Vid pågående och långvariga miljö- och hälsorisker är det viktigt att kommunicera med invånare kontinuerligt. Denna enkätstudie undersöker därför informationsbehovet hos invånare vid förorenade områden och hur det överensstämmer med myndigheternas syn på kommunikationen. Vidare undersöks oro och riskuppfattning hos invånarna samt hos kommunikatörerna på kommunerna och länsstyrelserna. Undersökningen görs med glasbruksområden som exempel då studier pekar på förorening vid och i närheten av dessa områden men risken för människors hälsa inte är helt fastställd. Resultatet visar att en stor andel av, både invånare och myndigheternas kommunikatörer, tror att det finns risk för och är oroliga för hälsa, miljö och kommande generationers hälsa i närheten av de förorenade områdena. Oron för att bo i närheten är inte lika stor som oron för hälsa och miljö. Både riskuppfattningen och oron är större för miljö än för hälsa. Av dem som bor närmre än 5 km från närmsta glasbruk vill 68 % ha mer information vilket är fler än bland dem som bor längre ifrån, 31%. Tidigare information har de flesta fått från lokala media. Helst vill invånarna kommunicera med kommunen, länsstyrelsen, Naturvårdsverket och till viss del även med lokala media. De som bor närmre än 5 km från ett glasbruk vill ha information via papperstidning, informationsmöten och brev. Detta överensstämmer inte helt med myndigheternas åsikt där kommunikation främst skett via hemsidan och där hemsida, informationsmöten och sociala media är de kommunikationsvägar myndigheterna vill använda. Kommunen, länsstyrelsen och Naturvårdsverket anses som ansvariga för kommunikationen och det är flest som litar på dessa aktörer. Sammantaget visar studien att kommunikationen hittills kan ses som bristfällig och att det behövs förbättrad kommunikation vid långvariga miljö- och hälsorisker. Det finns, i det specifika fallet, utrymme för att förbättra kommunikationen och förutsättningarna är goda om kommunicerande aktörer ser upp för fallgroparna. / At ongoing and long-term environmental- and health risks is it important to communicate with the inhabitants continuously. This study therefore uses a survey to investigate the need for information among inhabitants and how it aligns with the authorities view on the communication. Further, worry and risk perception is examined among inhabitants and the municipalities and the county administration. The study is done with glasswork areas as an example since earlier research indicate contamination on and near these areas but the risk for human health is not yet established. The result show that a substantial share, of both inhabitants and the authority’s employees, thinks there is risk for and is worried about health, environment, and future generations health at contaminated sites. The worry about living close by is not as big as the worry about health and environment. Both risk perception and worry are greater for the environment than for health. Of the inhabitants living closer than 5 km from nearest glasswork, 68% wants more information which is more than among the inhabitants living further away, 31%. Previous information has most people got from local media. The inhabitants prefer to communicate with the municipality, the county administration, and the Swedish EPA and to some extent even with local media. The ones living closer than 5 km from a glasswork want information through newspapers, briefings and letters. This is not fully consistent with what the authorities think, where communication mainly occurred through the website and the website, briefing and social media are the ways authorities want to use for communication. The municipality, county administration and the Swedish EPA considers as responsible for the communication and these authorities got most trust among the inhabitants. Altogether this study shows that the communication so far can be considered as inadequate and that there is a need for improved communication at long term environmental and health risks. There is, in the specific case, room to improve the communication and the conditions are good, if the communicating actors watch out for pitfalls.

