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Technological literacy is the goal of technology education and in order to attain this goal, students need to be able "to use, manage and understand technology" (ITEA, 2000/2002/2007). Students need to have positive attitudes towards technology and can engage in their technological world. Technological Literacy is an ever-increasing requirement in this 21st Century for students in order for people to engage in their technological world it may well be that we need students to be technologically literate so that we can address these up-and-coming issues. In teaching technology education at the primary level, it is essential to develop valid assessments that gauge student's attitudes about technology so that the results inform policy makers, educators, and curriculum writers to improve the schools' curriculum and advance the teaching of technology education. The purpose of this study was the validation of a modified version of the PATT-USA instrument called the Pupils' Attitudes Towards Technology – Grade 4 (PATT-G4) for use with 4th grade students to assess their attitudes and concepts toward contemporary technology. A literature review reviewing the theoretical frameworks for technology education, the educational shift towards technological literacy as well as best practices for measuring student attitudes and instrument development was conducted. This study was a non-experimental descriptive cross-sectional survey research design which included several statistical tests that were similarly used for the original PATT-USA instrument. Results from the data analysis indicated that students who were enrolled in a technology education program had more positive attitudes towards technology and technological concepts. Furthermore, both boys and girls had very strong attitudes towards the importance of technology. The conclusions and implications suggest that the PATT-G4 instrument should be administered to a larger sample size and different fourth grade populations. / Doctor of Philosophy / Technological literacy is the goal of technology education and in order to attain this goal, students need to be able "to use, manage and understand technology" (ITEA, 2000/2002/2007). Students need to have positive attitudes towards technology and can engage in their technological world. Technological Literacy is an ever-increasing requirement in this 21st Century for students in order for people to engage in their technological world it may well be that we need students to be technologically literate so that we can address these up-and-coming issues. In teaching technology education at the primary level, it is essential to develop valid assessments that gauge student's attitudes about technology so that the results inform policy makers, educators, and curriculum writers to improve the schools' curriculum and advance the teaching of technology education. The purpose of this study was the validation of a modified version of the PATT-USA instrument called the Pupils' Attitudes Towards Technology – Grade 4 (PATT-G4) for use with 4th grade students to assess their attitudes and concepts toward contemporary technology. The initial administration of this instrument was given to a sample of fourth grade students from three sub-urban elementary schools from a northeastern state. Findings indicated that students who were enrolled in a technology education program had more positive attitudes towards technology and technological concepts. Furthermore, both boys and girls had very strong attitudes towards the importance of technology. The conclusions and implications suggest that the PATT-G4 instrument should be administered to a larger sample size and different fourth grade populations.

This diploma thesis deals with a question as a part of educational communication. The aim of the thesis is to analyze educational dialogue at primary school with an emphasis on the function, frequency and type of teachers' and pupils' questions. The first part of the thesis explores the theoretical background of function, frequency and typology of questions. It involves also the topic of the waiting time after asking a question, identifying the pupil who should answer, the quality of pupil's answer as well as teacher's response to it. The theoretical background is complemented by research based on analyses of three video records of lessons and interviews with teachers. One of the key findings of the research is that teacher's style of questioning is determined by his conception of teaching and the aims set.

<p>Arbetet tar upp exempel från två klasser om hur pedagogerna i klassen anpassar sin undervisning efter individerna i klassen. Utifrån fyra områden: hur pedagogerna ser på elever i behov av särskilt stöd; hur de bemöter eleverna; hur de anser att de anpassar sin undervisning och hur de integrerar elever i klassen, försöker detta arbete finna ett sätt för pedagogerna att förhålla sig till individerna i klassen.</p><p>Kvalitativa intervjuer har använts för att få ta del av varje pedagogs synsätt och åsikter. Två lärare, två fritidspedagoger och en förskollärare har intervjuats för att få ett brett perspektiv på de två klasser som undersökts.</p><p>Elevens bästa och behov ska styra vilka pedagogiska riktlinjer pedagogen ska använda sig av.</p> / <p>This essay takes on examples from two classes about how the educationalist in the class adapts their education after the individuals in the class. From four areas: how the educationalists see on the pupils in special needs; how they treat the pupils; how they think that they adept their education and how they integrate pupils to the class, this essay tries to find a way for the educationalists to behave to the individuals in the class.</p><p>Qualitative interviews has been used to take part of every educationalists approach and opinion. Two teachers, two recreation instructors and one preschool teacher has been interviewed to get at wide perspective on the classes that’s been examined.</p><p>The pupils best and needs shall guide which pedagogical guidelines the educationalist should use.</p>

