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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
331

Körperbild bei Männern: Die Bedeutung körperbezogener selektiver Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse sowie körpermodifizierender Verhaltensweisen für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung eines gestörten Körperbildes / Male body image: The relevance of body-related selective attentional processes and body change behaviors for the development and maintenance of a disturbed body image

Cordes, Martin 27 December 2017 (has links)
Theoretischer Hintergrund: Körperunzufriedenheit und Störungen des Körperbildes bei Männern manifestieren sich – anders als bei Frauen – in erster Linie nicht durch den Wunsch nach einem schlankeren Körper, sondern durch das Streben nach einem breiteren und muskulöseren Körper. Vorhandene Befunde zum Körperbild bei Männern deuten darauf hin, dass exzessives Muskulositätsstreben mit vergleichbar negativen psychischen und behavioralen Konsequenzen assoziiert zu sein scheint wie exzessives Schlankheitsstreben bei Frauen. Allerdings fehlt es im deutschen Sprachraum nach wie vor an validierten psychometrischen Instrumenten, die den Körperbildspezifika bei Männern gerecht werden. Zudem mangelt es an empirischen Arbeiten, die ätiologische und aufrechterhaltende Faktoren und Mechanismen eines gestörten Körperbildes bei Männern untersuchen. Bisherige – primär an Frauen mit erhöhter Körperbildproblematik oder mit Essstörungen gewonnene – Erkenntnisse deuten hier auf die perpetuierende Rolle der Exposition gegenüber dem eigenen Körper und fremden (Ideal-)Körpern für ein gestörtes Körperbild hin. Darüber hinaus scheint eine verzerrte Aufmerksamkeitslenkung (engl. Attentional Bias) bei der Betrachtung und Verarbeitung dieser körperbezogenen Stimuli ebenfalls bedeutsam zu sein. Inwieweit sich diese Erkenntnisse auch auf Männer übertragen lassen, ist bisher allerdings kaum erforscht. Neben diesen Erkenntnissen zu kognitiv-attentionalen Mechanismen deuten vereinzelte Befunde auf behavioraler Ebene zudem darauf hin, dass körpermodifizierende Maßnahmen in Form von muskulaturorien-tiertem Training durch ihre verstärkende Wirkung kurzfristig zwar zu einer Verbesserung des State-Körperbildes beitragen, langfristig jedoch zu einer Verfestigung von Körperbildsorgen führen können. Auch in diesem Bereich fehlen Studien, in denen die Effekte von Krafttraining auf das State-Körperbild bei Männern systematisch untersucht wurden. Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war es daher, die Befundlage hinsichtlich der aufgezeigten Forschungslücken zum Körperbild bei Männern zu ergänzen und zu erweitern. Methode: Insgesamt wurden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation fünf Arbeiten durchgeführt. In Artikel 1 erfolgte die Übersetzung und Validierung der Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS), das weltweit am häufigsten eingesetzte Instrument zur Erfassung von Muskulositätsstreben. Im Rahmen von Artikel 2 wurde ein Übersichtsartikel zu bisherigen Befunden zu körperbezogenen kognitiv-attentionalen Verzerrungen bei Frauen und Männern erstellt. Auf dieser Grundlage wurden in Artikel 3 mittels Eye-Tracking Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrungen bei der Betrachtung eigner und fremder Körperstimuli (d. h. normal, muskulös, hyper-muskulös) in Abhängigkeit individueller Attraktivitätseinschätzungen der verschiedenen Körperregionen sowie hinsichtlich des Ausmaßes an Schlankheits- und Muskulositätsstreben bei Männern untersucht und verglichen. Im Zuge dieser Eye-Tracking-Studie wurden zudem die Effekte der Exposition gegenüber den verschiedenen Körpertypen auf das State-Körperbild sowie die Zusammenhänge dieser Effekte mit dem Blickverhalten der Teilnehmer analysiert (Artikel 4). Abschließend wurde in Artikel 5 die verstärkende Wirkung einer einzelnen Kraftsporttrainingseinheit auf das State-Körperbild sowie der potentiell moderierende Einfluss des Muskulositätsstrebens untersucht und mit einer aktiven und passiven Kontrollbedingung (d. h. Ausdauertraining, Lesen) verglichen. Für die vier empirischen Arbeiten wurden insgesamt drei verschiedene Stichproben von Kraft- und Fitnesssportlern rekrutiert, da inner-halb dieser Population mit erhöhtem Muskulositätsstreben zu rechnen ist. Ergebnisse: Die deutschsprachige Version der DMS erwies sich als valides und reliables Instrument zur Erfassung von Muskulositätsstreben (Artikel 1). In dem erstellten Übersichtsartikel (Artikel 2) zeigte sich, dass Frauen mit erhöhter Körperbildproblematik eine defizitorientierte Aufmerksamkeitslenkung auf eigene als unattraktiv bewertete Körperareale aufweisen, vergleichbare Eye-Tracking-Studien an Männern jedoch fehlen. Zudem wurden in Artikel 2 bisher isolierte Modelle und Ansätze zum Körperbild (z. B. Aufmerksamkeitsverzer-rungen, soziale Vergleichsprozesse) in einem heuristischen Metamodell integriert. In Artikel 3 konnte gezeigt werden, dass Männer mit erhöhtem Schlankheitsstreben, nicht jedoch mit erhöhtem Muskulositätsstreben, bei Betrachtung des eigenen Körpers einen Attentional Bias in Richtung verlängerter Betrachtungszeiten eigener unattraktiver Körperregionen aufwiesen. Bezogen auf die drei Vergleichskörper (d. h. normal, muskulös, hyper-muskulös) zeigten sich keine Unterschiede im Blickverhalten zwischen Männern mit hohem und niedrigen Muskulosi-täts- und Schlankheitsstreben. In Artikel 4 konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass die Exposition gegenüber dem eigenen und dem muskulösen Körper den stärksten negativen Effekt auf das State-Körperbild der Teilnehmer hatte. Allerdings war nur die Betrachtung des eigenen Kör-pers auch mit einem Anstieg des negativen Affekts assoziiert. Zudem erwies sich nur das Blickverhalten auf den eigenen Körper als prädiktiv für Veränderungen im State-Körperbild und negativen Affekt. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich in Artikel 5, dass bereits eine einzelne Kraftsporttrainingseinheit zu einem gefühlt muskulöseren und schlankeren State-Körperbild führte, Muskulositätsstreben hierbei jedoch nicht moderierend wirksam war. Schlussfolgerung: Insgesamt konnten die durchgeführten Studien zu einer Erweiterung der Befundlage zum Körperbild bei Männern sowie zu einem verbesserten Verständnis entstehungsrelevanter und aufrechterhaltender Faktoren eines gestörten Körperbildes beitragen und vielversprechende weiterführende Forschungsansätze aufzeigen. Insbesondere kognitiv- attentionale Verzerrungstendenzen bei der Betrachtung körperbezogener Stimuli sowie die verstärkende Rolle von Kraftsport auf das State-Körperbild konnten hierbei als lohnenswerte Ansätze identifiziert werden, die in zukünftigen klinischen Studien an Männern weiterverfolgt werden sollten.
332