A travers la présente thèse, nous nous intéressons à la prévention des accidents d’avalanche survenant à l’occasion de la pratique du hors-piste. Les jeunes pratiquants du hors-piste (15-30 ans) sont repérés comme les principales victimes des avalanches par les données statistiques de l’Association Nationale pour l’Etude de la Neige et des Avalanches. L’objectif principal de la présente thèse est de parvenir à une meilleure connaissance de ce public adepte de sports de glisse. Pour cela, nous proposons d’investiguer leurs habitudes et motivations de pratique du hors-piste, leurs perceptions des risques liés à cette pratique, les explications qu’ils donnent spontanément pour les accidents d’avalanche en hors-piste, ainsi que les comportements qu’ils adoptent en hors-piste et les critères qu’ils utilisent pour prendre la décision de sortir des pistes. Les données recueillies devraient contribuer à l’enrichissement des stratégies de prévention des accidents d’avalanche en hors-piste. Elles permettent de concevoir des stratégies et des messages ciblés et adaptés à cette population de jeunes pratiquants. En effet, les travaux sur la perception des risques (Kouabenan, 2006) et sur l’explication naïve des accidents (Kouabenan, 1999) suggèrent que si l’on souhaite que les individus adhèrent aux messages de prévention, il est nécessaire de connaître la façon dont ils appréhendent les risques, et pour ce qui nous concerne les risques en hors-piste, notamment le risque d’avalanche. Il importe aussi de connaître les causes qu’ils invoquent pour expliquer la production des accidents d’avalanche. Ce travail de thèse comprend quatre études dont la méthodologie repose sur deux questionnaires. L’élaboration des questionnaires s’appuie sur des entretiens préalables menés avec des pratiquants aux profils divers, et sur l’exploitation de la littérature sur les travaux empiriques empruntant le même cadre théorique ainsi que sur les rapports sur les accidents d’avalanche. Concernant les études 1, 2 et 4, nous avons interrogé 304 jeunes pratiquants de sports de glisse. Pour l’étude 4, nous avons questionné 238 pratiquants. Pour le recueil des données concernant les quatre études, nous avons rencontré les participants sur le terrain, dans des stations de sports d’hiver en Isère, en Savoie et en Haute-Savoie, ainsi que sur le campus universitaire et lors de manifestations sportives. Le recueil des données s’est fait par entretien en face à face avec le participant. / Through this thesis, we examine the avalanche accident prevention occurring in out-of-bounds (OB) practice. Young out-of-bounds practitioners (15-30 years-old) are identified as the core of avalanche victims. The main aim of this thesis is to get better knowledge about these boardsports enthusiasts. To do this, we suggest to investigate their habits and motivations relative to OB practice, their perception of the risks associated to this practice, the spontaneous explanations they give for avalanche accidents in OB, as well as the behaviours they adopt in OB, and the criteria they use to decide to go or not to go OB. The data collected would contribute to improve prevention strategies for avalanche accidents in OB, by targeting and adapting these strategies to young practitioners. Indeed, research on risk perception (Kouabenan, 2006) and naive causal explanations of accidents (Kouabenan, 1999) propose that if we want people to adhere to prevention messages, it is necessary to know the way they understand risks, for our case OB risks, particularly avalanche hazard. It is also essential to know the causes they invoke to explain avalanche accidents. This thesis work consists of four studies for which the methodology relies on two questionnaires. The questionnaires were carried out from preliminary interviews conducted with practitioners of varied profiles, and from literature and empirical works of the same theoretical framework, as well as accidents reports. Concerning the studies 1, 2 and 4, we interviewed 304 young boardsports practitioners. For study 3, we questioned 238 practitioners. For the data collect of the four studies, we met participants in the field, in winter sport resorts in Isère, Savoie and Haute-Savoie (France), as well as at the university campus and during sport events. Data collection was done with face-to-face interview with the participant.

Submitted by Roberta Lorenzon (roberta.lorenzon@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T16:58:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61090100022.pdf: 2791499 bytes, checksum: 473e39986e3a513cc19e8b8beab32010 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão(vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T16:59:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61090100022.pdf: 2791499 bytes, checksum: 473e39986e3a513cc19e8b8beab32010 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão(vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T16:59:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61090100022.pdf: 2791499 bytes, checksum: 473e39986e3a513cc19e8b8beab32010 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-25T17:31:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61090100022.pdf: 2791499 bytes, checksum: 473e39986e3a513cc19e8b8beab32010 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-10 / Hope is an important construct in marketing, once it is an antecedent of important marketing variables, such as trust, expectation and satisfaction (MacInnis & de Mello, 2005, Almeida, Mazzon & Botelho, 2007). Specifically, the literature suggests that hope can play an important influence on risk perception (Almeida, 2010, Almeida et al., 2007, Fleming, 2008, MacInnis & de Mello, 2005) and propensity to indebtedness (Fleming, 2008). Thus, this thesis aims to investigate the relations among hope, risk perception related to purchasing and consumption and propensity to indebtedness, by reviewing the existing literature and conducting two empirical researches. The first of them is a laboratory experiment, which accessed hope and risk perception of getting a mortgage loan. The second is a survey, investigating university students’ propensity to get indebted to pay for their university tuition, analyzed through the method of Structural Equations Modeling (SEM). These studies found that hope seems to play an important role on propensity to indebtedness, as higher levels of hope predicted an increase in the propensity to accept the mortgage loan, independent of actual risks, and an increase in the propensity of college students to get indebted to pay for their studies. In addition, the first study suggests that hope may lead to a decrease in risk perception, which, however, has not been confirmed by the second study. Finally, this research offers some methodological contributions, due to the fact that it is the first study using an experimental method to study hope in Brazil and, worldwide, it is the first study investigating the relation among hope, risk perception and propensity to indebtedness, which proved to be important influences in consumer behavior