Arbetet tar upp exempel från två klasser om hur pedagogerna i klassen anpassar sin undervisning efter individerna i klassen. Utifrån fyra områden: hur pedagogerna ser på elever i behov av särskilt stöd; hur de bemöter eleverna; hur de anser att de anpassar sin undervisning och hur de integrerar elever i klassen, försöker detta arbete finna ett sätt för pedagogerna att förhålla sig till individerna i klassen. Kvalitativa intervjuer har använts för att få ta del av varje pedagogs synsätt och åsikter. Två lärare, två fritidspedagoger och en förskollärare har intervjuats för att få ett brett perspektiv på de två klasser som undersökts. Elevens bästa och behov ska styra vilka pedagogiska riktlinjer pedagogen ska använda sig av. / This essay takes on examples from two classes about how the educationalist in the class adapts their education after the individuals in the class. From four areas: how the educationalists see on the pupils in special needs; how they treat the pupils; how they think that they adept their education and how they integrate pupils to the class, this essay tries to find a way for the educationalists to behave to the individuals in the class. Qualitative interviews has been used to take part of every educationalists approach and opinion. Two teachers, two recreation instructors and one preschool teacher has been interviewed to get at wide perspective on the classes that’s been examined. The pupils best and needs shall guide which pedagogical guidelines the educationalist should use.

Syftet med den här studien är att beskriva några elevers erfarenheter av att vara elev i gymnasiesärskolan och att lyfta fram deras berättelser. Med fokus på lärande, inflytande, delaktighet och tillhörighet.  Det är en studie som har sin grund i ett inifrånperspektiv som handlar om förståelse för elevers perspektiv. För att kunna förstå elevers perspektiv behövs tolkningar, tolkningar är den teoretiska ansatsen hermeneutikens grundsyn och därför fann jag hermeneutiken vara passande till min studie. Som metod för att kunna besvara mitt syfte har jag använt mig av livsvärldsintervjuer. Studiens resultat bygger på fyra elevintervjuer. Resultaten som framträdde var att eleverna var alla positiva till sin skola, de såg en skola där de fick känna gemenskap. De beskriver att meningen med att utbilda sig handlar om att lära sig något. Några har dessutom en tanke med att lärandet ska skapa bättre förutsättningar för dem i vuxen ålder. Resultatet visade också att eleverna är medvetna om sina behov, svårigheter och kunde relatera dem till olika situationer som de möter och har mött. Vad som också blev synligt i elevernas berättelser var att det förekom begränsad samverkan med gymnasiet. / The purpose of this study is to describe some pupils’ experiences of being a student in upper secondary schools forintellectual disabilities, and highlight their stories. The study has its focus on learning, influence, participation and belonging. It is a study with its base on an inside perspective; the understanding of the pupils' own perspective. In order to understand the pupils' perspective, you need interpretation. That are the theoretical approach to the basic view of the hermeneutic character, hence I found hermeneutics appropriate for my study. As a method to be able to find the answer of the purpose of the study, I have used the life-world interviews. The result of the study is based on the interviews of four pupils. The results that emerged was that all the pupils were positive about their school, they saw a school where were able to feel togetherness. They all describe that the purpose of education is about learning. Some also thought that learning could create better situations for them in adulthood. The results also showed that the pupils are aware of their needs and difficulties and can relate them to different situations they have faced and will face. What also became obvious in the pupils' stories was that there was limited interaction with high school.

