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Showing 61 to 69 of 69 (0.202 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"epresentation information"" "subject:"arepresentation information""
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From Shape to Function: Acquisition of Teleological Models from Design Drawings by Compositional AnalogyYaner, Patrick William 18 October 2007 (has links)
Visual media are of great importance to designers. Understanding a new design, for example, often means understanding a drawing. From the perspective of artificial intelligence, this implies that automated knowledge acquisition in computer-aided design can productively occur using drawings as a knowledge source. However, this requires machines that are able to interpret design drawings.
I view the task of interpreting drawings as one of constructing a teleological model of the design depicted in the drawings, where the model enables causal and functional inferences about the depicted design. I have developed a novel analogical method for constructing a teleological model of a mechanical device from an unlabelled 2D line drawing. The source case is organized in a Drawing Shape Structure Behavior Function (DSSBF) abstraction hierarchy. This knowledge
organization enables the analogical mapping and transfer to occur at multiple levels of abstraction.
Given a target drawing and a relevant source case, my method of compositional analogy first constructs a graphical representation of the lines and the intersections in the target drawing, then uses the mappings at the level of line intersections to transfer the shape representations from the source case to the target. It next uses the mappings at the level of shapes to transfer the structural model of the device from the source to the target. Finally, the mappings from the source to the target structural model enable the transfer of behaviors and the functional specification from source to target, completing the analogy and yielding a complete DSSBF model of the input drawing. The Archytas system implements this method of compositional analogy and evaluates it in the domain of kinematic devices such as piston and crankshaft devices, door latches, and pulley systems.
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Sistema especialista baseado em modelo ontológico para apoio ao projeto detalhado de produtos no contexto de máquinas agrícolas / Expert system based on ontological model to support the detailed project of products in the context of agricultural mechinerySchmidt, Juliana 10 August 2017 (has links)
Uma grande quantidade de informações de projeto, provenientes de diferentes áreas, tornou-se comum na maioria das organizações. Nessas condições, há dificuldades no compartilhamento e reutilização de conhecimento, especialmente pelo fato de que este conhecimento está disponível dentro da empresa em diferentes formatos e em diferentes locais. Devido a isso, os engenheiros de projeto muitas vezes não conseguem utilizar essas informações. Assim, é importante que as empresas possam organizar e integrar o conhecimento disponível de forma colaborativa, a fim de garantir seu melhor aproveitamento. Nesse contexto, a abordagem chamada Engenharia Baseada em Conhecimento (KBE) pode ser associada. Através de conceitos KBE, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo desenvolver um sistema especialista baseado em um modelo de ontologia, que permita o armazenamento e fornecimento de informações úteis no momento certo do desenvolvimento de produtos. Tal solução deve atender às necessidades de seus usuários (i.e. projetistas), bem como melhorar a qualidade de atividades de projeto ao longo do Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produto (PDP). Para este estudo os seguintes passos foram adotados: (a) a delimitação do escopo de ação (i.e. etapas do PDP a serem definidas como foco); (b) captura do conhecimento; (c) normalização; (d) estruturação do conhecimento através de ontologias; (e) elaboração de buscas; e (f) avaliação de desempenho da solução. A presente proposta tem como finalidade facilitar o acesso à informações, reduzir o aparecimento de falhas ao longo do PDP, bem como permitir que o conhecimento adquirido possa ser utilizado em projetos subsequentes (e.g. lições aprendidas). / The large amount of available design information from different areas has become common in most organizations. Under these conditions, there are difficulties in sharing and reusing knowledge, especially by the fact that this knowledge is available within the company in different formats and locations. Due to this, design engineers often fail to use such information. To ensure a better use, it is important to organize and integrate the available knowledge in a collaborative manner. In this context, the Knowledge-based Engineering (KBE) approach can be associated. Through KBE concepts, the current study aims to develop an expert system based on an ontology model for assisting decision making, by storing and providing useful information in a timely manner. Such solution should meet the needs of its users (i.e. designers), as well as improve the quality of design activities along the Product Development Process (PDP). For this study, the following steps have been adopted: (a) delimitation of action scope (i.e. steps of PDP to be focused); (b) knowledge capture; (c) standardization; (d) knowledge structuring through ontologies; (e) building of queries; (f) evaluation of solution performance. The application of the present proposal aims to facilitate the access to information, significantly reduce the appearance of failures along the PDP, as well as allow acquired knowledge to be used in subsequent projects (e.g. lessons learned).