La présente thèse envisage de cerner les comportements des Camerounais sur les routes.En l’occurrence, nous voulons savoir comment les croyances fatalistes, les croyances decontrôle, les croyances au contrôle divin, les croyances et valeurs culturelles, l’explicationnaïve des accidents et la perception du risque peuvent affecter les comportements des usagerset agents du trafic routier au Cameroun. Cinq études sont réalisées dans le cadre de notrethèse. La première étude examine 522 procès-verbaux d’accidents réels et montre qu’unegrande majorité des accidents surviennent dans de bonnes conditions de conduite. De plus, lesconducteurs se rejettent mutuellement la faute, mais s’accordent avec les gendarmes pour direque le comportement des conducteurs est la première cause des accidents de la route auCameroun. Une deuxième étude évalue la variation des comportements en fonction des explicationscausales et des croyances, sur un échantillon de 525 participants. On observe que lesparticipants présentent davantage des comportements sécuritaires lorsqu’ils expliquent lesaccidents par le comportement des conducteurs, mais leurs comportements tendent à êtremoins sécuritaires lorsqu’ils expliquent ceux-ci par des causes externes non contrôlables. Lesexplications causales tendent à être externes aux conducteurs lorsque les participants sontfatalistes, croient qu’ils peuvent affronter les situations de trafic dangereuses sans en êtreinquiété, croient que Dieu contrôle les situations dangereuses auxquelles ils peuvent faire faceou lorsqu’ils adhèrent fortement aux croyances et valeurs culturelles. En particulier, lescroyances et valeurs culturelles qui sont supposées protéger la vie, les croyances fatalistes etles croyances au contrôle divin se distinguent par leur capacité à favoriser l’explication desaccidents par des forces invisibles et à induire des comportements insécuritaires. Enfin, le rôlemédiateur des explications causales se révèlent pour toutes les croyances.A partir d’une quasi-expérimentation réalisée auprès de 444 participants, l’étude 3analyse la variation des explications causales et de l’attitude vis-à-vis des mesures deprévention, en fonction de la pertinence situationnelle, de la pertinence personnelle et de lagravité de l’accident. On observe que les participants ont tendance à fournir des explicationscausales défensives d’autant plus que la situation accidentelle leur est pertinente, qu’ilss’identifient à la victime et que l’accident est grave. De plus ils ont une préférence pour desmesures de prévention orientées vers les conducteurs lorsqu’ils expliquent les accidents par lecomportement de ces derniers. L’étude 4 montre une tendance à adopter des comportements moins sécuritaires lorsque les participants sous-estiment le risque routier. En outre, ces derniers ont tendance à sousestimer le risque lorsqu’ils sont fatalistes alors qu’ils ont davantage peur du risque lorsqu’ils sont attachés à leur identité culturelle. Enfin, les participants ont tendance à se croire capables d’affronter le risque routier sans en être inquiété lorsqu’ils croient que Dieu contrôle lessituations dangereuses ou lorsqu’ils croient aux pratiques culturelles supposées protéger lavie. Dans l’étude 5, on montre que les participants ont tendance à adopter descomportements davantage sécuritaires lorsqu’ils ont une perception élevée du risque etexpliquent les accidents par des causes contrôlables. Par contre, ils se montrent plutôtimprudents sur les routes lorsqu’ils ont une perception élevée du risque et croient que lesaccidents sont causés par des forces invisibles. Les résultats vont dans le sens des travaux antérieurs et sont discutés en rapport avec les connaissances théoriques. Enfin, des suggestions encouragent une prévention fondée sur les croyances de la population cible. / This thesis intends to examine Cameroonians behaviors on the roads. Our objective is toknow how fatalistic beliefs, control beliefs, divine control beliefs, cultural beliefs and values,naive explanation of accidents and risk perception can affect road users and traffic agents’behaviors. Five studies are carried out within the framework of our thesis. The first study examined 522 actual accidents reports and shows that a large majority of accidents occur in good driving conditions. In addition, drivers accused each other of wrongdoing, but agree with the gendarmes that, drivers’ behavior is the main cause of trafic accidents in Cameroon. A second study evaluates the variability of behaviors according to the causal explanations and beliefs, on a sample of 525 participants. It is shown that, participants adopt safer behaviors when they explain accidents by drivers’ behavior, but their behavior tend to be less safe when they explain accidents by external and uncontrollable causes. Causal explanations tend to be external to drivers when participants are fatalists, believe they can face dangerous traffic situations without being worried, believe that God is in control of dangerous situations that they may faced or when they adhere strongly to cultural beliefs and values. In particular, cultural beliefs and values that are supposed to protect the life, fatalistic beliefs, divine control beliefs tend to promote the explanation of accidents in terms ofinvisible forces and induce unsafe behaviors. Finally, the mediating role of causalexplanations is confirmed