The present licentiate thesis aims to investigate pupils’ understanding and use of teacher written feedback in English as a foreign language (EFL). The study was carried out in two Swedish lower secondary schools in two different classrooms, one in year eight with 14-year-old pupils and one in year nine with 15-year-old pupils. A case study research design was adopted to gain insights into nine pupils’ understand-ing and use of feedback. The three participants in year eight wrote ‘a letter to Barack Obama’ and received teacher written feedback in their draft texts and on a separate paper with individualized comments. The six pupils in year nine wrote about ‘mov-ies’ and received teacher written feedback in their draft texts but were also provided with a writing checklist. Data were collected from multiple sources but the data used for analysis were comprised of pupils’ draft and final version texts and pupil reflec-tive interviews.  The findings suggest that pupils understand many of the issues addressed by the teachers in their written feedback. Most pupils express their understanding using everyday language and by resorting to different strategies such as explaining why the feedback is provided, suggesting adequate changes or just by providing a correc-tion. However, it seems hard for a few pupils to understand the use of implicit types of written feedback. The results of the present study also suggest that it is hard to know a priori what pupils will experience as difficult to understand when it comes to the language used by the teachers in their written explanations. The findings further show that the majority of feedback points trigger pupils to make revision operations that involve major text-based changes. In other words pupils make more changes than those addressed in the teachers’ written feedback. The results also highlight that most pupils do not challenge their teachers’ feedback.  The findings of this study contribute to research on foreign language (FL) writing by providing insights from pupils’ perspectives and may fill a gap in the field of FL writing, since there are not many studies based on pupils’ perceptions. The context in which this study took place, lower secondary level and EFL in Sweden, also makes an additional contribution to the field of FL writing.

Syftet med studien är att bidra till kunskap om elevers syn på vardagsanknytninginom matematikundervisningen i årskurserna 2 och 3. Metoden vi antog i studien ären kvalitativ ansats som har sin utgångspunkt i semistrukturerade personligaintervjuer. Studiens informanter är 14 elever som genomför sin grundskoleutbildningpå två olika skolor i Mellansverige. Kategorier som belyser vardagsanknutenmatematik har skapats och analyserats med utgångspunkt i studiens syfte,frågeställningar och pragmatisk lärandeteori. Det framkommer i resultatet attvardagsanknuten skolmatematik, fördelar med vardagsanknytning, nackdelar medvardagsanknytning, matematikens syfte och matematik i vardagslivet är väsentligaaspekter i elevernas syn på en vardagsanknuten matematikundervisning. I resultatetsynliggörs det att matematikundervisningens textuppgifter, muntliga exempel ochlekar till viss del inrymmer en koppling till elevernas vardagsliv. I resultatetframkommer det att eleverna är medvetna om kopplingen mellan deras vardagslivoch matematiken såväl som i undervisningens sammanhang som i ett vidareperspektiv utanför skolan. En vardagsanknuten matematikundervisning inrymmerpositiva såväl som negativa aspekter för elevers inlärningsförmåga. De positivaaspekterna beskrivs främja elevernas lustfyllda lärande och stödja derasinlärningsprocess medan de negativa aspekterna beskrivs hämma ettmatematiklärande. I studien drar vi slutsatsen att elevernas vardagsliv kan nyttjas ihögre grad än vad det beskrivs göras av lärarna i dagens matematikundervisning.Vidare drar vi slutsatsen att eleverna har en tvådelad mening kringvardagsanknytningen i skolans matematikundervisning. Vardagsanknytningenlämpar sig bättre för elever som besitter erfarenhet om matematik i vardagsnärasammanhang än elever som saknar erfarenheter eller besitter erfarenheter somskiljer sig från ämnesinnehållet. / The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge of pupils' views on an everyday connection in mathematics teaching in years 2 and 3. The method we used in the study is a qualitative approach based on semi-structured personal interviews. The study's informants are 14 pupils who are currently completing their primary school education at two different schools in Central Sweden. Categories that illustrate everyday mathematics have been created and analyzed based on the study's purpose, issues, and pragmatic learning theory. The results highlight that everyday school mathematics, advantages of everyday connection, disadvantages of everyday connection, the purpose of mathematics and mathematics in everyday life are essential aspects in pupils' views on an everyday mathematics teaching. The result shows that text assignments, verbal examples, and games in math lessons contain to a certain degree a connection to the pupils' everyday life. The results shows that the pupils are aware of the connection between their everyday life and mathematics as well as in the context of teaching and in a broader perspective outside school. An everyday-related mathematics lesson contains positive as well as negative aspects for pupils' learning ability. The positive aspects are described as promoting pupils' fun-filled learning and supporting their learning process, while the negative aspects are described as inhibiting mathematical learning. In the study, we consequently conclude that the pupils' everyday life can be used to a greater degree than what is described by the teachers in today's mathematics teaching. Furthermore, we conclude that the pupils have a two-part opinion about the everyday connection in the school's mathematics teaching. The everyday connection is better suited for pupils who have experience of mathematics in everyday contexts than pupils who lacks experience or have experience that differs from the subject content.

