Dans le cadre de leurs démarches de modernisation, les entreprises tunisiennes sont à la recherche d’un modèle de gestion efficace de leurs Ressources Humaines permettant, au-delà de la flexibilité et des restructurations nécessaires, d’assurer un développement de leurs performances, ainsi qu’une sécurisation des parcours professionnels de leurs salariés. L’hypothèse centrale que nous avons déterminée comme réponse à cette problématique est la suivante : la rénovation de Gestion des Ressources Humaines, par la mise en place d’une politique de développement de l’employabilité, aide les entreprises tunisiennes à faire progresser leur performance sociale et économique et à sécuriser les parcours professionnels de leurs salariés.Les résultats de cette recherche mettent tout d’abord en évidence les principales difficultés de modernisation de Gestion des Ressources Humaines au sein des entreprises tunisiennes (managériales, structurelles, institutionnels et culturelles), puis l’apport de développement de l’employabilité pour la rénovation des pratiques de GRH et à l’accroissement de performances sociales et économiques à moyen et à long terme et, enfin, les conditions nécessaires à l’intégration d’une politique de développement de l’employabilité à la GRH. / As part of their efforts to modernize the Tunisian companies are looking for a model of effective management of their human resources with, beyond restructuring and flexibility necessary to ensure development of their performance and a career security of their employees. The central hypothesis we have determined as a response to this problem is: the renovation of Human Resource Management, for the establishment of a policy of development of employability, with Tunisian companies to advance their performance social and economic security and career paths for their employees.The results of this research are first identified the major challenges of modernizing human resources management in the Tunisian firms (managerial, structural, institutional and cultural) and the provision of employability development for renovation Human Resource Management practices and increasing social and economic performance in the medium and longer term and finally the conditions for the integration of a development policy employability of HRM.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been a subject of increasing interest among academics and business practitioners globally. This thesis contributes to the discourse on CSR in the context of the Nigerian oil industry with regard to corporate-community relations. Specifically, the thesis constitutes a critique of CSR initiatives by multinational oil companies (MOC) operating in the Niger Delta region and their impact on the traditional livelihoods of local communities. The research attempts to understand the link between CSR and Psychological contract from the perspective of both the host communities and the MOCs. This thesis examines community perceptions, expectations and seeks to interpret the relationship between the host communities and the MOCs. The study provides empirical data through the use of twenty-eight semi-structured interviews and three focus groups. This is significant given that most of the research conducted into CSR in this region has been limited to descriptive and extensive theoretical explanations. Findings from the research suggest that the relationship between the host communities and the MOC is a very complex one and that the impact of the MOCs activities can be interpreted from the host communities’ negative actions. The thesis makes an important contribution to the emerging literature on social license to operate (SLO) and in what manner the local communities seek to enforce it. It also offers an alternative approach to CSR based on need assessment and stakeholder involvement rather than corporate obligations and expectations from society in general.

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Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-05-03T20:23:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - definitiva.pdf: 907088 bytes, checksum: 20f0cf3a751c84dbede235597a731e48 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-05-03T20:23:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - definitiva.pdf: 907088 bytes, checksum: 20f0cf3a751c84dbede235597a731e48 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-05-03T20:24:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - definitiva.pdf: 907088 bytes, checksum: 20f0cf3a751c84dbede235597a731e48 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-03T20:24:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - definitiva.pdf: 907088 bytes, checksum: 20f0cf3a751c84dbede235597a731e48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Este estudo versa sobre contrato psicológico e comprometimento organizacional, no contexto das agências reguladoras, autarquias da administração pública brasileira. Os contratos psicológicos são as expectativas e crenças dos indivíduos a respeito das obrigações recíprocas entre eles e suas organizações. O contrato psicológico é criado de forma espontânea e não faz parte do acordo formal entre empregado e empregador. O comprometimento organizacional refere-se à forma como cada pessoa percebe a motivação de seu vínculo com a organização, que pode ser de cunho afetivo, que reflete um desejo, instrumental, que reflete uma necessidade ou normativo, que reflete uma obrigação. A pesquisa realizada objetivou identificar se existe alguma relação e qual seria esta relação, entre os quatros tipos de contrato psicológico: relacional, equilibrado, transacional e transitório, com os três tipos de comprometimento organizacional, dos servidores públicos de agências reguladoras, que têm direito à estabilidade funcional, o que significa direito de manter o emprego permanentemente. O resultado da pesquisa demonstrou as relações existentes entre as variações de contrato psicológico e comprometimento organizacional dos servidores, apontando para a predominância do contrato transitório e do comprometimento instrumental. / This study focuses on the psychological contract and organizational commitment in the context of regulatory agencies, municipalities in the Brazilian public administration. The psychological contracts are the expectations and beliefs of individuals about the reciprocal obligations between them and their organizations. The psychological contract is created spontaneously and is not part of the formal agreement between employee and employer. The organizational commitment refers to how each person perceives the motivation of their bond with the organization, which can be affective, which reflects a desire, instrumental, reflecting a need or normative, which reflects an obligation. The research aimed to identify whether there is any relationship and what would this relationship between the four types of psychological contracts: relational, balanced, transactional and transitional, with the three types of organizational commitment, of public servants from regulatory agencies, who are entitled to functional stability, which means the right to keep the job permanently. The research result showed the relationship between changing psychological contract and organizational commitment of the servers, pointing to a predominance of transitional contract and instrumental commitment.