on all the beliefs. From a quasi-experiment conducted with 444 participants, the third study analyzes the variation of the causal explanations and attitude towards prevention measures, according to the situational relevance, personal relevance, and the severity of the accident. It is shown that participants tend to provide defensive causal explanations especially when the accident situation is relevant to them, they identify themselves to the victim and when the accident is serious. In addition they prefer drivers-oriented preventive measures when they explainaccidents by the drivers’ behaviors. Study 4 shows a tendency to adopt unsafe behaviors when participants underestimate traffic risk. Moreover, they tend to underestimate the traffic risk when they are fatalistic, but they fear risk when they are attached to their cultural identity. Finally, participants tend to believe that they can face traffic risk without being worried when they believe that God controls dangerous situations, or when they believe on cultural practices intended to protect life. In Study 5, we show that participants tend to adopt safer behaviors when they feartraffic risk and explain accidents by controllable causes. They are rather careless on the roadswhen they fear risk but believe that accidents are caused by invisible forces. The results are consistent with previous studies and are discussed in relation to the theoretical knowledge. Finally, suggestions encourage preventive measures based on the beliefs of the target population.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T13:12:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 3450185 bytes, checksum: 8fe4fa978aaf8a9aaf8b7cf7cc1fa06b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T13:12:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 3450185 bytes, checksum: 8fe4fa978aaf8a9aaf8b7cf7cc1fa06b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-09 / This dissertation deals with the everyday life and health practices of professionals of hospital complex of Infecto-Contagious Diseases Dr. Clementino Fraga of the city of João Pessoa-PB. Aimed to unravel: what health services offered by this institution; as health professionals deal with the management of risks facing the work situations with stigmatized diseases like Aids; analyze the types of interactions among professionals/professionals/professionals and users seeking to understand how the notion of risk applies in those relationships and, as health workers build the field of experience and living in an institution that demands procedures that can lead to contamination by the HIV virus. Field research resulted in Ethnography of routine and the dynamics of the service performed from a prolonged investigation into processes connected to attendances users with HIV/Aids in the ambulatory sector. The fieldwork was possible to observe the therapeutic itinerary of people with HIV within the institution, as well as risk perceptions of professionals in relation to its work. The information revealed that there is some dilution of risk perception when the institution and services performed become perceived as familiar to professionals, having as a counterpoint to this reality the figure of the "new professional" for which everything is unknown and dangerous. I realized that in the context in the tariff area of familiarity and the unknown affects not only the perception of the risks, but the way the professionals interact and use their tools in everyday life. In turn, field experience has shown that risk perceptions are built daily at health services, buoyed both by mastery of technique and experience, as well as for interaction with users. Finally, the information revealed that when there is a limit situation of an accident at work, the professionals trigger some sort of risk assessment based, on the one hand, a reflection on the real possibilities of contamination and, on the other, a moral judgment about users from an analysis of his "social behavior". / Esta dissertação aborda o cotidiano e as práticas de saúde de profissionais do Complexo Hospitalar de Doenças Infectocontagiosas Dr. Clementino Fraga da cidade de João Pessoa – PB. Teve como objetivo desvendar: quais os serviços de saúde oferecidos por esta instituição; como os profissionais da saúde lidam com a gestão dos riscos frente às situações de trabalho com doenças estigmatizadas como Aids; analisar os tipos de interações entre profissionais/profissionais e profissionais/usuários buscando compreender como a noção do risco se aplica nessas relações e, como os profissionais da saúde constroem o domínio da experiência e convívio numa instituição que demanda procedimentos que podem levar a contaminação pelo vírus HIV. A pesquisa de campo resultou numa etnografia da rotina e das dinâmicas do serviço realizada a partir de uma prolongada investigação sobre processos ligados aos atendimentos aos usuários com HIV/Aids no setor ambulatorial. No trabalho de campo foi possível observar o itinerário terapêutico dos usuários portadores do vírus HIV dentro da instituição, assim como as percepções de riscos dos profissionais em relação ao seu trabalho. As informações revelaram que há certa diluição da percepção de risco quando a instituição e os atendimentos realizados passam a ser percebidos como familiar aos profissionais, tendo como contraponto a esta realidade a figura do “profissional novo” para o qual tudo é desconhecido e perigoso. Percebi que no contexto em pauta o domínio da familiaridade e do desconhecido afeta não só a percepção dos riscos, mas a forma como os profissionais interagem e utilizam seus instrumentos de trabalho no cotidiano. Por sua vez, a experiência de campo demonstrou que as percepções de riscos são construídas cotidianamente nos serviços de saúde, balizadas tanto pelo domínio da técnica e da experiência, assim como pela interação com os usuários. Por fim, as informações revelaram que quando há uma situação limite de acidente de trabalho, os profissionais acionam uma espécie de avaliação dos riscos baseada, por um lado, numa reflexão sobre as reais possibilidades de contaminação e, por outro, num julgamento moral sobre os usuários a partir de uma análise sobre o seu “comportamento social”.

