Les recherches actuelles sur la résilience s’intéressent à l’intervention psychoéducative sur les facteurs de risque, en vue de passer d’une résilience naturelle à une résilience assistée : nous considérons la promotion des pratiques de résilience comme un facteur de développement des capacités psychologiques des enfants. Dans ce sens, le milieu scolaire peut constituer un espace d’interactions sociales et avec le soutien de la famille favoriser l’émergence de ressources socio-affectives, cognitives et conatives. Comment les pratiques scolaires peuvent-elles promouvoir la résilience ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons travaillé auprès d’un échantillon de 119 enfants à haut risque fréquentant des écoles défavorisées du Pérou. Notre approche méthodologique a pris en compte la perception qu’ont les enseignants et les élèves du climat social scolaire, en particulier des relations entre élèves, des relations entre enseignants, des relations entre élèves et enseignants, de l’organisation, de l’établissement des règles, et du développement d’activités périscolaires. En outre, nous avons identifié les besoins psychosociaux des élèves sur la base de leurs déclarations. Ces analyses nous ont apporté des éléments de réponse qui nous servent à proposer des pratiques psychoéducatives de résilience.Les pratiques psychoéducatives sont réparties en quatre catégories : la salle de classe et l’école, l’école et la famille, les parents et l’enfant, et les besoins psychosociaux de l’enfant/élève. / The research on resilience has focused mainly on psycho educational intervention on risk factors in children. Studying not only "natural resilience" but how "assisted resilience" helps children deal with trauma. This change of strategy suggests that promoting practices of resilience may be a means of developing psychological skills of resilience into children. To that respect, the schools’ social environment, with the help of the family, can be used as a place of interaction that promotes the emergence of social, emotional, cognitive and volitional skills whitin the students. The key question of this study is how schools can include practices that enhance the development of resilience skills into children? To answer this question, we used a sample of 119 high-risk children attending disadvantaged Peruvian schools. Our methodology takes into account the teachers’ and students’ perceptions of the school’s social climate, in particular the relationship among students, among teachers, and between students and teachers, the school’s organization, the establishment of rules, and the development of extracurricular activities. The study also includes the students’ thoughts about their psychosocial needs. The analysis of these elements provides a basis to suggest psychoeducational practices to promote resilience. These psychoeducational practices come into four categories: practices related to the classroom and the school, to the school and the family, to the parents and their children, and to the psychosocial needs of the child/student.

The diploma thesis focuses on the awareness of 2nd grade pupils of the selected primary school about the causes and consequences of the use of selected addictive substances. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the drug scene in the Czech Republic and the drug policy of the Czech Republic, the concepts of drug addiction, physical and mental addiction. The diploma thesis is focused on legal drugs - alcohol, tobacco, caffeine and illegal drugs - specifically on cannabis drugs. The next part of the work deals with addictive problems in children and adolescents and current trends in the use of addictive substances in young people in the Czech Republic according to several studies. At the end of the theoretical part, risk and protective factors influencing the emergence of addiction and risks and the consequences of selected addictive substances are described. The practical part maps the awareness of 2nd grade students of the selected elementary school about the causes and consequences of the use of selected addictive substances before and immediately after my performance in the subject of health education, including the 2nd month interval from the topic. The aim of the practical part was also to point out the low awareness of respondents about the...