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Representação multiparadigma de conhecimento musical utilizando programação lógica indutiva / A muli-paradigma approach for music knowledge representation using inductive logic programmingGonçalves Junior, Clenio Batista 06 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-17T14:08:43Z
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Previous issue date: 2017-02-06 / Não recebi financiamento / Knowledge representation process is an essential matter regarding Computer Music systems. Methods have been applied in order to provide computers with the capability to generate conclusions based on experience in specialized domains. Inductive Logic Programming is a research field which combines concepts of Logic Programming and Machine Learning. Due to its declarative feature, both acquired and produced knowledge can be presented to not-expert users in a naturally understandable way. This work deals with Music Knowledge Representation from the perspective of multi- paradigm programming, using Inductive Logic Programming technique and including the development of the knowledge-based music system Fraseado. Finally, a method for the evaluation of algorithmic composition systems - the Expanded Turing Test - is presented. / O processo de representação de conhecimento em Computação Musical constitui um elemento essencial para o desenvolvimento de sistemas. Métodos têm sido aplicados visando fornecer ao computador a capacidade de inferir informações a partir da experiência e definições previamente estabelecidas. Neste sentido, a Programação Lógica Indutiva apresenta-se como um crescente campo de pesquisa que incorpora conceitos de Programação em Lógica e Aprendizado de Máquina. O presente trabalho aborda a Representação de Conhecimento Musical sob a ótica da programação multiparadigma, com uso da técnica de Programação Lógica Indutiva. Inclui o desenvolvimento do sistema musical baseado em conhecimento Fraseado. Por fim é apresentado um método para avaliação de sistemas de composição algorítmica - o Teste de Turing Expandido.
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Proposta de categorização dos ex-votos do casarão : o museu vivo do Padre Cícero em Juazeiro do Norte-CE.Brito, Carla Façanha de 13 February 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The genesis of the extension ex-votos dating back to Greek and Roman people and brings in
its semantic recognition of faith as embodied in the pieces that symbolize an received grace,
or to be achieved, or asking for protection, being it related to healing of a disease or
something else. The ex-votos can take a wide variety of forms: replicas of body parts,
pictures, photos, clothing etc., deposited in churches, chapels or sacred museums. In Juazeiro
do Norte-CE, the Living Museum of Father Cicero, popularly known as Big House , has a
rich collection of ex-votos, becoming a space heritage, that represents the cultural and
religious memory references. This study is characterized as a qualitative, descriptive, based on
the content analysis, in symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology, with the following
research problems: what types of ex-votos can be found in the Living Museum of Father
Cicero Juazeiro do Norte-CE? How to enforce a categorization model that enables the
establish the memory of the museum's collection, which makes possible the treatment, the
organization, representation, access, and retrieval of information expressed in votive offerings
deposited there, taking into account the wealth and diversity of these pieces? The purpose of
this study was to: analyze the discourse imaging of the Living Museum of Father Cicero of
Juazeiro do Norte-CE, represented by its ex-votos, for the preparation of a model of
categorization based on the Aristotelian categorization, for an indexal representation. The
results of this study show that in this museum there are several categories of ex-votos that
need to be arranged from the Information Science view and the use of the Aristotelian
categories as a musicological terminology may bring contributions to the effective
information retrieval in museum space. / A gênese da extensão ex-votos remonta aos povos gregos e romanos e traz em sua semântica
o reconhecimento de fé, sendo materializado nas peças que simbolizam o agradecimento de
uma graça alcançada, a ser alcançada, ou pedido de proteção, seja ele referente à cura de uma
doença ou outra coisa. Os ex-votos podem se apresentar de formas diversas: réplicas de partes
do corpo, quadros, fotos, vestimentas etc., colocados nas igrejas, capelas ou em museus
sacros. Em Juazeiro do Norte, o Museu Vivo do Padre Cícero, conhecido popularmente como
Casarão, é constituído por um rico acervo de ex-votos, tornando-se um espaço de patrimônio,
representando referências da memória cultural e religiosa. O estudo em foco caracteriza-se
como pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza descritiva, apoiado na análise de conteúdo, no
interacionismo simbólico e na etnometodologia, tendo os seguintes problemas de pesquisa:
quais os tipos de ex-votos encontrados no Museu Vivo do Padre Cícero em Juazeiro do Norte-
CE? Como efetivar um modelo de categorização que possibilite estabelecer a memória do