20% d’une classe d’âge sort du système éducatif sans qualification. Est-ce la non-qualité d’un processus qui dysfonctionne ? Peut-on appliquer dans l’Ecole la gestion de la qualité, qui est aujourd’hui un modèle organisationnel de la culture managériale commune. L’émergence d’un nouveau type de contrat social, caractérisé par un nouvel ordre du travail (New Work Order), semble concomitante du New Public Management qui voit une importation des concepts généralement liés au monde des entreprises dans la sphère des institutions. Ces transpositions ne sont pas sans poser des problèmes notamment dans la traduction deprincipes dans un contexte qui peut s’avérer différent, et dont les parties prenantes ne sont pas en demande ou en refusent les paradigmes tout autant que leur application. Il nous a donc paru intéressant d’analyser les conditions d’applicabilité de la norme ISO 9000 aux établissements éducatifs, en nous focalisant plus particulièrement sur les lycées professionnels qui présentent des caractéristiques originales permettant d’appréhender la question de la finalité d’insertion vers l’emploi du système scolaire. A partir d’entretiens semi-directifs, nous proposons une modélisation des processus mis en oeuvre ainsi que des recommandations sur les conditions d’applicabilité d’une démarche qualité dans une institution scolaire. Au-delà de l’analyse des impacts organisationnels de l’application de l’ISO 9000 dans un contexte éducatif, faisant notamment apparaître un système complexe de voix de clients parfois contradictoires, ou de parties prenantes jouant plusieurs rôles dans le processus, nousnous sommes attachés à mettre au point un outil de pilotage de la relation individu/organisation ou élève/institution. Pour ce faire, nous avons adapté le Psychological Contract Index de Rousseau, à la fois au public et au contexte de cette relation. Une étudequantitative nous a permis de distinguer les facteurs influençant la dynamique du contrat implicite et explicite qui est en oeuvre dans l’éducation et l’apprentissage. Une procédure, ce n’est pas nécessairement une suite de réponses mais cela peut être unefaçon de poser les questions. / 20% of an age group comes out of the educational system without qualification. Should this non-quality of the educational process be questioned? Quality management is now a widely accepted an organizational framework of managerial culture. The emergence of a new social contract, characterized by the New Work Order seems concomitant of New Public Management which promotes organizational concepts taken from the business culture and applied to institutions. These transfers can nonetheless cause problems. For example, translating principles in a different context, and also when stakeholders are not receptive or even refusing both the paradigms and their implementation. We analyze the applicability conditions of the ISO 9000 norm to educative institutions, focusing on vocational education which contains special features that allow us to understand the aim of the educational system as the preparation to a first professional position. Based on a field-work of semi-structured interviews, we propose a modelization of the process as well as recommendations about applicability conditions of a quality management course of actions in an educative institution. We also try to go beyond the impact analysis of organizational issues when applying ISO 9000 in an educative context. We unveil a complex system of sometimes contradictory customer voices, or stakeholders taking up different roles and functions in the process. We have tried to set up an analytic tool to monitor the relation between an individual and an organization, or a student and an institution. To do so, we adapted Rousseau’s Psychological Contract Index both to the public target population and to the context of the relation. A set of collected data quantitative study allowed us to isolate a series of factors influencing implicit and explicit dynamics at work in education and professional training. A procedure is not necessarily a continuation of answers but it can be a means of asking questions.

