This qualitative study was designed to explore the perceptions of Aboriginal professionals in various work sectors as they reflect on their educational experiences in high school and the nature of success. Questions guiding this research were: What is Aboriginal student success? What factors affect success? To what or whom do professionals attribute their successfulness? What can make others successful?<p> Prompting this study was the latest statistics about Aboriginal people released on September 24, 2003. The Aboriginal Peoples Survey was compiled by Statistics Canada in 2001. The survey stated that the number of off reserve Canadian Aboriginal students who are dropping out of school is 52%. In comparison to the Non-Aboriginal population, the overall high school dropout rate is 26%. What is alarming is that the drop out rate has not changed since the previous study in 1996.<p> Some of the research conducted has focused on finding barriers to Aboriginal students dropping out of school. Although this research assumed that if barriers can be identified, and removed they have only insignificantly decreased the dropout rate. This study gives voice to aboriginal professionals' success experiences by having them share their stories through in-depth interviews. Rather than focus on barriers, this study emphasizes positive high school experiences of Aboriginal professionals and factors that led to their success.<p> In-depth interviews were conducted initially with professionals in various work sectors that include human service sectors. A second interview was held with these professionals to clarify and further develop ideas emerging from the initial sets of interviews. Descriptive memos and reflective notes were kept throughout the process with the analysis of data following traditions of qualitative methods. The results of the study showed that the nature of success was complex, intricate, and idiosyncratic. Each participant had their own unique definition of success based upon distinct factors including a mindset, cultural orientation, spiritual connections, marginalization, and colonization. The definitions of success varied with changing variables of the participants.<p> Not surprisingly, the study related student success to the biological, social, physical and spiritual factors including Aboriginal spirituality; to external factors including culture, curriculum, instructional approaches, role models, relevant education, and relationships; and to the internal factors attitude, goal setting, motivation and inquiry.<p> In their suggestions of how others can be successful, each participant shared words of wisdom about education, stability, balance and a work ethic. The study offers teachers, parents, and students practical suggestions for increased student success and provides a list of implications produced by the study.

Several factors inform health professionals decisions to migrate from developing to developed countries to practice their profession. This study explores the Push and Pull factors that informed African-trained physicians decisions to migrate to the province of Saskatchewan, how well they integrated into their new working environments upon arrival and how that might contribute to future migration and retention in Saskatchewan. Based on questionnaire surveys and face-to-face interviews, this study identified differences in the relative importance of precipitating factors for physicans from South, North and Other African nations. Although the majority of African-trained physicians for the study indicated that profession-related push factors were the precipitating factors for their migration, a smaller number did not cite these as important. Most respondents for the study integrated well into the health care system and have remained at their current location of practice because of the support they received from colleagues at their work places.

The 1907 <i>University of Saskatchewan Act</i> stated that no women shall by reason of her sex be deprived of any advantage or privilege accorded to male students of the university . This study explores whether or not this piece of progressive and prescriptive legislation was adhered to by university administrators, male faculty, staff, and students. Using the ample primary source material available in the University Archives Special Collections, this thesis has examined the demographic, cultural, and lived experiences of the women at the university from 1909 to 1922 and concluded that although the administration employed many inclusive policies, the internal culture and experiences of the women who worked, learned, and lived at the university were far less egalitarian than that described in <i>University Act</i>. This study offers a new prairie perspective and as such constitutes an important addition to the discussion concerning the experience of the first generation of female university scholars in Canada.