acervo desse museu, que viabilize o tratamento, a organização, a representação, o acesso, e a
recuperação da informação expressados nos ex-votos ali depositados, levando-se em conta a
riqueza e diversidade dessas peças? O objetivo geral foi: analisar o discurso imagético do
acervo do Museu Vivo do Padre Cícero em Juazeiro do Norte-CE, representado na figura dos
ex-votos, na perspectiva de elaboração de um modelo de categorização baseado na
categorização aristotélica, visando à representação indexal. Os resultados demonstram que
nesse museu existem várias categorias de peças ex-votivas que precisam ser organizadas
conforme as ferramentas do campo da Ciência da Informação e que a aplicabilidade das
categorias aristotélicas apoiada no uso de uma terminologia musicológica poderá trazer
contribuições efetivas para a recuperação da informação no espaço museológico.
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Incomplete and uncertain information in relational databasesZimanyi, Esteban 01 January 1992 (has links)
<p align="justify">In real life it is very often the case that the available knowledge is imperfect in the sense that it represents multiple possible states of the external world, yet it is unknown which state corresponds to the actual situation of the world. Imperfect knowledge can be of two different categories. Knowledge is incomplete if it represents different states, one of which is true in the external world. On the contrary, knowledge is uncertain if it represents different states which may be satisfied or are likely to be true in the external world.</p><p><p align="justify">Imperfect knowledge can be considered under two different perspectives: using either an algebraic or a logical approach. We present both approaches in relation with the standard relational model, providing the necessary background for the subsequent development.</p><p><p align="justify">The study of imperfect knowledge has been an active area of research, in particular in the context of relational databases. However, due to the complexity of manipulating imperfect knowledge, little practical results have been obtained so far. In this thesis we provide a survey of the field of incompleteness and uncertainty in relational databases;it can be used also as an introductory tutorial for understanding the intuitive semantics and the problems encountered when representing and manipulating such imperfect knowledge. The survey concentrates in giving an unifying presentation of the different approaches and results found in the literature, thus providing a state of the art in the field.</p><p><p align="justify">The rest of the thesis studies in detail the manipulation of one type of incomplete knowledge, namely disjunctive information, and one type of uncertain knowledge, namely probabilistic information. We study both types of imperfect knowledge using similar approaches, that is through an algebraic and a logical framework. The relational algebra operators are generalized for disjunctive and probabilistic relations, and we prove the correctness of these generalizations. In addition, disjunctive and probabilistic databases are formalized using appropriate logical theories and we give sound and complete query evaluation algorithms.</p><p><p align="justify">A major implication of these studies is the conviction that viewing incompleteness and uncertainty as different facets of the same problem would allow to achieve a deeper understanding of imperfect knowledge, which is absolutely necessary for building information systems capable of modeling complex real-life situations. </p> / Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation Informatique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Publish-Time Data Integration for Open Data PlatformsEberius, Julian, Damme, Patrick, Braunschweig, Katrin, Thiele, Maik, Lehner, Wolfgang 16 September 2022 (has links)
Platforms for publication and collaborative management of data, such as Data.gov or Google Fusion Tables, are a new trend on the web. They manage very large corpora of datasets, but often lack an integrated schema, ontology, or even just common publication standards. This results in inconsistent names for attributes of the same meaning, which constrains the discovery of relationships between datasets as well as their reusability. Existing data integration techniques focus on reuse-time, i.e., they are applied when a user wants to combine a specific set of datasets or integrate them with an existing database. In contrast, this paper investigates a novel method of data integration at publish-time, where the publisher is provided with suggestions on how to integrate the new dataset with the corpus as a whole, without resorting to a manually created mediated schema or ontology for the platform. We propose data-driven algorithms that propose alternative attribute names for a newly published dataset based on attribute- and instance statistics maintained on the corpus. We evaluate the proposed algorithms using real-world corpora based on the Open Data Platform opendata.socrata.com and relational data extracted from Wikipedia. We report on the system's response time, and on the results of an extensive crowdsourcing-based evaluation of the quality of the generated attribute names alternatives.
