Šiuolaikinė mokykla prisitaiko prie vis naujų visuomenės poreikių, tampa atvira besimokančia organizacija, kurioje labai svarbus bendradarbiavimo modelis organizacijos viduje ir organizacijos ryšiai su kitomis įstaigomis. Kaimiškose vietovėse esančios ugdymo įstaigos tenkina bendruomenės narių poreikius, sprendžia socialines, edukologines visuomenės problemas, todėl norint suteikti kvalifikuotą pagalbą bendruomenės nariams, ugdymo įstaigos kuria bendradarbiavimo tinklą, į kurį turi įtraukti viešojo sektoriaus organizacijas. Šiame darbe analizuojamos kaimo mokyklos bendradarbiavimo su viešųjų įstaigų problemos. Daug dėmesio skiriama švietimo organizacijos ryšiams su visuomene taikomoms priemonėms ir jų įtakai ieškant bendradarbiavimo būdų su kitomis organizacijomis. Įvertinama mokyklos bendradarbiavimo kultūros nauda visuomenei. Teorinėje dalyje nagrinėjama švietimo organizacijos bendradarbiavimo problema, bendradarbiavimo samprata, švietimo organizacijos kultūros įtaka mokyklos viduje ir su viešosiomis organizacijomis. Daug dėmesio skiriama švietimo organizacijos ryšiams su visuomene taikomoms priemonėms ir jų įtakai ieškant bendradarbiavimo būdų su kitomis organizacijomis. Praktinėje dalyje analizuojama kaimo mokyklos bendradarbiavimo su viešosiomis ir kitomis organizacijomis situacija. Tiriama, kokie veiksniai lemia švietimo organizacijos bendradarbiavimo kultūros kūrimą ir kas įtakoja organizacijos įvaizdžio formavimą, kuris padeda bendradarbiauti su įvairiomis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Modern school is adapting to new needs of the society, it becomes more open learning organisation, where inside cooperation model of the organisation and its relations with other institutions are very important. Educational institutions that are located in the countryside meet the needs of community members, such institutions solve social and educational problems of the society therefore to provide qualified help to the memebers of society educational institutions create cooperation net (system) which involves public institutions. Problems of cooperation between village school and public entities are analysed in this work. A lot of attention is given to means of communication between the society and educational institution, and their influence on search of ways of communication with other organisations. The use of cooperation of the school is evaluated. The problems of cooperation of educational institution, conception of cooperation, influence of the culture of educational institution inside the school and with public entities are analyzed in the theoretical part of the work. A lot of attention is given to means of communication between the society and the educational institution and their influence on search of ways of communication with other organizations. The situation of cooperation between village school and public entities and other organizations are analysed in the practical part of the work. It is analyzed what factors condition creation of culture of cooperation... [to full text]

Striving towards service excellence, a public entity can embark on various service and product delivery strategies as well as functional management strategies or management tools. The primary objective of this study is to indicate to what extent a public entity such as Gerotek can meet the different approaches to economically viable service delivery to the government and commercial environments respectively, where different rules, regulations, means and ways of contracting apply. In order to realise this objective, the characteristics of public entities and those of private entities competing in the same market were explored and comparisons made between the different entities to indicate the level of success each one is able to achieve. Public-Private Partnerships, Project- Partnering and Management, as well as Black Economic Empowerment involvement, as different forms of partnership agreements or other forms of business models, were investigated to distinguish best practice in service and product delivery strategies. The effectiveness of various management tools was discussed, such as the South African Excellence Model, Total Quality Management, and the Balanced Scorecard, which can be applied to assist management in improving service delivery. Interviews were conducted according to an interviewer-administered questionnaire to obtain information pertaining to the literature study of the above, in order to determine the effectiveness of service delivery within a public entity competing in government and commercial environments. The respondents agreed that a public entity could meet best practice to deliver economically viable services and products to both environments, with the reservation that continuous improvements should be made. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Striving towards service excellence, a public entity can embark on various service and product delivery strategies as well as functional management strategies or management tools. The primary objective of this study is to indicate to what extent a public entity such as Gerotek can meet the different approaches to economically viable service delivery to the government and commercial environments respectively, where different rules, regulations, means and ways of contracting apply. In order to realise this objective, the characteristics of public entities and those of private entities competing in the same market were explored and comparisons made between the different entities to indicate the level of success each one is able to achieve. Public-Private Partnerships, Project- Partnering and Management, as well as Black Economic Empowerment involvement, as different forms of partnership agreements or other forms of business models, were investigated to distinguish best practice in service and product delivery strategies. The effectiveness of various management tools was discussed, such as the South African Excellence Model, Total Quality Management, and the Balanced Scorecard, which can be applied to assist management in improving service delivery. Interviews were conducted according to an interviewer-administered questionnaire to obtain information pertaining to the literature study of the above, in order to determine the effectiveness of service delivery within a public entity competing in government and commercial environments. The respondents agreed that a public entity could meet best practice to deliver economically viable services and products to both environments, with the reservation that continuous improvements should be made. