture view.

我國集合住宅市場常見一個案有數種面積產品混合之現象，在過去研究指出不同面積之產品進行投資組合已成為建商降低風險與穩定報酬的手段，僅在供給面被討論，卻忽略了住宅市場應以『使用』為目的，換言之，產品面積混合(Housing mix)隱含購屋者其生活水平及背景之異質性(Social mix)，將可能造成社區管理維護上之不易，本文試圖延伸過去此現象在需求面及管理維護上探討的不足。在實證方面，採問卷調查台北市建管處公寓大廈管理科所提供之已報備成立管理組織的主任委員2,877份，回收率為11.30%，剔除沒有舉辦活動之社區並符合設定樣本大小與母體可容忍誤差α=10%之要求下，共307筆有效問卷。輔以公寓大廈科報備資料掌握至所有面積及其對應之戶數，建立『面積混合度』之衡量，結合當前國內外住宅混合與住宅隔離議題，透過路徑分析方式衡量面積混合對社區管理維護績效之影響為直接影響或間接影響？釐清混合對管理維護影響過程之因果關係。 研究結果顯示，建商供給者之面積混合策略對於住戶需求者之管理維護績效將是間接負面影響而非傳統迴歸所觀察得到的直接影響，驗證了國外負面外溢效果在國內亦是如此。而主要影響路徑為面積混合愈高則提高了社區衝突，進而對管理維護產生負面影響。其次，過去認為除面積混合之外，新舊社區與大小規模亦會影響管理維護，故進行兩群分析究竟何者影響管理維護較大？實證發現混合社區在經過搬遷磨合期將減緩混合因異質性所造成的不和睦，但混合之負面影響仍大於新舊社區之影響。 / The phenomenon of one construction case with housing mix usually appears in the condominium market. Some studies indicated that the portfolio of housing mix has become a means of reducing risk and having a stable reward for construction companies. However, the discussion was only on supply, and ignored that “use” should be the main purpose in the condominium market. In other words, housing mix implied the social mix of homebuyers’ living standard and background, and it might make the community management and maintenance not easy. The study tries to extend the deficiency in the treatment of the phenomenon on supply or on community management and maintenance. In proof, a questionnaire survey was adopted in the study. There were 2877 pieces of questionnaires released to the chairmen of registered management organizations according to the data from the Apartment and Building Management Division in the Building Administration Office of Taipei City Government. The recovery rate was 11.3%. The communities without holding activities were culled out, and in order to satisfy the requirement of the set sample dimension and the error tolerance of matrix belowα=10%, total valid questionnaires were 307 pieces. The measurement of “housing mix” can be built up by the supplementary information from the Apartment and Building Management Division, which includes all square measure and corresponding houses. Combing the subjects of residential mix and residential separation at home and abroad, housing mix could be measured by path analysis to see whether it has a direct or indirect affect on community management and maintenance to further figure out the casual relationship during the affection process of the housing mix and the community management and maintenance. The study results show that the policy of housing mix from the suppliers, construction companies, has an indirect negative affection on the performance of community management and maintenance for residents, the demanders, instead of having a direct affection observed by traditional regression analysis. The result proves the negative spillover effect no matter at home or abroad. The path of impact is that the higher the housing mix is, the higher the community conflict will be, and the situation will generate negative affection on community management and maintenance. Furthermore, except the housing mix, new and old communities or the sizes of communities were thought to affect community management and operation, and they were usually divided into two groups to analyze which one has greater affection on management and maintenance ? It is found by evidences that the communities with housing mix show less disharmony caused by social mix after the run-in period of movement. However, the negative affection of housing mix is still higher than the one of new and old communities.