More than 1 billion people in developing countries lack access to safe water and sanitation. Drinking water in these countries is often collected from unsafe sources outside the home. Even piped well water in the developing world can be unsafe due to inadequately maintained pipes, low pressure, intermittent delivery, lack of chlorination, and clandestine connections. Furthermore, drinking water often becomes contaminated after collection, either during transport or during storage in the home. Improvements in water supply, hygiene education and safe storage can reduce the spread of waterborne diseases, such as diarrhoea. However it is not an easy task to combat unsafe drinking water, and several factors have to be taken into account. Correct management of water at the household level is a vital factor in reducing contamination of water in areas where water is not available in the home, and often has to be transported for long distances before storage. It is often a woman's responsibility to collect and store water. The aim of this study is to provide an understanding of women’s knowledge and perceptions of the risks associated with drinking water and waterborne diseases in Babati, Tanzania. Furthermore, the study sets out to investigate the methods utilized at the household-level to prevent waterborne diseases. Interviews were the key method to collecting primary data and the results present findings from 20 women in two villages in Babati. All of the respondents had access to community water pipes but none had taps in their household. Among the respondents who treated their water, the most common method of treatment was boiling. The study shows that there is a link between lived experience, perceptions of risk, and the way water is managed in the household.

O deslocamento dos indivíduos e a maior exposição da população a alimentos destinados ao pronto consumo em serviços de alimentação e vias públicas contribuem para a incidência de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTA). Nesse contexto é imprescindível conhecer as estratégias utilizadas em unidades produtoras de refeições vinculadas ao turismo para minimizar os riscos de contaminação dos alimentos. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivos: caracterizar os sistemas de gestão da qualidade e segurança de alimentos, identificar o nível de adequação das condições higiênicosanitárias, caracterizar os recursos humanos e avaliar a percepção de risco dos agentes envolvidos sobre segurança dos alimentos nos serviços de alimentação de meios de hospedagem. A pesquisa foi conduzida em unidades produtoras de refeições de hotéis e pousadas, em região do estado de São Paulo, composta por dois municípios, A e B, considerados estâncias turísticas. Concordaram em participar da pesquisa 19 estabelecimentos da região, sendo 72,3% hotéis e 16,6% pousadas pertencentes ao município A e 85,7% e 35,7% da mesma tipologia do município B. Um roteiro de entrevista foi aplicado aos gestores das unidades para caracterizar as empresas quanto aos aspectos organizacionais, adequação aos atos normativos vigentes, recursos humanos e o Sistema de Gestão da Segurança dos Alimentos. Um questionário foi empregado para avaliação da percepção de risco dos manipuladores (n=108) sobre questões de segurança dos alimentos e os dados obtidos, analisados a partir de uma escala estruturada com valores variando de 1\"nenhum risco\" a 7 \"risco muito alto\". Uma escala de desejabilidade social foi aplicada para reduzir vieses de medição. A avaliação das condições higiênico-sanitárias dos estabelecimentos foi realizada com base nos laudos de inspeção dos setores de vigilância sanitária dos municípios e na classificação proposta pelo órgão fiscalizador competente. Construiu-se os bancos de dados com o emprego de software SPSS, 2013, análises descritivas foram realizadas e testes não paramétricos utilizados para a comparação de médias e correlações ao nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados evidenciaram que embora todas as empresas fossem licenciadas pelos órgãos competentes a adoção de Sistema de Gestão da Segurança dos Alimentos ou iniciativas nesta direção, eram mais frequentes nas empresas de maior porte e capacidade de produção, que também possuíam os gestores mais qualificados e com maior conhecimento sobre o assunto e estratégias para promoção da qualidade. Os resultados insatisfatórios das condições higiênico-sanitárias constatados nas inspeções das empresas menores podem ser justificados pelo inadequado critério de seleção, programa de capacitação e avaliação de desempenho deficiente dos funcionários. Os menores níveis de risco percebidos pelos manipuladores de alimentos sobre aspectos que representam entraves para a segurança do alimento reforçaram a falta de conhecimento e conscientização sobre o assunto. Recomenda-se a atuação mais efetiva da fiscalização sanitária uma vez que a implantação, no mínimo das Boas Práticas, é obrigatória para este segmento e que seja adotada pelas empresas uma política de recursos humanos voltada para atender aos anseios dos funcionários, visando motivá-los para o desenvolvimento de serviços de qualidade, produção de alimentos seguros e minimizar os problemas funcionais enfrentados pelos gestores. / The displacement of individuals and the greater exposure of the population to ready-toeat foods and foods offered at street stands contribute to the incidence of Foodborne