Bakgrund: Övervikt är ett folkhälsoproblem i västvärlden. Att leva med övervikt kan innebära ett stort lidande. Sjuksköterskan är ofta den som har mest regelbundna kontakter med överviktiga patienter. Sjuksköterskans uppgift är att bemöta patienter på ett värdigt sätt oavsett ålder, utseende, funktion eller prestationsförmåga. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa bemötandet av patienter med övervikt i hälso- och sjukvården. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie baserat på nio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras ur två perspektiv, ett patientperspektiv och ett sjukvårdspersonalsperspektiv. Studien visade att bemötandet till överviktiga patienter upplevdes både positivt och negativt. Patienterna upplevde att de fick en god relation med sjukvårdspersonalen. Andra tyckte att de blev dömda direkt utifrån sin övervikt. Sjukvårdspersonal upplevde att övervikt var ett känsligt område att arbete inom. Slutsats: För en lyckad vårdrelation där bemötandet upplevs positivt bör sjukvårdspersonalen vara medveten om sina attityder och se hela människan. / Background: Overweight is a public health problem in the Western world, and the disease can cause severe suffering. Usually, the nurse has the most contact on a frequent basis with overweight patients. The nurse’s task is to treat patients in a dignified manner regardless of age, appearance, function or capacity. Aim: The aim with this literature study was to enlighten the encountering with overweight patients in the health care system. Method: This study was carried out as a literature study based on nine scientific articles. Result: The result is presented from the patient’s perspective as well as from the health care professionals’ perspective. The study shows that the encountering with overweight patients is experienced both negatively and positively. The patients could feel that they established a good relationship to the health care professionals. Other patients experienced that they were judged directly by their overweight. The health care professionals experienced that overweight were a sensitive area to work within. Conclusion: For a caring relation where the encountering is experienced as positive, the health care professionals should be aware of their attitudes in the caring relation and consider the different aspects of the human they treat.

Professional workers are the core value contributors to an enterprise in today¡¦s highly competitive environment of knowledge economy. Under the pressure of global competition, employment flexibility is an unavoidable trend. Contract workers with professional background have been growing rapidly in recent years, and it has been regarded as a competitive strategy to integrate corporate resources to enhance business performance. While more and more enterprises are adopting flexibility strategies as well as utilizing different types of contingent employment to replace traditional long-term employment, the other existing employees not only have to face the changes of employment relationships, but also have to get used to cope with lots of contract-based professionals working in the organization. The purpose of this research is to understand different cognition, attitude and behaviors from the professionals under different employment relationships, as well as the way they interact, while the organization is adopting the human resource strategy of numerical flexibility. The information was collected and analyzed based on qualitative research method and used the professional workers as sampling, including one regular employee and one contractor for every comparative pair. There are total twenty-four professionals from four leading global high-tech companies were interviewed. The result shows that both the regular and contract-based professionals recognized the employment flexibility strategy negatively, and believed that it¡¦s mainly for reducing employment cost only, which might reflected the short-term benefit, but would cause the negative impact on the organization¡¦s performance in the long run. The implementations of differentiated treatments to different employment models caused disagreement from the workers who had expected their employers to provide a fair working environment, sufficient human capital investment and stable career development in the organization. The findings are, a respecting and open-minded organizational culture, a fair workplace, proper contingent employment proportion, and supportive management are the key factors to facilitate the positive interaction among professionals under different employment relationships. Moreover, professional workers have higher motivation and take into account the importance of personal performance, therefore, regular employee will invest personal resources to solve problems from interacting with contract professionals in order to achieve tasks. Meanwhile, the contract professionals are affected by occupational commitment as well as their intention to extend employment contract in the future. Employment status does not influence their performance, however, reduction of unfair treatments regarding human resource practices will motivate their willingness on organizational citizenship behavior and performance improvement.

Based on Austin and Searle¡¦s speech act theory and Argyris¡¦ organizational learning theory, this study investigates how defensive speech routines impact the level of communication comprehension by information system professionals. Relying on the eye tracker as tool to measure information attention of participating IS professionals, the present researcher has conducted experiments to evaluate how indirect and direct speech acts as well as defensive speech routines influence subjects¡¦ understanding of illucotionary forces embedded in the speeches. The findings suggest that the different speech acts exert significant influence on subjects¡¦ comprehension and information attention, and information attention in turn significantly influences comprehension. The results of this study may help researchers to further investigate the congitive processes involved in IS professionals¡¦ communication and aid practitioners in reducing dysfunctional organizational learning due to defensive speech routines.