檔案是紀錄人類文明發展的重要史料，也是行政機關執行業務過程的重要憑據，先進國家對於檔案的管理都極為重視，且均已興建現代化的檔案館來保存珍貴的國家檔案，設置適足的空間與設備以提供優質的應用服務，這不僅有助於文化資產之保存，也是國家發展進步的重要指標與象徵。我國現代化之檔案管理制度係師承歐美各先進國家，參酌國情後制定並予以立法規範，就長遠觀之，雖然已在2015年啟用首座永久性之國家檔案庫房，然而，這只能算是完成了因應典藏空間需求的近程目標，未來在制度面方面仍需建構完整的國家檔案管理體系，爭取興建獨立且多功能之館舍，讓珍貴的國家檔案得以妥適典藏並提供各界應用，發揮檔案存在的價值與功能。 　　檔案保存維護策略之擬訂，需掌握空間規劃、環境控制、修護處置、複製儲存及風險管理等要項，各要項皆有賴相當的專業能力方可成就，國家發展委員會檔案管理局為我國檔案中央主管機關，依法負有管理國家檔案之責，由於數量龐大且因年代久遠、原保管條件不佳等因素，檔案接管時多已嚴重劣損，更需要儘速研訂保存策略以為作業準據。本研究之目的，即以世界各先進國家之國家檔案館業務概況為探究目標，針對各國國家檔案館發展之保存策略加以研析，並就保存維護工作之範圍與業務重點比較其內涵之異同，據以研議適合我國國家檔案之保存策略，建立一致性、完整性、正確性之處置作業標準，提供未來國家檔案館規劃之參考，達到提升國家檔案典藏效益與作業品質之目的。本研究之重要成果與建議，歸納如下： 　一、國家檔案館興建刻不容緩 　　 本次研究調查發現，屬嚴重劣化的受損檔案多達一成以上，可合理推估具永久保存價值之國家檔案在尚未移轉前，恐有滅失之危機；據統計現有100公里以上之國家檔案尚待移轉，然受限於典藏空間不足而無法加速移轉作業之進行。因此，無論是從國際趨勢或是保存珍貴國家記憶的角度來看，興建國家檔案館都是未來首要推動的工作目標。 　二、國家檔案保存維護優先順序有待建立 　　國家檔案數量龐大，媒體型式及材質種類又十分多元，在資源有限情形下，除了必須爭取經費持續進行預防性保護相關作為，亦應衡酌檔案的價值性、應用性、保存性等條件，建立客觀的評量標準，研訂國家檔案保存修護及數位化等優先處置原則，兼顧檔案長期保存與便捷應用之需求，提升國家檔案管理效益。 三、國家檔案保存維護作業人力亟待充實 　　面對數量龐大且媒體類型多元的檔案，若無經費、人力、設備等資源的持續挹注，實難完成。為有效提升國家檔案保存維護工作的執行績效，未來仍應加強人力的支援，並思考業務傳承方式，使是項工作得以順遂推動。 四、各機關檔案人員保存維護正確觀念有待加強 　　國家檔案移轉前在各機關保存時間長達數十年，若原管有機關未善盡保存維護之責，或是施以錯誤的保管方式，等到檔案徵集移轉時再來搶救，恐為時已晚。為了讓檔案能夠延長保存壽命，進而減輕國家檔案移轉後所需花費的修護成本，應透過培訓、輔導等方式強化各機關檔案人員對於保存維護觀念的正確認知，宣導檔案保存環境控制與保管作為的有效作法，才能有效降低國家檔案劣化的數量與嚴重程度。 / Archives are not only important records of the development of human civilization but also concrete proofs of the works of government agencies. All the advanced nations attach great importance to the management of archives. They have therefore set up modernized buildings to house and preserve such precious archival materials, and have provided adequate space and facilities for quality service to users. By doing so, precious cultural assets can be best kept. These actions significantly symbolize the progress of a nation. In formulating correct strategies of archival preservation, we need to carefully take into consideration space planning, environment control, repair & restoration, duplicate & storage, and risk management. All of these rely on professional expertise. The National Archives Administration (NAA) under the Cabinet-level National Development Council is accountable for overall management of national archives in Taiwan. However, many of the archival materials had been damaged or deteriorated even before having been transferred to NAA due to their long history and the poor handling by the original agencies. Preservation of such archives urgently need efficient strategies. This dissertation therefore aims to conduct some researches on the operations of national archives agencies in advanced nations, analyze their preservation strategies, and compare the differences of their works and emphases. More importantly, this author tries to come up with standard operation procedures, which are coherent, complete and accurate, for Taiwan to preserve our national archives. Hopefully this will offer reference in planning for a new national archives hall, so as to enhance the efficiency and upgrade the quality of national archives preservation. The major study results and suggestions are as follows: I. There is urgent need for a national archives hall. This study finds out that seriously damaged or deteriorated archives in different agencies account for ten percent of the total archives. It can therefore be estimated that national archives worth preserving might be lost before being transferred to NAA. Statistics show that there are over 100-km long national archives waiting to be transferred. Yet, due to the limited space in NAA, it is impossible to speed up the transfer process. Therefore, in view of international trend or the need to retain precious national memories, to build a new national archives hall is top on the agenda. 2. Priorities should be set to best preserve national archives. National archives are not only large in quantity but also diverse in media types and material sorts. With limited resources, NAA has to allocate budgets to continue preventive protection measures. Meanwhile, it needs to establish objective criteria for assessing the value, usage, and preservation of different national archives before setting priorities for the restoration and digitalization of each sort. It is equally important to ensure long-term preservation and offer convenient service to users, so as to enhance the management efficiency of national archives. 3. The quality and quantity of workforce in national archives preservation need to be strengthened. Faced by the challenges in both large number and different types of national archives, NAA assuredly needs more financial, workforce and equipment support to continue fulfilling its missions. In order to more effectively preserve national archives and keep the operation going smoothly, more professionals are needed, and skills and experiences must be passed down to new staff members. 4. The preservation-related knowledge of staff members in different agencies needs to be strengthened. The current national archives had been kept by different agencies for several decades before having been transferred to NAA. If the original agencies failed to do their jobs well or kept their archives in a wrong way, it would be too late to rescue those archives after transfer. Therefore, in order to prolong the life of archives and reduce the expenses on repairing them after transfer, staff members in all agencies should receive training and assistance to gain better knowledge of archival preservation. After that, they can together take correct, effective measures as environment control and careful preservation to significantly reduce the number and degree of deteriorated archives.