The Effects of Resistance Training Frequency On Muscle Hypertrophy And Strength In Healthy Trained Individuals: Literature Review

Boivin, Alexander C. 01 January 2016 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of increased resistance training frequency on strength and hypertrophy in trained individuals. Six Studies were deemed eligible based on the inclusion exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria for this review were healthy trained individuals. “Trained” refers to over one year of resistance training experience. Exclusion Criteria were study’s that examined either untrained or obese individuals as participants. The evidence indicates a dose-response trend in frequency. Resistance training each muscle group twice a week may be superior compared to once per week. Further more, resistance training each muscle group three times a week may enhance hypertrophy and strength adaptations even more compared to either once or twice a week. Recovery of the muscle may be reached in approximately 72 hours or 3 days. Mechanisms that may correlate to this phenomenon could be related to the more frequent elevations in muscle protein synthesis and physiological anabolic hormones. These results may help develop more specific guidelines in programming for intermediate to advanced athletes as well as lead way to more research on acute training variable manipulation.
333

A Novel Method of High-Intensity Low-Volume Exercise for Improving Health-Related Fitness and its Implications for Weight Management among College Students

McCabe, Matthew D. 07 September 2017 (has links)
No description available.
334

THE CURRENT STATE OF HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING ACCORDING TO OHIO HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC DIRECTORS

Szabo, Kenneth A. January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
335

Contribution of ICAM-1 to the Immunobiology of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