The aim of this study was to evaluate a 24-week support group intervention programme which was designed to enhance adaptive behaviour of latent-phase children affected by maternal HIV/Aids. The meta-theoretical paradigms underlying the study were pragmatism and realism. The study was embedded in a concurrent nested (QUALquan) mixed-method design. The quantitative approach in the main study followed a quasi-experimental research design whereas the qualitative approach in this study, contributing to the largest part of the analysis in the study, followed a nested multiple case study design. The theory-driven outcome programme evaluation model applied in this study was the integrative process/outcome evaluation approach. The participants (n=139) were purposefully selected from among previously identified HIV-positive women (n=220) with children between the ages of 6 and 10 years at clinics in the Tshwane region, South Africa. Data were collected over a period of five years in multiple waves of intervention implementation. Prolonged, in-depth engagement by the researcher with participants was prioritized. The data collection strategies comprised of mother-and-child psychological questionnaires, group process notes, careworker focus groups, quality assurance questionnaires and field notes. The data were quantitatively analysed by means of a paired-sample t-test for within-group comparisons and descriptive statistics were furthermore applied. The qualitative text and narration obtained through the interviews, documents and focus groups were coded and analysed for themes. The themes of the emergent concepts were re-coded to establish improved defined categories. The different data sampling strategies assisted the researcher in triangulating the data for increased evaluation reliability. The PhD-study was conducted within a broader longitudinal study on resilience in South African mothers and children affected by HIV/Aids – the Promoting Resilience in Young Children Study. The findings of the Child Support Group Evaluation Study (e.g. PhD) showed that the content, methods and processes employed in the group-based sessions were effective and culturally sensitive. The intervention sessions enhanced the children’s coping skills, internalised and externalised behaviour and daily living, communication and socialisation skills. The group provided a buffer for the children and supported them in coping with their mothers’ illness. The children displayed normative values through their religious coping styles, their quest for and display of respect and their unambiguous assertion of right and wrong. A specific finding of this study was that the children created a sphere or space in which to order their thoughts, behaviours and emotions within the intervention. This provided them with parameters in their adverse circumstances to display adaptive behaviour or resilience which they could use to function adequately. The study suggests that the use of support groups should be incorporated into intervention programmes dealing with latent-phase children affected by HIV/Aids. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

"I can't stop raving" is a qualitative study based on five semi-structured interviews with young women who participate in the rave culture of Stockholm, Sweden. The study aimed to explore in what ways these women's experiences are characterised by safeness and worries. It identifies what risk and protective factors are prevalent in the environment, and what strategies these women employ to negotiate the risks. Proceeding from risk and resilience research, further focus lies on negotiative processes of risk versus pleasure, to understand what actions propel participation in rave culture. Judith Butler's theories on performativity and agency were employed as models to situate risk-taking as part of identity-making processes. The study results tell how the young participants sometimes experience worry in the environment, but also their awareness and resilient capacities towards the risks involved. The community experience within rave culture was further identified as a strategic protective factor, in the informants' pursuit of risk reduction. The study also identifies how Swedish political discourse on narcotics negatively impacts the participants' reliance on law enforcement and health services, even when facing explicit risk situations, indicating evident challenges for mainstream society to interact with rave culture and its participants. / ”I can’t stop raving” är en kvalitativ studie som bygger på fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med unga kvinnor som deltar i Stockholms ravekultur. Studien har syftat till att undersöka hur de unga kvinnorna upplevelser präglas av trygghet kontra oro. Vidare undersöktes vilka risk- och skyddsfaktorer som finns i miljön samt vilka strategier de unga kvinnorna använder sig av för att hantera riskerna. Studien utgår från risk- och resiliensforskning och förhandlingsprocesser mellan risk och njutning har satts i fokus för att förstå mekanismerna bakom ravedeltagandet. Judith Butlers teorier om performativitet och agentskap har använts som modell för att situera risktagandet som del av identitetsskapande processer. Studiens resultat visar på att de unga deltagarna ibland upplever oro i sammanhanget, men att det finns en riskmedvetenhet och resilienta egenskaper hos individerna. Den upplevda gemenskapen inom ravekulturen identifierades som en strategisk skyddsfaktor i informanternas strävan efter riskreducering. Studien identifierar även hur den samhälleliga diskursen om narkotika negativt påverkar deltagarnas tillit till myndigheter—även vid explicita risksituationer—vilket indikerar utmaningar för majoritetssamhället att bemöta ravekulturen och dess deltagare.