RD&E professionals will lead the direction of industries in Taiwan and also are the key factor of affecting business¡¦ survival in the future. This study explores the effects of RD&E professionals¡¦ work value, perfectionism, workaholism, and money ethic on professional commitment, pay satisfaction, and work performance. There are 1029 copies of valid samples obtained out of 2209 copies of bulk samples. The Pearson Correlation Analysis and the Blocked Regression Analysis are used to examine the hypotheses of this research and the findings of this study indicate that: 1. Work value, Perfectionism, Workaholism, and Money Ethic have a significant forecast ability on predicting dependent variables. 2. Work Value has a significant positive influence on the professional identification and involvement, the willingness to stay in the same profession, pay satisfaction, and work performance. 3. Personal Standards has a significant positive influence on the professional identification and involvement, the willingness to stay in the same profession, and work performance; Personal Standards has a significant negative influence on pay satisfaction. 4. Concern over Mistakes has a significant negative influence on the professional involvement, and work performance; Concern over Mistakes has a significant positive influence on the willingness to stay in the same profession. 5. Doubts about Actions has a significant negative influence on the willingness to stay in the same profession, and work performance; Doubts about Actions has a significant positive influence on the professional identification. 6. Parental Expectations has a significant positive influence on pay satisfaction. 7. Parental Criticism has a significant negative influence on the professional identification and involvement, and the willingness to stay in the same profession. 8. Non-Required Work has a significant positive influence on the professional identification and involvement, and work performance. 9. Control of Others has a significant positive influence on the professional identification and involvement, and work performance; Control of Others has a significant negative influence on the willingness to stay in the same profession. 10. Rich/Motivators has a significant negative influence on pay satisfaction, and work performance; Rich/Motivators has a significant positive influence on the professional involvement. 11. Making Money has a significant negative influence on the willingness to stay in the same profession; Making Money has a significant positive influence on the professional identification and involvement, and work performance. 12. Intrinsic Motivation has a significant positive influence on the professional identification, and pay satisfaction.

<p>Sjuksköterskor och läkare spelar en stor roll i vården av överviktiga patienter och att denna patientgrupp får samma vård på samma villkor som patienter som inte är överviktiga. Inom hälso- och sjukvård kan det finnas negativa attityder om att patienter med ett högt BMI är lata och odisciplinerade. Vårt syfte var tudelat. Det första delsyftet var att beskriva om det finns negativa attityder från vårdpersonal gentemot överviktiga patienter. Den andra delen av syftet var att beskriva den överviktiga patientens egna upplevelser av vårdpersonalens attityder.<strong> </strong>Det gjorde<strong>s </strong>en litteraturöversikt för att sammanställa forskningsläget. Sammanlagt har det analyserats 14 artiklar i resultatet, dessa var både kvantitativa och kvalitativa studier. Två teman arbetades fram. Till dessa framkom åtta underteman. Vårdpersonalens attityder visade sig påverkas av ett antal faktorer. Detta ledde i viss mån till att patienterna undvek att uppsöka vård. Resultatet visade att vårdpersonal är medvetna om att det finns negativa attityder mot överviktiga. Trots detta upplevde många överviktiga patienter nedvärderande attityder från just vårdpersonal. Vårdpersonal uppvisade en del attityder. Det visade sig att patienterna påverkades av dessa attityder oavsett om det var en egen upplevelse eller de faktiskt förekom.</p> / <p>Nurses and doctors play a major role in the care of obese patients and that this population receive the same treatment under the same conditions as patients who are not overweight. Within healthcare, there may be negative attitudes that patients with high BMI are lazy and undisciplined. Our purpose was twofold. The first part seeks to describe if there were negative attitudes of health professionals towards obese patients. The second part of the purpose was to describe the obese patient´s experiences of health professionals´ attitudes. This was a literature survey to compile the research situation. 14 articles were analyzed and put in the result, they were both quantitative and qualitative studies. Two themes were produced, to these eight sub-themes emerged. Health-care workers' attitudes were found to be influenced by a number of factors. This led to some extent that patients avoided seeking medical care. The results showed that health professionals were aware that there were negative attitudes towards overweight patients. Despite this, many overweight patients’ experienceed disparaging attitudes when visiting health professionals. Health professionals had a number of negative attitudes. It was found that patients were affected by these attitudes, whether they are their own experience or they do occur.</p>