Dearth, Christopher L. 09 June 2011 (has links)
No description available.
336

Styrketräning vid plantar fasciit : En systematisk litteraturöversikt

Ryrberg, Christopher January 2023 (has links)
Bakgrund En vanlig orsak till smärta i fötterna är plantar fasciit och som kan enkelt förklaras som överbelastning av plantarfascian. Smärtan är lokaliserad anteriort på calcaneus och smärtan provoceras vid stående och gående. Aktivitetsanpassningar, kortisoninjektioner, stretching och sulor är vanliga behandlingsåtgärder vid plantar fasciit. Plantarfascian tillsammans med muskulatur kontrollerar fotvalvets rörelser och stabilitet. I dagsläget finns det en kunskapslucka kring vilka effekter muskelstärkande träning har på besvär i samband med plantar fasciit.   Syfte Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturöversikt var att undersöka vilka träningseffekter som finns för träning av lokal- och global fotmuskulatur hos personer med plantar fasciit.   Metod Den systematiska litteraturöversikt utfördes genom sökning i databasen Pubmed. Söksträngen utformades utifrån de inklusionskriterier som artiklarna behövde uppfylla. Granskning av artiklar och bedömning av bias utfördes enligt SBU:s formulär ”Bedömning av randomiserade studier”.   Resultat Fem randomiserade kontrollerade studier (RCT) uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna. De inkluderade studierna bestod av studier där en av interventionerna var muskelstärkande träning för fotmuskulatur. De effekter som upptäcktes i studierna var minskad smärta, förbättrad funktion, förändringar av plantarfascian och förändringar i gångmönstret.   Konklusion De fem studier som finns i området visar på en tendens att muskelstärkande träning har en positiv påverkan att lindra besvär i samband med plantar fasciit. I dagsläget behövs betydligt mer forskning för att kunna fylla kunskapsluckan av vilka effekter muskelstärkande träning för fotens muskulatur har på plantar fasciit.
337

Svänghjulstränings inverkan på styrkerelaterade variabler - en metaanalys / Effects of flywheel training on strength related variables - a meta-analysis

Petré, Henrik January 2016 (has links)
Syfte och frågeställning Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera effekten av svänghjulsträning på styrkerelaterade variabler som påverkar idrottslig prestation genom en sammanställning av befintlig vetenskaplig litteratur. Studiens frågeställning var: (1) Vilken effekt har svänghjulsträning på muskeltillväxt (hypertrofi)? (2) Vilken effekt har svänghjulsträning på utvecklingen av maximal styrka? (3) Vilken effekt har svänghjulsträning på utvecklingen av Power (effektutveckling)? (4) Vilken effekt har svänghjulsträning på horisontell förflyttning? (5) Vilken effekt har svänghjulsträning på vertikal förflyttning? Metod En metaanalys för 15 experimentella studier som uppfyllt urvalskriterierna genomfördes. De inkluderade studierna kvalitetsgranskades med Pedros skala. För att möjliggöra en sammanställning av samtliga resultat analyserades resultaten i dataprogrammet Review Manager version 5.3 med Random effekt modell och presenteras med Forest plots. Jämförelserna gjordes över en period på 4-24 veckor. Resultat Svänghjulsträning under en period av 4-24 veckor visar på en statistisk signifikant utveckling  av muskulär hypertrofi (effektstorlek 0,68), maximal styrka (1,40), Power (1,0), horisontell (0,54) och vertikal förflyttning (0,60). Slutsats Det finns stöd i litteraturen för att friska individer presterar bättre på så väl dynamiska styrketest som funktionella test efter svänghjulsträning. Evidensen är särskilt stark för att svänghjulsträning utvecklar maximal styrka och Power för tränade yngre individer samt i kortare mer intensiva block. Denna metaanalys har bara sammanställt skillnader i prestation före och efter svänghjulsträning och kan därför inte säga om effekten av svänghjulsträning är större än effekten av upprepade mätningar eller annan träning. / Aim The aim of this study was to identify the effect of the flywheel training on strength-related variables that affect athletic performance by compiling existing scientific literature. Research questions: (1) What effect does flywheel training have on muscle growth (hypertrophy)? (2) What effect does flywheel training have on the development of maximum strength? (3) What effect does flywheel training have on the development of Power (effect development)? (4) What effect does flywheel training have on the development of horizontal movement? (5) What effect does flywheel training have on the development of vertical movement? Method A meta-analysis was conducted from 15 experimental studies that met the selection criteria. The quality of included studies was reviewed by Pedro scale. In order to identify possible bias in the selection process a Funnel plot was carried out. To enable the compilation of all results an analyze with Random effect model was carried out with software Review Manager Version 5.3 and presented with Forest plots. Comparisons were made over a period of 4-24 weeks. Results Flywheel training for a period of 4-24 weeks show a statistically significant increase in effect size for muscular hypertrophy (0,49), maximum strength (1,40), Power (1,00), horizontal-(0,54) and vertical movement (0,60). Conclusions There's support in published studies that healthy individuals perform better on dynamic strength tests as wells as functional test after flywheel training. The evidence is particularly strong that flywheel training develops maximum strength and Power in trained younger individuals and in shorter more intensive blocks. This meta-analysis has just compiled the differences in performance before and after flywheel training and therefore cannot say if the effect of flywheel training is greater than the effect of repeated measurements or other exercise.
338