Juvenile offenders and their paths to delinquency and norm-breaking behaviour has always been a highly relevant issue for social work. Young people are more often than before breaking the law or being a victim to different kinds of crime. When social workers use risk and protective factors in their work with these kids it is a great asset for the social worker to be able to analyse how gender and gender norms affect the juvenile offenders. Based on research made by E. van der Put et al. (2014); Lederman & Brown (2000); Dixon, Howie & Starling (2004); Martin et al. (2008); Emeka & Sorensen (2009) and Socialstyrelsen (2020a), young delinquent females have a higher need for psychiatric support in prevention and intervention methods. These needs of young delinquent females might be forgotten when using the standardised methods that have been developed for young delinquent men since they´re overrepresented in the crime statistics. The Swedish Socialstyrelsen does not use gender specific risk- and protective factors in their manuals. In this paper we have analysed the relation between Socialstyrelsens work and the chosen scientific studies. The question of how Socialstyrelsen will incorporate gender specific risk and protective factors in order to elaborate their future manuals, or if they will keep the gender-neutral risk and protective factors as a way of amplifying the social workers discretion still remains. / Ungdomsbrottslingar och deras vägar till brottslighet och normbrytande beteende har alltid varit en högst relevant fråga för socialt arbete. Unga människor bryter oftare än tidigare mot lagen eller utsätts för olika typer av brott. När socialarbetare använder risk- och skyddsfaktorer i sitt arbete med dessa barn är det en stor tillgång för socialsekreteraren att kunna analysera hur kön och könsnormer påverkar ungdomsbrottslingarna. Baserat på forskning gjord av E. van der Put et al. (2014); Lederman & Brown (2000); Dixon, Howie & Starling (2004); Martin et al. (2008); Emeka & Sorensen (2009) och Socialstyrelsen (2020a), kan vi se att unga kvinnliga lagöverträdare har ett högre behov av psykiatriskt stöd i preventions- och interventionsmetoder. Dessa behov hos unga kvinnliga lagöverträdare riskerar att bortses vid användning av standardiserade metoder som har utvecklats för unga brottsliga män. Detta eftersom att män är överrepresenterade i brottsstatistiken vilket skapat en manlig norm inom kriminalvården. Socialstyrelsen använder exempelvis inte sig av könsspecifika risk- och skyddsfaktorer i sina ordinarie metoder. I denna artikel har vi analyserat relationen mellan Socialstyrelsens arbete och de valda vetenskapliga studierna. Frågan om hur Socialstyrelsen kommer att införliva könsspecifika risk- och skyddsfaktorer för att utarbeta sina framtida manualer, eller om de kommer att behålla de könsneutrala risk- och skyddsfaktorerna som ett sätt att förstärka socialarbetarnas handlingsutrymme kvarstår.

Introduktion: Stress och utmattning är ett stort folkhälsoproblem inom hälso- och sjukvårdsyrken generellt och särskilt drabbade är de inom sjuksköterskeyrket. Detta problem har ökat markant de senaste åren och lett till långtidssjukskrivningar. Stress och arbetsbelastningen anses enligt forskning orsaka utmattningssyndrom. Sjuksköterskor anses vara mer utsatta för att insjukna i utmattningssyndrom än individer inom andra yrken. Trots denna arbetsbelastning, har sjuksköterskor utvecklat motståndskraft för att minska utmattning och höga stressnivåer. Att använda olika strategier och skyddsfaktorer kan gynna sjuksköterskornas hälsa och välbefinnande. Syfte: Syfte med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva skyddsfaktorer för att hindra utmattningssyndrom relaterat till sjuksköterskornas arbetsmiljö. Metod: Litteraturstudien baseras på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar, sökningar i databasen PubMed och CINAHL som resulterar i 11 artiklar. Dessa artiklar har validerats med hjälp av checklistan CASP och uppfyller inklusions- och exklusionskriterier samt matchar forskningsfrågorna. Denna studie analyseras med tematisk innehållsanalys som är metod som identifierar, analyserar och rapporterar teman inom data. Resultat: I resultat framkommer tre olika teman med sex olika underteman som var:Hantering av stressig arbetsmiljö: arbetskrav/arbetsmiljö, balans i hälsostatus. Motståndskraft: rutiner i arbetslivet, återhämtning.Bemästra stress: samhörighet, tillfredställelse. Samtliga vetenskapliga artiklar rapporterade utmattningssyndrom relaterad till arbetsmiljö och motståndskraft hos sjuksköterskor. Utmattningssyndrom refereras till stress på arbetsplatsen där arbetsbelastning blir för hög och personlig prestation minskar. Motståndskraft är svar på denna utmattning där sjuksköterska hittar olika strategier för att bemästra dessa stressiga arbetssituationer. Slutsats: Flera olika faktorer bidrar till utmattningssyndrom på grund av ohälsosam arbetsmiljö. Studien har påvisat vikten av att använda motståndskraft för att minska utmattning bland sjuksköterskor. / Introduction: Stress and fatigue are today's major problems in the healthcare profession. This problem has increased markedly in recent years and is mainly due to long-term sick leave. According to research, stress and workload are considered to cause fatigue syndrome. Nurses are considered to be more likely to develop fatigue syndrome than individuals in other professions. Despite this workload, nurses have developed resilience to reduce burnout and high stress levels. Using different strategies and protective factors can benefit nurses health and well-being. Aim: Aim of this literature study is to describe risk and protective factors related to the work environment of the nurses. Methods: A literature review based on 11 scientifis atricles, searches in the PubMed and CINAHL database that resulted in 11 articles. These articles were validated using the PRIS checklist and met inclusion and exclusion criteria and matched the research questions. This study is analyzed with thematic content analysis wich is method that identifies, analyzes and reports themes within data. Results: Results reveal three different themes with six different sub-themes which included: Management of stressful work envirovment: work requirement/work environment, balans in health status. Resistance: routines in work life, recovery. Master stress: togetherness, satisfaction. All scientific papers reported burnout syndrome related to work environment and resilience in nurses Burnout syndrome refers to stress in the workplace where workload becomes too high and personal performance decreases. Resilience is response to this exhaustion where nurse finds different strategies to master these stressful work situations. Conclusion: Several different factors contribute to fatigue syndrome due to unhealthy work environment. The study has demonstrated the importance of using resilience to reduce burnout among nurses.