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Modelo para estruturação e representação de diálogos em fórum de discussãoBuiar, José Antônio 16 October 2012 (has links)
A adaptação dos sistemas tradicionais de ensino presencial para o ambiente de ensino a distância introduz diversas mudanças na práxis escolar. Com a ausência do contato direto entre educador e educandos, surge a necessidade de utilização de artefatos tecnológicos que substituam a interação direta. O fórum de discussão é um desses artefatos tecnológicos. Ele possui a característica de ser um elemento catalisador da comunicação entre os envolvidos e pode ser um importante instrumento no processo educacional. Contudo, a natureza não estruturada das mensagens textuais de um fórum dificulta o seu uso como instrumento na avaliação individual do aluno. A análise e qualificação do conteúdo das mensagens armazenadas em um fórum representa um grande desafio para o instrutor. A ausência de uma estrutura formal de representação dos conceitos, crenças e idéias dos alunos poderia ser apontado como um dos elementos que contribuem para esse desafio. A proposta desta pesquisa é o desenvolvimento de um modelo que permita a estruturação e representação das mensagens de um fórum. Essa estruturação considera três aspectos da mensagem: i) os conceitos apresentados, ii) quem os apresentou e finalmente iii) quando esses conceitos foram apresentados. Para validar esse modelo, um programa de computador foi desenvolvido e testado em um fórum do ambiente virtual Moodle. O conceitos desenvolvidos para o Modelo de Estruturação e Representação das Mensagens do Fórum foram utilizados no desenvolvimento desse programa de computador. Por meio desse modelo de estruturação e representação das mensagens, um mapa ou guia é gerado. Esse mapa ou guia pode ser acessado pelo professor ou instrutor. Esse novo recurso desenvolvido, pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta de apoio à análise ou avaliação do fórum do ambiente Moodle como um todo ou de cada participação individual do aluno. / The traditional learning practices adaptation to the distance learning introduces several changes in school practice. Since in distance learning the direct contact between educators and students does not exist, new technological artifacts become necessary in order to replace direct interaction. One of these artifacts is the discussion forum, which works as a catalyzer element of the communication between involved ones and can be an important tool in the educational process. Nevertheless, non-structured nature of text messages on a forum hampers its use as a tool in individual student assessment. Analysis and qualification of message contents stored on a forum represents an important challenge for instructors. The absence of a formal representation of concepts, ideas and beliefs from students could be designated as one of the factors that make this challenge even harder. This research proposes the development of a model that allows the messages on a forum can be structured and represented. This structuration considers three message aspects: i) presented concepts, ii) who has presented it, and iii) when concepts have been presented. As a means to validate this model, a computer program was developed and tested in a Moodle virtual environment forum. The concepts developed to the Structuration and Representation of the Forum Messages Model were used on this computer program development. Through the use of this model a map or guide is generated. This map or guide can be accessed by the professor or instructor. This new feature can be used as a support tool to analysis or evaluation of a Moodle forum environment.