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Les personnes publiques ne sont pas propriétaires de tous les biens qu’elles utilisent. Elles louent ou empruntent souvent les biens nécessaires à l’exercice de leurs missions. L’utilisation du bien d’autrui n’est plus envisagée comme la solution par défaut qu’elle fut longtemps. A cette fin, les personnes publiques optent pour des procédés juridiques multiples. Titulaires de la capacité à contracter, elles concluent des baux civils ou commerciaux, des prêts à usage ou des usufruits conventionnels. Elles peuvent également recourir à des procédés de droit public, tels que les marchés publics de fournitures ou les marchés de partenariat. Enfin, certains mécanismes non-conventionnels permettent également cette déconnexion entre l’usage et la propriété. En vertu d’une prérogative de puissance publique particulièrement exorbitante, l’administration est habilitée à capter unilatéralement un droit d’usage dans le patrimoine d’autrui, via son pouvoir de réquisition, par exemple. L’aptitude unique de l’administration à jouer ainsi sur plusieurs tableaux est la marque de son irréductible spécificité.L’utilisation du bien d’autrui par une personne publique est en principe le support d’une mission ou d’une tâche d’intérêt général. Pour cette raison, son exécution doit respecter les nécessités de l’action publique, ensemble de principes et exigences juridiques qui impliquent que les activités administratives soient mises en œuvre de manière efficace et sans interruption, à l’aide de moyens adaptés et dans de bonnes conditions financières. A cet égard, l’utilisation du bien d’autrui présente des atouts dont l’exercice du droit de propriété est dépourvu, au moins dans deux circonstances. Les besoins de courte durée, qu’ils soient ponctuels ou discontinus, sont mieux assouvis par la location, le prêt à usage, ou la réquisition, que par l’acquisition d’un bien. La même remarque s’applique, avec quelques nuances, à la satisfaction des besoins complexes de l’administration. Mais la difficile adaptation à l’évolution des besoins et la précarité qui caractérise un nombre important de ces techniques juridiques présente le risque d’une certaine perte de maîtrise, qui peut mettre à mal la continuité, la mutabilité, la « qualité » et la « performance » du service public auquel le bien loué est affecté. Dès lors, le droit public est appelé à réagir. Un régime juridique unifié pourrait être appliqué à l’ensemble des biens utilisés par l’administration, quel qu’en soit le propriétaire, dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre d’une activité de service public. Ces règles s’attacheraient à rendre l’utilisation inviolable, abstraction faite de l’instrument juridique qui fonde l’exercice du droit d’usage ou de jouissance par la personne publique. / Public entities do not own all the goods they use. They often rent or borrow the assets necessary for the performance of their missions. The use of the property of others is no longer considered as the default solution that it was for a long time. To this end, public entities opt for multiple legal processes. Holders of the capacity to contract, they conclude civil or commercial leases, loans or conventional usufruct. They may also use public law procedures, such as public supply contracts or partnership contracts. Finally, some non-conventional mechanisms also allow this disconnection between use and ownership. By virtue of a particularly exorbitant prerogative of public power, the administration is empowered to unilaterally capture a right of use in the patrimony of others, for example, by its power of requisition. The unique ability of the administration to play thus on several tables is the mark of its irreducible specificity.The use of the property of others by a public person is in principle the support of a mission or task of general interest. For this reason, its execution must respect the requirements of public action, a set of principles and legal requirements which imply that administrative activities must be carried out efficiently and without interruption, using appropriate and appropriate means financial conditions. In this respect, the use of the property of others presents assets whose exercise of the right of ownership is devoid, at least in two circumstances. Short-term needs, whether they are punctual or discontinuous, are better satisfied by renting, using loans, or requisitioning than by acquiring property. The same remark applies, with some nuances, to the satisfaction of the complex needs of the administration. But the difficult adaptation to changing needs and the precariousness that characterizes a large number of these legal techniques presents the risk of a certain loss of control, which can undermine continuity, mutability, "quality" and Performance "of the public service to which the leased asset is assigned. Consequently, public law is called upon to react. A unified legal regime could be applied to all property used by the administration, whatever its owner, in the context of the implementation of a public service activity. These rules would aim at making the use inviolable, apart from the legal instrument on which the exercise of the right of use or enjoyment by the public person is based.