The HIV and AIDS pandemic is arguably the greatest threat facing the world today. The pandemic has a far-reaching impact on society, including the workplace. The effect in the workplace is observed in various areas including a reduction in certain skills levels, mortality and declining job performance of employees living with HIV or AIDS. In addition, the fear of discrimination and stigmatisation prevents infected employees from disclosing their HIV status, thus driving the pandemic underground. Despite the potential negative impact that is looming, many employers still do not have any workplace support programmes in place to manage HIV and AIDS in their organisations. However, some employers have implemented workplace support programmes. This research thus explored the influence of workplace support programmes on the job performance of employees that were living with HIV or AIDS. The findings suggest that job performance is positively influenced where workplace support programmes have been implemented. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Det har skett en förändring både på arbetsmarknaden och arbetsplatsen. Det som förändrats är förväntningarna på arbetet och på dess innehåll. Syftet med studien är att undersöka varför så många medarbetare väljer att lämna en avdelning i en organisation vars personalomsättning annars är låg. Resultatet ska kunna användas som ett underlag för att organisationer ska kunna höja sin retention och behålla befintliga samt framtida medarbetare på avdelningen. Denna studie är begränsad till en särskild avdelning och är utformad som en kvalitativ fallstudie med en abduktiv ansats. Åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts till största delen ur ett arbetstagarperspektiv men även med två arbetsgivarrepresentanter. Intervjuerna visade att avsikten att lämna avdelningen oftast beror på flera faktorer i kombination med varandra. Om de lämnar vid ett tidigare skede kan bero på att förväntningar inte uppfylls. Bristen på möjlighet till karriärutveckling gör att medarbetare lämnar avdelningen om de vill utvecklas. Det har funnits en känsla av att bli orättvist behandlad samt en brist på egenkontroll när de anställda möter en högre arbetsbelastning. Faktorerna ovan i kombination med brist på stöd ökar den anställdas avsikt att lämna.

There exists a huge amount of quantitative research about organizational commitment, the psychological contract and its relevance for retention. We do, however notice a lack of qualitative research when it comes to commitment, the psychological contract and how different factors cooperate to achieve retention. Because of this, we would like to highlight the expectations employees have as well as which factors that make them committed to their organization, using a qualitative method. Through 15 semi-structured interviews with managers at IKEA Kalmar, we tried to identify what matters most för their wish to stay. We made the decision based on the assumption that managers will provide better inputs for our purpose thanks to a better insight regards to longer employment. One interview was held with the HR manager to provide the study with the organization's perspective. This study shows that professional and personal development and the work with employer branding and culture develop commitment and are a part of the psychological contract and important for managers’ willingness to stay. We also noticed that employee development is a part of the organization's culture, and that the factors cooperate to increase retention. These factors are important to uphold, as this study shows that they can increase over time in relevance, and continually affects commitment. We have also seen that what most affects retention in this context is the emotional bond between employee and organization, affective commitment. / Det finns stora mängder forskning om organizational commitment, det psykologiska kontraktet och dess relevans för anställdas önskan att stanna i en organisation av kvantitativ karaktär. Dock återfinns det en avsaknad av kvalitativ forskning ifråga om vad det är som har betydelse för att man vill stanna i en organisation i ljuset av organizational commitment, det psykologiska kontraktet och hur olika faktorer samspelar till det. Därför ville vi med en kvalitativ studie belysa vilka förväntningar anställda har och vilka faktorer som gör anställda committed till deras organisation. Vi genomförde 15 semistrukturerade intervjuer på IKEA Kalmar där chefer fick beskriva deras upplevelser och tankar kring vad som hade betydelse för att de ville stanna. Vi valde att fokusera på grupp- och avdelningschefer då IKEA är känt för sin internrekrytering och då vi ansåg att dessa är väl insatta i organisationen och har en bra erfarenhet då de har arbetat där en längre tid. En utav intervjuerna gjordes med en HRchef för att få organisationens perspektiv på varför anställda stannar och hur de arbetar med att behålla dem. Studien visar att kompetens- och karriärutveckling och arbetet med employer branding och organisationskultur, utvecklar commitment och ses som en del av det psykologiska kontraktet och har betydelse för chefernas vilja att stanna. Vi har även sett att aspekter såsom utveckling som har betydelse, inkluderas i organisationskulturen. Resultatet visar på att kompetens- och karriärutveckling och employer branding samverkar till viljan att stanna. Studien visar också på att de betydelsefulla aspekterna är viktiga att upprätthålla då de ökar i betydelse över tid och att commitment utvecklas över tid. Vi har också sett att det som mest förklarar att man vill stanna är att man känner ett känslomässigt band, affective commitment, till organisationen.