Darbe tyrimo objektu pasirinktus mokinių prosocialaus elgesio raišką bei reakcijas ir ketinimus elgtis nepasitenkinimą sukeliančiose situacijose buvo siekiama tikslo nustatyti mokinių prosocialaus elgesio raišką bei reakcijų ir ketinimų elgtis nepasitenkinimą sukeliančiose situacijoje ypatumus. Siekiant atsakyti į tyrimo tikslą, buvo keliami šie uždaviniai: nustatyti mokinių prosocialaus elgesio raišką lyties aspektu; nustatyti mokinių reakcijas ir ketinimus elgtis nepasitenkinimą sukeliančiose situacijose lyties aspektu; išsiaiškinti dalyvavimo popamokinėje veikloje sąsajas su mokinių prosocialiu elgesiu bei reakcijomis ir ketinimais elgtis nepasitenkinimą sukeliančiose situacijose; išsiaiškinti savijautos ir požiūrio į mokyklą sąsajas su mokinių prosocialiu elgesiu bei reakcijomis ir ketinimais elgtis nepasitenkinimą sukeliančiose situacijose. Tyrime buvo keliamos šios hipotezės: pirma, mergaitėms būdingesnis prosocialus elgesys nei berniukams, jos rečiau reaguotų agresyviai jų nepasitenkinimą sukeliančiose situacijose; antra, prosocialus elgesys būdingesnis dalyvaujantiems popamokinėje veikloje mokiniams ir trečia, popamokinėje veikloje dalyvaujantys mokiniai jų nepasitenkinimą sukeliančiose situacijose rečiau reaguotų agresyviai, negu nedalyvaujantys bendraamžiai. Tyrime dalyvavo 544 (289 mergaitės ir 255 berniukai) aštuntų – devintų klasių mokiniai parinkti taikant klasterinę atranką. Tiriant mokinius taikytas apklausos raštu metodas. Tyrimas parodė, kad mergaitėms... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the paper is the expression of pupils’ prosocial behaviour and their reactions to and intentions to behave in a certain way in discontent-provoking situations. The aim of choosing such an object is to define the expression of pupils’ prosocial behaviour and the characteristic features of their reactions to and intentions to behave in a certain way in discontent-provoking situations. In order to pursue the aim of research, the following objectives were set: to determine the expression of pupils’ prosocial behaviour on the aspect of gender; to outline pupils’ reactions to and their intentions to behave in a certain way in discontent-provoking situations on the aspect of gender; to find a correlation between the participation in after-school activities and pupils’ prosocial behaviour and their reactions to and intentions to behave in a certain way in discontent-provoking situations; to discover links between pupils’ feeling about school, their attitude to school and pupils’ prosocial behaviour and their reactions to and intentions to behave in a certain way in discontent-provoking situations. This research was focused on the following hypotheses: first, prosocial behaviour is more common in girls than in boys. Girls would rarely behave aggressively in discontent-provoking situations. Second, prosocial behaviour is more common in pupils participating in after-school activities. Third, pupils participating in after-school activities would behave aggressively in... [to full text]

Föreliggande systematiska litteraturstudie presenterar tidigare forskning om litteratursamtal och introverta elever. Syftet är att undersöka hur lärare kan genomföra litteratursamtal med introverta elever. Studien inkluderar 14 publikationer där doktorsavhandlingar, vetenskapliga artiklar och facklitteratur ingår. Mycket av forskningen utgår från det sociokulturella perspektivet. Materialet har bearbetats genom en innehållsanalys och kategoriserats efter tre teman; introverta elever, litteratursamtal samt strukturerade samtal med tystlåtna elever.  Studiens resultat visar att introverta elever ofta har en tystlåten framtoning. De har behov av en trygg lärmiljö med möjlighet till återhämtning. Introverta elever föredrar enskilt eller omsorgsfullt strukturerat arbete i mindre grupper. I och med införandet av läroplanen lgr 22 kommer strukturerade samtal, såsom litteratursamtal ges ett större utrymme i svenskundervisningen. Forskning visar att elever förhåller sig positiva till litteratursamtal. Det finns dock didaktiska fallgropar med litteratursamtal då de ibland används mer som förhör än som ett dialogiskt textsamtal. Forskningsresultat beträffande elevers lärande i samband med samtal går isär. Viss forskning menar att mindre verbalt aktiva elever löper en risk att klara sig sämre i skolan, medan annan forskning visar att muntligt deltagande inte nödvändigtvis måste vara en förutsättning för lärande.