Diseases (FBD). In this context, strategies used in food services linked to tourism meals are essential to minimize the risk of food contamination. This study aimed to characterize the systems of quality management and food safety, to identify the adequacy of sanitary conditions, to characterize the human resources and to evaluate the risk perception of people involved in food safety in the hosting sector. The study was conducted in food services of hotels and hostels, São Paulo State, in two municipalities, A and B, considered tourist resorts. Nineteen establishments were investigated in this research, encompassing 72.3% hotels and 16.6% hostels from municipality A, and 85.7% and 35.7% in municipality B. A questionnaire was applied to managers of the businesses to characterize the companies in terms of organizational aspects, compliance to current legislation, human resources and the Management System of Food Safety. One questionnaire was used to evaluate of risk perception of food handlers (n=108) about food safety. For the questionnaire analysis, a scale 1 \"no risk\" and 7 \"very high risk\" was defined. A scale of social desirability was applied to reduce bias of measurements. The hygienic and sanitary conditions of the establishments were evaluated based on inspection reports of health surveillance of municipalities and on the classification proposed by competent sectors. Databases were performed using the SPSS software, 2013, besides descriptive analyses and non-parametric tests were used to compare means and correlations at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that although all companies were licensed by the competent sectors, the adoption of the Food Safety Management System or some initiatives in this direction were more common in large enterprises with greater production capacity. These establishments had the most qualified managers with greater knowledge on the subject, promoting quality strategies. The unsatisfactory sanitary conditions results in the small companies may be justified by the inappropriate selection criteria, lack of training and deficient program to evaluate employee performance. The low levels of risk perception by food handlers regarding aspects that are barriers to food security reinforced the lack of knowledge and awareness on the subject. A more effective action of sanitary inspection is recommended once the implementation of good practices is mandatory for this segment and it is a policy adopted by companies to meet the needs of employees, aiming to motivate them to improve quality and safety of food production and to minimize functional problems faced by business managers.

Orientador: Eduardo José Marandola Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T16:20:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_FrancineModestodos_M.pdf: 5379592 bytes, checksum: 63224b142c729197aa72da030172e089 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Riscos tecnológicos e vulnerabilidade são aspectos importantes da análise do processo de urbanização e industrialização do município de São Sebastião, Litoral Norte de São Paulo. O presente estudo analisa como as características sociodemográficas das populações em situação de risco tecnológico na região central de São Sebastião podem ajudar no enfrentamento dos perigos ligados ao maior terminal aquaviário da Petrobras localizado no centro do município, espremido entre a linha da costa e a Serra do Mar. O estudo sociodemográfico a partir de 1970 até 2010, examina as transformações estruturais que ocorreram no município de São Sebastião, após profundas mudanças econômicas, sociais e ambientais com o advento de grandes empreendimentos, como a instalação no início da década de 1960 do Terminal Marítimo Almirante Barroso (TEBAR), pertencente à Petrobras, e a construção da Rodovia Rio-Santos na década de 1970. Analisa quais os perigos relacionados às atividades do TEBAR e quais populações estão em situação de risco tecnológico. A partir da Demografia de pequenas áreas (ou microdemografia), realizou-se trabalhos de campo e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com moradores em domicílios das áreas de risco no entorno do TEBAR: os bairros Vila Amélia, Topolândia e Porto Grande, buscando compreender a percepção que as populações residentes nesses bairros têm dos riscos e quais estratégias podem mobilizar para enfrentar os perigos, elementos que permitem analisar a vulnerabilidade do lugar do ponto de vista demográfico / Abstract: Technological hazards and vulnerability are important assets for the analysis of the urbanization and industrialization process of São Sebastião town, at São Paulo's State North Coast. This current study examines how São Sebastião downtown population in situation of technological hazards with its socio-demographic characteristics , can help to deal with risks related to Petrobras' biggest waterway terminal, once said that this terminal is also located downtown, squeezed between the line coast and the Serra do Mar. The demographic study covering from 1970 to 2010, analyzes structural transformations, occurred after deep economic, social and environmental changes in São Sebastião. Those changes are due to the advent of big enterprises, such as the installation of the Maritime Terminal Almirante Barroso (TEBAR), owned by Petrobras, at the beginning of the 1960's, and the construction of Rio-Santos highway in the 1970's. It also analyzes risks related to TEBAR activities, and what population is under technological hazards. Adopting Micro-Demography, fieldwork and semi-structured interviews were carried out at the risk area with the households and its residents surrounding TEBAR in Vila Amélia, Topolândia, and Porto Grande neighborhoods. The intent was to comprehend the risks perception they have and which are the strategies that households and residents may mobilize to face the risks, both, elements that allow the analysis of the place vulnerability from the demographic point of view / Mestrado / Demografia, População e Ambiente / Mestre em Demografia