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Modelo para estruturação e representação de diálogos em fórum de discussãoBuiar, José Antônio 16 October 2012 (has links)
A adaptação dos sistemas tradicionais de ensino presencial para o ambiente de ensino a distância introduz diversas mudanças na práxis escolar. Com a ausência do contato direto entre educador e educandos, surge a necessidade de utilização de artefatos tecnológicos que substituam a interação direta. O fórum de discussão é um desses artefatos tecnológicos. Ele possui a característica de ser um elemento catalisador da comunicação entre os envolvidos e pode ser um importante instrumento no processo educacional. Contudo, a natureza não estruturada das mensagens textuais de um fórum dificulta o seu uso como instrumento na avaliação individual do aluno. A análise e qualificação do conteúdo das mensagens armazenadas em um fórum representa um grande desafio para o instrutor. A ausência de uma estrutura formal de representação dos conceitos, crenças e idéias dos alunos poderia ser apontado como um dos elementos que contribuem para esse desafio. A proposta desta pesquisa é o desenvolvimento de um modelo que permita a estruturação e representação das mensagens de um fórum. Essa estruturação considera três aspectos da mensagem: i) os conceitos apresentados, ii) quem os apresentou e finalmente iii) quando esses conceitos foram apresentados. Para validar esse modelo, um programa de computador foi desenvolvido e testado em um fórum do ambiente virtual Moodle. O conceitos desenvolvidos para o Modelo de Estruturação e Representação das Mensagens do Fórum foram utilizados no desenvolvimento desse programa de computador. Por meio desse modelo de estruturação e representação das mensagens, um mapa ou guia é gerado. Esse mapa ou guia pode ser acessado pelo professor ou instrutor. Esse novo recurso desenvolvido, pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta de apoio à análise ou avaliação do fórum do ambiente Moodle como um todo ou de cada participação individual do aluno. / The traditional learning practices adaptation to the distance learning introduces several changes in school practice. Since in distance learning the direct contact between educators and students does not exist, new technological artifacts become necessary in order to replace direct interaction. One of these artifacts is the discussion forum, which works as a catalyzer element of the communication between involved ones and can be an important tool in the educational process. Nevertheless, non-structured nature of text messages on a forum hampers its use as a tool in individual student assessment. Analysis and qualification of message contents stored on a forum represents an important challenge for instructors. The absence of a formal representation of concepts, ideas and beliefs from students could be designated as one of the factors that make this challenge even harder. This research proposes the development of a model that allows the messages on a forum can be structured and represented. This structuration considers three message aspects: i) presented concepts, ii) who has presented it, and iii) when concepts have been presented. As a means to validate this model, a computer program was developed and tested in a Moodle virtual environment forum. The concepts developed to the Structuration and Representation of the Forum Messages Model were used on this computer program development. Through the use of this model a map or guide is generated. This map or guide can be accessed by the professor or instructor. This new feature can be used as a support tool to analysis or evaluation of a Moodle forum environment.
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Om informationstekniskt bevisEkfeldt, Jonas January 2016 (has links)
Information technology evidence consists of a mix of representations of various applications of digital electronic equipment, and can be brought to the fore in all contexts that result in legal decisions. The occurrence of such evidence in legal proceedings, and other legal decision-making, is a phenomenon previously not researched within legal science in Sweden. The thesis examines some of the consequences resulting from the occurrence of information technology evidence within Swedish practical legal and judicial decision-making. The thesis has three main focal points. The first consists of a broad identification of legal problems that information technology evidence entails. The second focal point examines the legal terminology associated with information technology evidence. The third focal point consists of identifying sources of error pertaining to information technology evidence from the adjudicator’s point of view. The examination utilizes a Swedish legal viewpoint from a perspective of the public trust in courts. Conclusions include a number of legal problems in several areas, primarily in regards to the knowledge of the adjudicator, the qualification of different means of evidence and the consequences of representational evidence upon its evaluation. In order to properly evaluate information technology evidence, judges are – to a greater extent than for other types of evidence – in need of (objective) knowledge supplementary to that provided by parties and their witnesses and experts. Furthermore, the current Swedish evidence terminology has been identified as a complex of problems in and of itself. The thesis includes suggestions on certain additions to this terminology. Several sources of error have been identified as being attributable to different procedures associated with the handling of information technology evidence, in particular in relation to computer forensic investigations. There is a general need for future research focused on matters regarding both standards of proof for and evaluation of information technology evidence. In addition, a need for deeper legal scientific studies aimed at evidence theory has been identified, inter alia regarding the extent to which frequency theories are applicable in respect to information technology evidence. The need for related further discussions on future emerging areas such as negative evidence and predictive evidence are foreseen.
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