[pt] Na literatura mais recente da gestão observa-se o crescente discurso ressaltando a importância das pessoas dentro da organização. Como conseqüência, as empresas vêm implementando políticas e práticas que visam elevar o comprometimento e a produtividade de seus empregados. Entre essas ferramentas está o Sistema de Gestão de Desempenho. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a influência dos Sistemas de Gestão de Desempenho no comprometimento dos indivíduos com relação às organizações e às metas estabelecidas. Através de um estudo de campo com a utilização de questionários, a pesquisa observou que as variações nos níveis de comprometimento são mais visíveis quando indivíduo percebe que o Sistema de Gestão de Desempenho propicia ganhos para o funcionário, tais como oportunidades de crescimento profissional, maior acesso à informação e maior autonomia de decisão. Além de uma maior influência sobre o comprometimento para com as metas, tais práticas levam à formação de um comprometimento normativo (quanto à organização e a meta) e, em menor escala, a um comprometimento afetivo com a organização. / [en] In the current literacy we observe a growing speech showing the importance of the employees to the organizations. As a consequence, organizations have been implementing policies and practices with the aim to increase employee´s commitment and productivity. Among these practices we identify the Performance Management System. The present study intends to investigate the influences of Performance Management System in individual commitments towards the established goals and the organizations itself. Analyzing the questionnaires handed out to individuals working in different organizations, the present study concluded that commitment level´s variation are more visible when the employee has the perception that Performance Management System offers him some kind of return, like an opportunity to develop their careers, greater information´s availability or a chance to acquire more autonomy to make decisions. In addition of increasing the influence over goals commitments, these practices also ascend over normative commitment (towards the goals and the organizations as well) and, in a minor scale, over an affective commitment towards the organization.

Aujourd'hui la vie au travail est caractérisée par une grande complexité, une imprévisibilité, et une insécurité. L'intérêt pour l'employabilité a été suscité par l'impact économique des pénuries de compétences et de main-d'œuvre et la nature changeante des carrières ainsi que par l'érosion de la sécurité de l'emploi. Pour assurer la sécurité d'emploi de ses salariés qui sont garants de son adaptation et de sa performance, l'entreprise doit mener des actions pour maintenir et développer leur employabilité. La finalité de cette recherche est de comprendre comment les pratiques RH influencent l'employabilité et l'implication organisationnelle. La réponse à cette problématique contribue à proposer aux organisations une approche adaptée de l'utilisation des pratiques RH qu'elles ont à leur disposition. Deux types de méthodologie ont été croisés. D'abord une étude qualitative exploratoire a été menée auprès d'un échantillon multi-acteur de 21 personnes (Dirigeants, DRH et salariés). Elle a visé à enrichir et à vérifier la pertinence du modèle proposé à l'issue de l'analyse de la littérature, à identifier les pratiques RH favorables à l'employabilité et à explorer le concept de l'employabilité à travers une explicitation de ses dimensions. Ensuite une étude quantitative, auprès de 266 salariés, nous a permis de vérifier le type de relations qui peuvent exister entre les pratiques RH, l'employabilité et l'implication organisationnelle. Notre recherche montre que, d'une manière générale, les pratiques RH influencent positivement l'employabilité et l'implication organisationnelle notamment la dimension affective. Cette étude propose cinq familles de pratiques RH (l'organisation qualifiante et la mobilité, la formation et l'évaluation, la communication, la GPEC et la rémunération) qui agissent sur l'employabilité (individuelle, par les compétences, et interne/externe) et sur l'implication organisationnelle (affective et calculée). / Today working life is characterized by highly complex, unpredictability and insecurity. The interest for employability was motivated by the economic impact of skills shortages and labor force; the changing nature of careers, and the erosion of job security.To ensure the job security of its employees who are guarantors of its adaptation and its performance, the organization must take action to maintain and to develop their employability.The purpose of our study is to understand how HR practices influence employability and organizational commitment. The answer to this issue helps organizations provide a suitable method in terms how to use HR practices which they have at their disposal approach.Two types of methodology were crossed. First, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted with a multi-actor sample, 21 persons (executives, DHR and employees) were interviewed. It aimed to enrich and to verify the relevance of the research model proposed after the literature review; to identify HR practices in favor to employability; and to explore the concept of employability through an explanation of its dimensions. Then a quantitative study among 266 employees helps us to confirm the type of relationship that may exist between HR practices, employability and organizational commitment.Our research shows that in a general way, HR practices positively influence the employability and organizational commitment particularly affective dimension. This study suggests five families of HR practices (the learning organization and mobility, training and evaluation, communication, compensation and management planning of employment and skills) acting on employability (individual approach, skills approach, and internal / external approachs) and organizational commitment (affective dimension and continuance dimension).