Treinamento resistido ou de endurance em ratos adultos jovens e velhos : efeitos sobre os músculos dos membros posteriores, medula espinhal lombar e sobre a astrocitose hipocampal

Gaspar, Pedro Ivo Kalil January 2011 (has links)
Ratos Wistar machos adultos jovens (6 meses) e velhos (24-25 meses) foram alocados em treinamentos de endurance (corrida em esteira) ou resistido (escalada em grade) durante 6 semanas e comparados a controles sedentários (n=6). Ao final, músculos dos membros posteriores (sóleo e gastrocnêmio) foram analisados por histogramas e atividade total da enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE). Na medula espinhal lombar, motoneurônios (MN) foram contados, bem como astrócitos da substância cinzenta marcados com GFAP. Densidades ópticas foram medidas nos cornos ventral (CV) e dorsal (CD) para CGRP-ir (MN e CD), AChE e 5-HT-ir (CV e CD). Para histogramas, dados foram analisados usando-se MANOVA e post hoc de Tukey. Os demais dados foram analisados usando-se ANOVA de 1 via e post hoc de Duncan. Resultados: histogramas de ratos jovens mostraram perfis de distribuição distintos após corrida (predominância de fibras de médio diâmetro) ou escalada (predominância de fibras de grande diâmetro) no músculo gastrocnêmio, mas não no sóleo. O perfil de predominância de fibras de pequeno diâmetro observado em ratos velhos sedentários foi igualmente revertido por corrida ou escalada, mas ratos velhos apresentaram limitado aumento de fibras de maior diâmetro. Tanto corrida quanto escalada diminuíram a atividade da AChE muscular. A medula espinhal de animais velhos apresentou menor número de MN e aumento do número de astrócitos. Tanto corrida quanto escalada reduziram a astrogliose no CV, mas não no CD. Ratos velhos mostraram aumento da CGRP-ir em MN, mas nenhum treinamento alterou a CGRP-ir em MN ou no CD. Tanto corrida quanto escalada aumentaram a AChE no CV em todos os grupos treinados. A escalada diminuiu AChE no CD e 5-HT-ir no CV. Nos ratos jovens, a corrida elevou 5-HT-ir no CD, mas não nos ratos velhos. Estes resultados sugerem que distintas modalidades de exercícios crônicos evocam diferentes respostas de neurotransmissores na medula espinhal em diferentes idades. / Young (6 months) and aged (24-25 months) male Wistar rats were assigned to endurance training (ET - treadmill running) and resistance training (RT - grid climbing with increasing weights) during 6 weeks and compared to sedentary controls (n=6). At the end, hindlimb muscles (soleus and gastrocnemius) were analysed by histograms and total AChE activity. In the lumbar spinal cord, motoneurons (MN) were counted, as well as gray matter's GFAP-labeled astrocytes. Optical densities were measured in the ventral (VH) and dorsal (DH) horns for CGRP-ir (MN and DH), AChE staining and 5-HT-ir (VH and DH). Data from histograms were analysed using MANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc. The remaining data Weir analysed using ANOVA and Duncan´s post hoc. Results: gastrocnemius, but not soleus, muscle histograms in young rats showed distinct fiber distribution profiles under ET (toward medium-diameter fibers) and RT (toward large-diameter fibers). The predominance in small-diameter muscle fibers in aged rats was similarly reversed by ET and RT, but aged rats presented limited increase in large-diameter muscle fibers. Both ET and RT decreased muscle AChE activity. The aged spinal cords presented MN loss and greater astrocyte numbers. Both ET and RT reduced astrogliosis in VH, but not in DH. The aged rats displayed elevated CGRP-ir in MN, and neither ET nor RT altered CGRP-ir in MN or DH. Exercise (ET and RT) markedly increased AChE staining in VH in all groups. RT decreased AChE in DH and 5-HT-ir in VH. In young rats, running elevated 5-HT-ir in the DH. These results suggest that different chronic exercise modalities and age evoke distinct spinal cord neurotransmitter responses.
339