La classification des personnes publiques s’est bâtie sur une distinction dualiste avec d’un côté, la catégorie des collectivités territoriales et de l’autre, celle des établissements publics. A cause des réticences du juge et de la doctrine, la question de l’existence de nouvelles personnes publiques est restée scellée jusqu’à la troisième voie ouverte par le législateur et l’apparition des groupements d’intérêt public (GIP). Les GIP ont été les premières structures qualifiées de personnes publiques innomées. Ensuite, la jurisprudence a consacré l’institution juridique de personnes publiques sui generis à l’image de la Banque de France. Dans les années 2000, le législateur a étendu la liste des personnes publiques innomées en créant une nouvelle forme d’autorité administrative indépendante, les autorités publiques indépendantes dotées de la personnalité morale. Ces personnes publiques ont été créées en vue de moderniser l’action administrative. Elles sont parfois présentées comme des nouvelles formules juridiques venant concurrencer l’établissement public devenu, semble-t-il, une formule désuète au regard des impératifs de la modernisation de la gestion publique. Toutefois, les nouvelles personnes publiques se différencient difficilement de l’établissement public. En effet, ces nouvelles structures sont dotées de la personnalité publique et elles sont soumises au principe de spécialité. Par conséquent, il est possible de rapprocher les nouvelles personnes publiques de la catégorie classique de l’établissement public. En définitive, la grande souplesse et la diversité du statut des établissements publics permettent de dégager l’existence de plusieurs catégories d’établissements publics parmi lesquelles il convient de ranger les nouvelles personnes publiques spéciales. / Classification of public entities is built on a dualistic distinction with one hand, the category of local authorities and the other, that of public establishments. Because of the reluctance of judge and doctrine, the question of the existence of new public entities remained sealed until the third path opened by the legislature and the emergence of public interest groups (GIP). The GIP were the first structures of qualified persons unnamed public. Next, the jurisprudence has dedicated legal institution sui generis public persons in the image of the Bank of France. In the 2000s, the legislature has expanded the list of unnamed public by creating a new form of independent administrative authority, public authorities with independent legal personality. These public entities were created to modernize administrative action. They are sometimes presented as new legal formulas from competing public establishment became, it seems, an outdated formula under the imperatives of modernization of public administration. However, the new public figures hardly differ from the public establishment. Indeed, these new structures have the public persona and are subject to the principle of specialty. Therefore, it is possible to bring new entities public the classical category of public establishment. Ultimately, the flexibility and diversity of the status of public establishments can identify the existence of several categories including public institutions should store the new special public entities.