Statens institutionsstyrelse (SiS) tar emot omkring 1 000 ungdomar till sina 23 särskilda ungdomshem varje år. Ungdomarna som kommer till SiS har fått beslut om tvångsvård enligt LVU eller LSU, eller i vissa fall enlig frivilliga insatser i SOL. Behandlingen på SiS är främst inriktad mot ungdomarnas eget beteende och det läggs inget större fokus vid ungdomarnas föräldrarelationer. Ändå är detta någonting som verkar vara av stor vikt för många av ungdomarna. Detta framkommer av de böcker som av SiS skolverksamhet årligen ges ut. Böckerna består av texter skrivna av frivilligt medverkande ungdomar på SiS ungdomshem. Många av texterna involverar deras föräldrarelationer. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur tvångsvårdade ungdomar skildrar och förstår sina föräldrarelationers inverkan i deras liv. En analys sker utifrån Bowlby och Ainsworth anknytningsteori och risk- och skyddsfaktorer. Tre teman som sticker ut är följande: föräldrar som är närvarande eller stöttande, föräldrar som brister i sitt föräldraskap eller i sin omsorg, och föräldrar som avlidit. Det framkommer tydligt att många av ungdomarna relaterar sina föräldrarelationers inverkan i deras liv till både deras dåvarande, nuvarande och även tänkbara framtida omständigheter i livet. Och även till deras fysiska och psykiska hälsa. Således är slutsatsen att en förälders roll, oavsett vilken kategori den faller inom, är viktig för tvångsvårdade ungdomar när de själva reflekterar över sina liv, omständigheter, utveckling och hälsa. Detta bekräftar även den vikt som ovanstående teorier lägger vid barn och ungas relationer till sina föräldrar. / The State Institution Board receives about 1 000 youths to its 23 different Youth Homes every year. Youths coming to live in these homes are there due to decisions on compulsory care according to LVU or LSU or in certain cases according to voluntary efforts in SOL. The treatment in these Youth Homes targets primarily the youth ́s own behaviour while there is no major focus on the parent-child relationship.Yet this particular relationship seems to be of greater importance to many youths. This emerges when you read the annual publication of texts voluntarily written by the youths themselves, published by the State Institution Board. Many stories involve the parent-child relationship. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how youths in compulsory care depict and understand the impact of the parent-child relationship in their lives. The analysis is done from Bowlby ́s and Ainsworth ́s attachment theory and risk- and protective factors. The following three themes stand out: Present or supportive parents, parents lacking in care or parenthood, and deceased parents. It is obvious that many youths relate the impact of their parent-child relationship to their circumstances of life, now, before and in a possible future as well as on their physical and mental health. And thus the conclusion is that a parent’s role, no matter what category it falls into, is important to youths in compulsory care when they themselves reflect upon their lives, circumstances, development and health. This is confirmed by the importance the above theories give the parent-child relationship.