Os exercícios aeróbio e resistido melhoram a memória espacial de ratos por mecanismos diferentes / Spatial memory is improved by aerobic and resistance exercise through different mechanisms

Cassilhas, Ricardo Cardoso [UNIFESP] 30 March 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-12662a.pdf: 1757646 bytes, checksum: 6d16ce4a1b202b49620fcd389bf661cb (MD5). Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 2 Publico-12662a.pdf: 1757646 bytes, checksum: 6d16ce4a1b202b49620fcd389bf661cb (MD5) Publico-12662b.pdf: 1556068 bytes, checksum: 9e7692a17342eb563d00b00cb4170335 (MD5) / As evidências científicas que se acumulam ao longo do tempo mostram o impacto positivo do exercício físico para a saúde humana, em especial para a saúde cerebral. Os efeitos como o aumento da atividade neurotrófica do BDNF e do IGF-1, devido ao exercício físico aeróbio, parecem influenciar os neurônios do hipocampo, e estão associados com a melhora do aprendizado e da memória espacial. No entanto, nada se sabe sobre a influência do exercício físico resistido na memória hipocampo-dependente, nem se as vias celulares associadas a essa melhora, pelo exercício físico aeróbio, seriam também ativadas pelo treinamento resistido. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos dos exercícios físicos aeróbio e resistido na aprendizagem, na memória espacial e nas vias de sinalizações celulares BDNF/ TrKB e do IGF-1/ IGF-1R no hipocampo de ratos. Material e Métodos: ratos Wistar machos adultos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos (controle, CTRL; sham, SHAM; aeróbio, AERO; e resistido, RES), submetidos a oito semanas de treinamento aeróbio (esteira motorizada) ou treinamento resistido (escalada em escada com sobrecarga). Após a intervenção, observou-se que houve, em ambos os grupos AERO e RES, uma melhora da aprendizagem e da memória espacial (hipocampo-dependente), avaliada por meio do labirinto aquático de Morris. Além disto, o grupo AERO ativou mais a via BDNF/ TrKB/ CaMKII do que o RES. No entanto, este grupo ativou mais a via IGF-1/ IGF-1R/ AKT do que o grupo AERO. Apesar de os dois grupos terem aumentado a expressão da sinapsina e da sinaptofisina de forma semelhante. Conclusões: o treinamento aeróbio ou o resistido por oito semanas aumentou, de maneira similar, a aprendizagem e a memória espacial dos ratos. Embora os mecanismos moleculares pelo qual isso ocorreu, até certo ponto tenham sido divergentes. Isso porque, o exercício físico aeróbio ativou a via BDNF/TrKB/CaMKII e, o resistido a via IGF-1/IGF-1R/AKT, embora ambos, de maneira similar, tenham aumentado, no hipocampo, a expressão da sinapsina e da sinaptofisina. / A growing body of scientific evidence indicates that exercise has a positive impact on human health and on neurological health in particular. Effects such as increased BDNF and IGF-1 neurotrophic activity are induced by aerobic exercise and appear to influence hippocampal neurons, leading to improved spatial learning and memory. However, nothing is known about the effect of resistance exercise on hippocampus-dependent memory or whether the cellular pathways associated with aerobic exercise are also activated by resistance training. Objective: we therefore tested whether spatial learning and memory in rats is similarly enhanced by aerobic or resistance exercise and whether the cellular signals involved are similar, focusing on the BDNF/ TrKB and IGF-1/ IGF-1R pathways. Material and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats underwent eight weeks of aerobic training on a treadmill (AERO group) or resistance training on a vertical ladder (RES group); control and sham groups were also included. After the training period, both the AERO and RES groups showed improved learning and spatial memory. In addition, the BDNF/TrkB/CaMKII pathway had a higher activity in the AERO group than in the RES group. In contrast, the RES group showed greater activation of the IGF-1/IGF-1R/AKT pathway. Moreover, the two exercise groups had similar increases in synapsin and synaptophysin expression. Conclusions: We therefore conclude that, in rats, both aerobic and resistance training for eight weeks increases learning and spatial memory in a similar manner. However, the two forms of exercise seem to employ at least partially divergent mechanisms. Specifically, aerobic exercise modulates neuroplasticity selectively via the BDNF/TrkB pathway by activating CaMKII and stimulating the synthesis of synapsin and synaptophysin. In contrast, resistance training appears to increase synapsin and synaptophysin expression via the IGF-1/IGF-1R pathway. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
340