Comme la propriété privée, la propriété publique a été confondue avec les biens qui n’en sont que les objets. En droit privé, comme en droit public, il est possible, pourtant, de considérer que la propriété n’est pas un bien. Droit subjectif, la propriété est la puissance que le sujet exerce sur les biens. Formellement, elle est le droit de jouir et de disposer des choses conformément au droit objectif. Matériellement, elle variera en fonction du statut de droit objectif qui habilite le sujet de la propriété, le propriétaire. Les personnes publiques, sujets de l’action publique, sont propriétaires sur le fondement d’une compétence que leur assigne immédiatement l’obligation d’agir dans l’intérêt public. La compétence attribue aux personnes publiques un droit de propriété public, affecté au service du seul intérêt public. Envisager les personnes publiques propriétaires au lieu de la propriété des personnes publiques, aura permis de contribuer à la théorie des ordres juridiques partiels comme représentation de la distinction du droit public et du droit privé. Cela conduit à proposer une définition juridique de l’action publique : l’ensemble d’activités mises en œuvre à partir de l’exercice, par les personnes publiques, de leurs droits subjectifs publics, de puissance et de propriété. / As it is the case for private property, the public property was long time confused with the goods that are its objects. However, in public law as in private law, we should consider that property right is not a good. Being an individual right, the property stands for the power exerted by a subject over goods. Formally, it is the right to enjoy and dispose of goods according to law. Materially, it will vary depending on the applicable law which empowers the owner, subject of the property. Public entities, subjects of public action, are owners based on a competency immediately assigned to them by their duty to act in the public interest. This competency grants to public entities a right to public property only affected to the public interest. Focusing on the public persons as owners instead of considering only their property helps contributing to the theory of partial legal orders (“théorie des ordres juridiques partiels”) as a representation of the distinction between public and private law. This finally leads to suggest a legal definition of the public action as a set of activities implemented by the public persons in the exercise of their subjective rights of property.

El Estado Peruano viene ejecutando esfuerzos para implementar cuantas acciones sean necesarias a fin de hacer más eficaz y eficiente la generación de bienes y servicios que brinda, para así poder alcanzar resultados positivos en beneficio del bienestar de los ciudadanos y el desarrollo del país; en tal sentido, a través de la Política Nacional de Modernización de Gestión Pública al 20211, el Ejecutivo establece la visión, los principios y los lineamientos para una actuación coherente y eficaz del sector público al servicio de los ciudadanos y del desarrollo del país. (Presidencia de Consejo de Ministros, 2021) Bajo este contexto, La Contraloría General de la República lleva a cabo, a través de la “Auditoría de Desempeño”2, la evaluación de la calidad y el desempeño de entrega de los bienes y servicios que brindan las entidades públicas, con la finalidad de alcanzar resultados que impacten en la calidad de los servicios públicos que se brindan a los ciudadanos. Sin embargo, pese a los numerosos esfuerzos que realiza, verificamos que, el aplicativo web Sigueplan, herramienta informativa que sirve para dar seguimiento a las acciones a implementar por las entidades públicas, se muestra que a noviembre de 2020 se tienen registrados un total de 16 Auditorías de Desempeño realizadas a diferentes servicios que fueron brindados por entidades públicas, cuyos Planes de Acción emitidos incluyeron un total de 522 acciones a implementar, y que pese a haber transcurrido el plazo máximo para la implementación, a la fecha aún existen recomendaciones con implementación baja o nula. En tal sentido, en el presente trabajo de investigación se analiza las principales causas identificadas por el equipo auditor a cargo del seguimiento de los Planes de Acción de la Contraloría General de la República, que limitaron la continuidad en el proceso de seguimiento, asimismo, se realiza un análisis del Sistema de reporte de seguimiento – Sigueplan de acceso público, así como de la Directiva N° 008-2016 CG/GPROD que reguló la auditoría de desempeño durante la vigencia de implementación de los Planes de Acción seleccionados, a fin de proponer alternativas de mejora y formular recomendaciones que contribuyan a la mejora del proceso de seguimiento a los Planes de Acción, producto de las auditorias de desempeño. / The Peruvian State has been executing efforts to implement the actions that are necessary in order to make the generation of goods and services it provides more effective and efficient to achieve positive results for the well-being of citizens and the development of the country; In this sense, through the National Policy for the Modernization of Public Management by 2021, the Executive establishes the vision, principles and guidelines for a coherent and effective action of the public sector at the service of citizens and the development of the country. (Presidencia de Consejo de Ministros, 2021) Under this context, the Comptroller General of the Republic carries out, through the "Performance