Orientador: Marcos Cesar Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T07:36:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yoshida_TatianaPagotto_M.pdf: 58015263 bytes, checksum: 96f52176baf6c36a5d7b8104991ed1fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A mineração constitui-se em importante indústria para países em desenvolvimento. Os minerais utilizados na indústria da construção civil, tais como a pedra britada, destacam-se por sua grande demanda, devido à crescente urbanização. No entanto, a coexistência desse tipo de mineração com os meios social, físico e biótico não tem sido pacífica, pois se situam geralmente nas proximidades dos centros urbanos, por causa do baixo valor agregado desse tipo de matéria prima. Nesses locais, muitas vezes, residem comunidades preocupadas com a poluição gerada por esse tipo de atividade. Com isso, a disponibilidade de jazidas nos centros urbanos está reduzindo, principalmente pela falta de planejamento no crescimento das cidades, competição com usos do solo e maiores exigências ambientais. No município de Jaguariúna, SP, ocorre um conflito entre uma pedreira de rochas para brita, um bairro residencial vizinho e instituições públicas. Os moradores desse loteamento incomodam-se com a atividade do empreendimento, apesar de hoje em dia operar adequadamente e buscar se enquadrar na legislação ambiental. Utilizando teorias da percepção ambiental e um modelo conceitual que permite a análise integrada entre os sistemas ecológicos e sociais, para compreender a interação desses em ambiente urbano, o conflito foi estudado, verificando como a população do bairro percebe o empreendimento, os impactos gerados por ele e a atuação das autoridades competentes com relação à problemática. Verificou-se que a população possui preconceito com relação à atividade minerária, pelo histórico de má operação da pedreira e também pela falta de envolvimento desta com comunidade. Além disso, verificou-se que os habitantes possuem julgamentos errôneos relacionados aos impactos provocados pela pedreira, revelando falta de informação sobre a atividade de extração de rocha para brita. Outro fato importante foi a observação de que a população é muito pouco informada sobre que órgãos ambientais recorrer para reclamar contra o empreendimento, já que a maior parte das reclamações foi ou seria dirigida à prefeitura municipal e não à CETESB. Por fim, após a identificação de todos os atores envolvidos na problemática e de suas parcelas de responsabilidade no conflito, o modelo conceitual foi aplicado para uma melhor identificação de como as variáveis interagem entre si, possibilitando visualizar mais claramente soluções e propostas de ação por parte desses atores envolvidos / Abstract: Mining is an important industry for developing countries. Minerals used in the construction industry, such as crushed rock, stand out because of their great demand, due to the increasing urbanization. Nevertheless, the coexistence of this kind of mining with the social, physical and biological media has not been peaceful, as they are generally located in the neighbourhood of urban centres, due to their low aggregate value. In these locations, there are frequently communities worried about the pollution generated. Therefore, the availability of mineral deposits in urban centres is reducing, due mainly to the lack of planning of the urban growth, competition with other uses land uses and greater environmental requirements. In Jaguariúna, SP, there is a conflict among a quarry, a residential neighbourhood and public institutions. Inhabitants of this neighbourhood are disturbed by the company's activities, despite the fact that the quarry is trying to operate adequately and to adjust itself to the environmental laws. Using theories of environmental perception and a conceptual model that allows an integrate analysis of the social and ecological systems, to comprehend their interaction in the urban environment, the conflict was studied by verifying how the surrounding population perceives the company, its impacts and the attitudes of the authorities towards the problem. It was found that the population has preconception in relation to the mining activity, originated by the past of wrong operation of the quarry and by the lack of its involvement with the community. Apart from that, it was checked that the inhabitants have erroneous judgements related to the impacts provoked by the quarry, which reveals a lack of information about the activity of crushed rock extraction. Another important fact was the observation that people are poorly informed about which environmental public institutions they should contact to complain about the company, as the majority of the complaints was or would be directed to the city hall, not to CETESB. At last, after pointing out the actors involved in the problem and their responsibilities, the conceptual model was applied, for a better identification of how the variables interact between each other, allowing a clearer visualization of the solutions and proposals of actions for these actors / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