Bakgrund: Antalet människor som lider av fetma ökar ständigt, och har globalt sett mer än fördubblats sedan år 1980. Då fetma ofta leder till flera följdsjukdomar innebär det att denna patientgrupp blir allt vanligare inom hälso- och sjukvården. Detta ställer i sin tur krav på hälso- och sjukvårdspersonlens attityder gentemot personer med fetma.   Syfte: att belysa hälso- och sjukvårdspersonals attityder gentemot personer med fetma och den vård som erbjuds den här patientgruppen.   Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie som i första hand baserades på Kristenssons (2014) metodbeskrivning.   Resultat: Litteraturstudien identifierade två kategorier; attityder till personer med fetma samt attityder gällande vård av personer med fetma. Både positiva och negativa attityder påvisades hos hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal, bland annat beskrevs personer med fetma i negativa ordalag, med ord som lata, själviska och oattraktiva. Även attityder om att personen har låg motivation och viljestyrka syntes. Exempel på positiva attityder som syntes var att empati för personerna med fetma fanns.   Slutsats: För att motverka negativa attityder hos hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal är det viktigt att vara medveten om sina egna och andras attityder, för att kunna reflektera och bearbeta dem. På så vis kan en förändringsprocess ta sin början. De negativa attityderna framstod som barriärer för en effektiv viktnedgång för personen med fetma. / Background: People suffering from obesity are constantly increasing and have globally more than doubled since 1980. Since obesity often leads to comorbidity, this patient group is getting more common in health care settings. This means higher demands on health care professionals´ attitudes towards obese individuals.   Purpose: To enlight health care professionals´ attitudes towards obese individuals and to the care they are offered.   Method: A systematic literature review, that was primarily based on Kristenssons (2014) description of its methodology.   Results: This literature review identified two categories; attitudes towards obese individuals and attitudes concerning obese individuals´ care. Both positive and negative attitudes were found among health care professionals, e.g. obese individuals were described with negative attributes as lazy, selfish and unattractive. Attitudes that the obese individuals had low motivation and low willpower were seen as well. An example of positive attitudes were that empathy for obese individuals occurred.   Conclusion: To encounter negative attitudes among health care professionals, it is important to be aware of  one´s own and others´ attitudes. This enables a process of reflection that might lead to changed attitudes. Negative attitudes workes as barriers for an effective weight loss.

Background: Human interaction by touch plays a central role for our health and well being throughout life. When people touch each other our bodies release a hormone called oxytocin into the bloodstream, this gives the body a soothing effect. Touching on the other hand can be perceived as unpleasant if it is not in accordance with the patient’s norm or wishes. From biblical times and through to today human touch plays a central part of nursing. The way we touch each other is not always something that comes naturally, habits of touching depends largely on one´s cultural background, upbringing and experiences. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how health professional’s uses touch in daily care. Method: The authors have made a literature review. Ten research papers of both qualitative and quantitative design have been gathered via database searches. Results: The result showed that touching is an inevitable part of nursing. Health professionals use touch to build relationships and support verbal communication with the patient. The result also showed that touching made patients feel more secure and it also gave health professionals pride. Discussions: The results were discussed in relation to the life-world theory according to Dahlberg and Segesten. The main focus of discussion was: how the relationship between health professionals and the patient is affected by the way touch is used, touch is also used to create positive feelings and health professionals themselves feel strengthened by using touch. / Bakgrund: Beröring har en central betydelse för människans hälsa och välbefinnande genom hela livet. När människan ger och får beröring frisätts hormonet oxytocin till blodet, vilket ger en lugnande effekt. Beröring kan upplevas som obehaglig om den inte är i enlighet med människans vilja. Från bibliska berättelser och fram till idag beskrivs beröring som en betydande del i vårdandet och hur vårdpersonal arbetar. Beröring är dock inte alltid något som kommer sig naturligt, användandet beror till stor del på människans uppväxt, erfarenheter och kulturella bakgrund. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva hur vårdpersonal använder beröring i den dagliga omvårdnaden. Metod: Författarna har gjort en litteraturöversikt. Tio forskningsartiklar av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ design samlades in genom databassökningar. Resultat: Resultatet visade att beröring är en oundviklig handling i vården. Vårdpersonalens beröring användes för att stärka vårdrelationen och den verbala kommunikationen. Resultatet visade också att beröring gav trygghet för patienterna samtidigt som det gav vårdpersonalen mening med sitt yrke. Diskussion: Resultatet har diskuterats i relation till livsvärldsteorin enligt Dahlberg och Segesten. Diskussionens huvudfokus är de mest framträdande upptäckterna i resultatet, vilka var: att vårdrelationen påverkas av hur vårdpersonalen använder beröring, att beröring används för att skapa positiva känslor samt att vårdpersonalen själva stärks då de använder sig av beröring.