Análise de duas propostas para a reabilitação da marcha em indivíduos portadores de sequelas neurológicas crônicas

Santos, Fernanda Romaguera Pereira dos 10 May 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:18:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3132.pdf: 3107997 bytes, checksum: 1b931ab55a545210b8e98eae0eee3ce1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-10 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / This work is composed of three distinct studies. In the first one, we compared the muscle coactivation of tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocunemius medialis (GM) during quiet stance and the also during the stance phase of gait in hemiparetic subjects (hemiparetic group, HG, n=12) and in subjects with no neurologic injuries (control group, CG, n=10). We evaluated the TA and GM electromyographic signal and calculated their overlapping ratio (OR). We concluded that these individuals do not present significant coactivation alterations in the stance phase of gait, but in quiet stance they seem to use the coactivation of the non-paretic limb to maintain postural stability. In the second study we investigated the effects of the association of treadmill training with body weight support (TTBWS) associated with strength training of ankle muscles on the motor control in chronic hemiparetic subjects. Fifteen volunteers were distributed into 2 treatment groups: 1) TTBWS (G1; n=7); and 2) TTBWS associated with resistance training for dorsi and plantar flexors (G2; n=8). We evaluated muscle performance of plantar flexion and dorsiflexion in an isokinetic dynamometer through peak torque (PT), total work (TW) and acceleration time (AT) at the speeds of 60°/s and 120°/s. For gait analysis we assessed the ground reaction forces (GRF). There was an increase in PT and TT of plantar flexion at 60°/s in the paretic side, and an increase in the positive peak of the anterior-posterior GRF component in both sides of G2. We suggested that the proposed intervention leads to improvements in the components related to propulsion of gait. In the third study, we evaluated the effect of the robot assisted gait training (RAGT) in children with spastic diplegia. Twenty children (12 male, 5-13 years old) were evaluated for functional outcomes and spatial-temporal patterns of gait before, after and 3 months after the end of the intervention. Comparisons revealed significant improvements on functional outcomes and in gait mechanics. We concluded that RAGT promotes better gait patterns, and that the learning of this new task is retained even after the end of the intervention. / Este trabalho é composto por três estudos distintos. Inicialmente comparamos a coativação dos músculos tibial anterior (TA) e gastrocnêmio medial (GM) em postura ortostática e durante a fase de apoio da marcha de indivíduos hemiparéticos (grupo hemiparético, GH; n = 12) e de indivíduos sem lesões neurológicas (grupo controle, GC; n = 10). Avaliamos o sinal eletromiográfico do TA e do GM e calculamos a taxa de sobreposição dos mesmos (ICoa). Em atividade estática observamos maior ICoa no membro não parético do GH quando comparado com o membro dominante do GC. Concluímos que hemiparéticos não apresentam alterações significativas da coativação na fase de apoio da marcha, mas em atividade estática parecem utilizar o aumento da coativação do lado não parético para a manutenção da estabilidade. No segundo estudo investigamos os efeitos da associação do treino de marcha em esteira com suporte parcial do peso corporal (TMESPP) ao treinamento de força para a musculatura do tornozelo sobre o controle motor em indivíduos hemiparéticos crônicos. Quinze voluntários foram distribuídos em 2 grupos de tratamento: 1) TMESPP (G1; n=7) e 2) TMESPP associado ao fortalecimento da musculatura do tornozelo (G2; n=8). Avaliamos o desempenho muscular nos movimentos de plantiflexão e dorsiflexão em dinamômetro isocinético nas velocidades de 60°/s e 120°/s, através dos valores de pico de torque (PT), trabalho total (TT) e tempo de aceleração (TA). Para avaliação da marcha analisamos as forças de reação do solo (FRS). Houve aumento do PT e do TT da plantiflexão a 60°/s do lado parético, e aumento dos picos positivos do componente ântero-posterior das FRS em ambos os lados do G2. Sugerimos que a intervenção proposta provoca melhora nos componentes da propulsão da marcha. O terceiro estudo avaliou o efeito do treino de marcha assistido por robô (TMAR) em 20 crianças com diparesia espástica (12 sexo masculino, 5-13 anos). Avaliamos medidas funcionais e padrões espaço-temporais da marcha antes, após e três meses depois do término da intervenção. As comparações revelaram melhora significativa nas medidas funcionais e na mecânica da marcha. Concluímos que o TMAR promove melhoras nos padrões da marcha, e que a aprendizagem dessa nova tarefa é retida mesmo após a interrupção do treino.

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