A literatura acadêmica sobre o comportamento do investidor financeiro é bastante escassa. A pesquisa sobre o processo de decisão, em geral, aborda tradeoffs na aquisição de produtos e pouco se discute o processo de decisão de investimento. Esta tese pretende contribuir para a redução deste gap ao discutir fatores determinantes para a tomada de decisão do investidor pessoal em produtos financeiros. A decisão de investimento é complexa, envolve, entre outros, o tradeoff entre renunciar o consumo presente pela possibilidade de maior bem estar no futuro. Adicionalmente, em muitas situações, existe possibilidade real de perda dos recursos financeiros investidos. Para investigar os percursos desta decisão foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com executivos ligados ao setor de fundos de investimento e ao de distribuição de produtos de investimento dos maiores bancos brasileiros atuantes no segmento de varejo. Os conhecimentos recolhidos e a revisão de literatura efetuada subsidiaram a elaboração do questionário de pesquisa aplicado em plataforma web junto a potenciais investidores. Os atributos rentabilidade, possibilidade de perda (proxy de risco), liquidez, taxa de administração e recomendação do gerente foram identificados como os mais relevantes para a decisão do investidor. Para construção dos estímulos e decomposição da utilidade da decisão foi utilizada a técnica conjoint based choice (CBC) que simula uma decisão real. Os resultados apontaram ser a recomendação do gerente o atributo mais importante para a formação da preferência por uma alternativa de investimento, resultado que, por si só, indica que fatores não racionais exercem influência na decisão. Estudou-se, então, o impacto da aversão ao risco e do estilo cognitivo do investidor. Os resultados denotam que os mais avessos e os mais intuitivos são mais suscetíveis à recomendação do gerente, mas que seus efeitos são independentes entre si. As evidências sugerem que os mais intuitivos utilizam o gerente para alcançar conforto cognitivo na decisão e que os mais avessos para mitigar a sensação de risco associada ao produto. Uma análise de cluster indicou ser possível segmentar a amostra em dois grupos, um mais propenso à recomendação do gerente e outro aos atributos do produto. A recomendação do gerente mostrou ser o atributo mais forte na distinção dos grupos. Os resultados indicam que uma segmentação de mercado baseada na propensão à recomendação do gerente pode ser efetiva para direcionar a construção de uma estratégia de relacionamento que busque incrementar os resultados de longo prazo. / The academic literature on the financial investor behavior is rather scarce. Research on decision generally discusses tradeoffs when purchasing products and little is discussed the investment decision process. This thesis aims to contribute to the reduction of this gap when discussing determining factors for decision making personnel investor in financial products. The investment decision is complex, involving, among others, the tradeoff between forgo present consumption by the possibility of greater well-being in the future. Additionally, in many situations, there is real possibility of loss of funds invested. To investigate the pathways of this decision were conducted in-depth interviews with executives linked to the investment fund industry and the distribution of investment products of the largest Brazilian banks operating in the retail segment. The collected knowledge and performed literature review supported the development of the survey questionnaire applied to web platform to potential investors. Attributes profitability, possible loss (risk proxy), liquidity, management fees and manager\'s recommendation have been identified as the most relevant for the investor\'s decision. Construction of stimuli and decomposition of the decision utility was based on the technique named conjoint based choice (CBC) that simulates a real decision. The results showed to be the manager\'s recommendation the most important attribute for the formation of preference for an alternative investment, a result which, in itself, indicates that non-rational factors influence the decision. It was studied, then the impact of risk aversion and investor cognitive style. The results show that the more averse and more intuitive are more susceptible to the manager\'s recommendation but their effects are independent of each other. Evidence suggests that the most intuitive use the manager to achieve cognitive comfort in the decision and the most averse to mitigate the feeling of risk associated with the product. A cluster analysis indicated to be possible to segment the sample into two groups, one more prone to the manager\'s recommendation and the other more prone to product attributes. The manager\'s recommendation proved to be the strongest attribute distinguishing the groups. The results indicate that a segmentation of the market based on the propensity to manager\'s recommendation can be effective to direct the building of a relationship strategy that seeks to increase the long-term results