Fish keeping, in tanks or aquariums, dates back to Sumerians, ancient Romans and ancient Chinese civilizations. Fish keeping and rearing has evolved into what is collectively known as aquaculture, ornamental fish aquaculture has evolved to be collectively known as Ornamental Fish Industry. Worldwide Ornamental Fish Industry has been estimated to be worth some 15 billion US dollars. Asian Countries are major players in this field, contributing roughly 56 % of total export industry value in 2007. Taiwan’s modest contribution of about 1 % to global share seems very small; however, industry has been steadily growing 10 % in recent years to the point where it has been included among major industries for development within the National Development Plan. Taiwanese Ornamental Fish Industry is very diverse and has tremendous importance for economic development. Profiting from substantial development of this industry in Taiwan and free trade agreements between the R.O.C (Taiwan) and the Republic of Nicaragua, this paper proposes the creation of a novel business model to Design, Install and provide Maintenance services for fresh water natural aquariums using state of the art technology imported from Taiwan. The concept involves creating a unique decorative feature in the form of an aquascaped aquarium in places such as shopping malls, bank offices, clinics and hospitals, law offices and private residences. This new décor feature will beautify open living spaces to create a relaxing and calming environment for observers. Health benefits of owning an aquarium will be pointed out to customers, possible traffic increase to shopping malls, due to new attraction, will bring economic benefits to established stores. Maintenance service is a key factor to the success of business model as it will guarantee long run success of aquarium and will guarantee sustainability of business model.

現存的作業環境維護技術，多著重於單一作業環境的維護。當作業環境數量增加時，維護多台電腦的作業環境變得困難而且耗時。而缺少維護作業環境日誌以及容量管理的能力，使得現存的作業環境維護技術的能力受到限制，無法對作業環境進行更進一步的維護與管理。 本研究主要目的，在於設計一套新的解決方案–COEMS（Client Operating Environment Management System），來解決現今多個作業環境的維護所存在的問題。COEMS結合現有的作業環境維護技術、網路儲存技術、裝置虛擬化技術的優點，將多個用戶端的作業環境集中於伺服器來進行管理與維護，克服傳統技術在維護多個作業環境上的困難，使得在網路環境中，維護多台電腦的作業環境的工作變得可行；並且利用Volume Management技術以及Copy-On-Write技術，來維護多台電腦的作業環境的日誌與資料分享，使得作業環境的維護比傳統技術更簡單更有效率。 / Many traditional techniques for operating environment maintenance concentrate on maintaining single computer separately. When there are many computers for maintaining, such way of maintenance becomes complex and costs lots of time. Because of the inability to log operating environment changes and manage volumes, these techniques are too limited to further maintain and manage operating environment. We propose a newly designed solution – Client Operating Environment Management System (COEMS) to solve the current problem of maintaining multiple operating environments. By combining the advantages of operating environment maintenance, network storage and virtualization techniques, COEMS manages multiple clients’ operating environments centrally in a server, solves the traditional maintenance problems and makes maintaining multiple computers via network feasible. Meanwhile COEMS uses Volume Management and Copy-On-Write techniques to maintain the log and share data from multiple computer operating environments, and makes the maintenance also easier and more efficient than traditional techniques.