Audit", the evaluation of the quality and performance of the delivery of goods and services provided by public entities, in order to achieve results. that impact on the quality of public services provided to citizens. However, despite the numerous efforts made by the Comptroller General of the Republic, we verified that the web application Sigueplan, an informative tool that serves to monitor the actions to be implemented by public entities, it is shown that as of November 2020 a total of 16 Performance Audits have been registered for different services that were provided by public entities, whose Action Plans issued included a total of 522 actions to be implemented, and that despite After the deadline for implementation has elapsed, to date there are recommendations with little or no implementation. In this sense, this research work analyzes the main causes identified by the audit team in charge of monitoring the Action Plans of the Office of the Comptroller General of the Republic, which limited the continuity in the monitoring process, as well as performs an analysis of the monitoring report system - public access plan, as well as Directive No. 008-2016 CG/GPROD that regulated the performance audit during the implementation period of the selected Action Plans, in order to propose alternatives for improvement and formulate recommendations that contribute to the improvement of the follow-up process for action plans, as a result of performance audits. / Trabajo de investigación

Dissertation titled Optimization of the process from the perspektive of the public project sponsor indicates the procurement process both through public procurement, and primarily through PPP (Public Private Partnership). The main objective is to optimize the procurement process by PPP from the perspective of the owner. Therefore, under the general statutes of the Ministry of Finance is processed general process and design methodology for assessing the project within municipalities. This model is then verified in the context of case study in a specific project.

La definición de Entidad Pública a nivel formativo, tomando como referencia a la Ley del Procedimiento Administrativo, es la investigación llevada a cabo en la presente pesquisa mediante un tipo de investigación de resultados y documentales, junto a un diseño bibliográfico con un método analítico de análisis documental, formulándose como objeto de estudio proponer una definición al término entidad pública en la ley del procedimiento administrativo general, analizando el concepto de “entidad pública” existente en el ordenamiento peruano y a la luz del Derecho Comparado. Por tanto, para dar respuesta a la propuesta se estudiaron distintas fuentes, documentos, revistas, libros y páginas web con importantes aportes al tema de investigación para tratar la forma de organización constitucional del Estado, analizar el artículo I del Título Preliminar del Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley N° 27444, las características jurídicas de las entidades públicas y sus clases de acuerdo a nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, asimismo, realizar un análisis comparado con países como España y Argentina. De esta manera, se puede concluir señalando el vacío conceptual existente hasta la actualidad sobre la definición propiamente dicha de Entidad Pública tanto en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano como en los países de España y Argentina, motivo de investigación de la presente tesis con la finalidad de brindarle un concepto idóneo. / The definition of Public Entity at the educational level, taking the Administrative Procedure Law as a reference, is the investigation carried out through a type of results and documentary research, together with a bibliographic design with an analytical method of analysis. documentary, formulating as an object of study to propose a definition of the term public entity in the law of general administrative procedure, analyzing the concept of "public entity" existing in the Peruvian legal system and in the light of omparative Law. Therefore, in order to respond to the proposal, different sources, documents, magazines, books and web pages were studied with important contributions to the research topic to <leal with the form of constitutional organization ofthe State, analyze article I of the Preliminary Title of the Single Ordered Text of Law No. 27444, the legal characteristics of public entities and their classes according to our legal system, likewise, carry out a comparative analysis with countries such as Spain and Argentina. In this way, it can be concluded by pointing out the conceptual gap that exists to date on the definition itself of Public Entity both in the Peruvian legal system and in the countries of Spain and Argentina, the reason for the investigation of this thesis in order to provide a suitable concept.

The present article talks us about the procedures for selection by request, explaining how it works as an alternative for the common selection procedure on public procurement.Thus, the author explains the process of selection by request with a public entity, privateentity and an international body. / El presente artículo trata sobre los procesos de selección por encargo, explicando así comoopera esta alternativa al proceso de selección clásico en la contratación pública. Así, el autor nos señala el procedimiento en el encargo a una entidad pública, entidad privada y a un organismo internacional.