Underage drinking is a major problem in the United States, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. About 43,000 deaths a year result from binge drinking in youths at a cost of $24 billion in 2010 to the U.S. economy. The purpose of this quantitative dissertation was to examine the predictors of binge drinking in high school youths in a highly racial diverse community of Montgomery County, Maryland. The social ecological model was the theoretical framework used for this study due to the presence of both personal and contextual factors that influence behavior. Using binary logistic regression to analyze data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System 2014, the association between being bullied, suicidality, substance use, protective factors, and binge drinking was tested. Results from single models indicated that there was an association with all independent variables predicting binge drinking. Based on effect size, Asians had the highest risk (For RQ1, OR =3.57; RQ2, OR= 3.08; RQ4, OR=1.72) of binge drinking for all independent variables except marijuana use in which Blacks had the highest risk; OR = 2.02. In the combined model, the results were that adolescents 14 or 15 years old making up 49.3% of the population had the highest risk of binge drinking; OR = 3.184. The results of this study could be used to promote positive social change by highlighting more efficient intervention programs to prevent adolescents from binge drinking and could also enable county and state Public Health officials to design programs to properly allocate resources based on evidence and need, especially in racially diverse communities.

This qualitative collective case study explored the lives of five male academically resilient Latinos from the Central Valley of California, who despite the myriad of adversities, threats, and stressors present in their lives, persevered and became established professionals. Researchers have noted that Latino males continue to hold one of the lowest academic achievement rates compared to other ethnic populations. Thus, understanding how disadvantaged students succeed including the factors inherent which associate to their academic success is fundamental in order to help inform educational policies and practices. Utilizing a compilation of interviews and personal documents, findings demonstrated that internal dispositions (i.e., positive self-disposition, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy), commitment to others, familismo (valuing family), as well as the influence and role of their father, helped promote invulnerability to threat. Concomitantly, learning through others' struggles and experiences provided them with context about what risk factors to avoid in order to remain grounded to their goals and aspirations. This study adds to existing scholarship by highlighting the importance and role that internal disposition (i.e., positive self-disposition, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy), commitment to others, familismo, and learning through the context of others' struggles or experiences has upon promotion of academic resiliency. This research inquiry engages and affirms the theoretical frameworks utilized (i.e., resiliency theory and the resilience cycle) and adds positive self-disposition and self-efficacy as pivotal elements to the nucleus of the resilience cycle. This collective case study informs the importance of internal dispositions and the influence cultural underpinnings (i.e., familismo ) hold upon development of academic resilience. The dissertation closes with a summary of the major contributions to scholarship, implications, areas for future study, suggestions for practice, researcher reflections, and final thoughts.

Crime and deadly violence have increased in Sweden in recent years. Victims and perpetrators have become younger and research shows that the majority of crimes committed in society today are committed by young men (Estrada, 2022). Why some people choose a criminal lifestyle of violence and crime is a question many often ask. The purpose of the study was therefore to investigate which factors protect and which factors increase the risk of criminal behavior in a child. I chose to do a theoretical thematic literature study of two books in order to investigate which risk and protective factors I could find that influence a person to become criminal or not criminal. The study was based on previous research of risk and protective factors and two selected books which are Nicola Lunabba's autobiography Will you be sad if I die? (2022) and Gangster life: crimes, the gang and life on the street (2021) written by Jacob Härnqvist. The research results of the study showed that there are several risk factors for a child to develop criminal behavior and examples of these are growing up with a weak economy, abuse,violence, lack of love and support and difficulties in controlling their aggression. The result also showed the importance of protective factors and that these in turn can be feelings of support and love, good relationships, routines and interests and future plans. The study also showed how deviant behavior in a child at an early age often has an increased risk of continuing into adulthood, which means that one should work preventively against crime in the child's early age. At the same time, the study showed that the reason why a child develops criminal behavior is complicated and is caused by a variety of factors that interact at the child's different levels. It is therefore not possible to give a concrete answer as to why a child develops criminal behaviour, but is instead based on the child's environment, characteristics and risk and protective factors.