As preocupações com a integridade e o equilíbrio ambiental das regiões costeiras decorrem do fato de serem as mais ameaçadas do planeta, justamente por representarem para as sociedades humanas um elo de ligação e de intensa troca de mercadorias entre si, com a exploração desordenada e muitas vezes predatória de seus recursos naturais, tornado-se, já na era industrial o principal local de lazer, turismo ou moradia de grandes massas de populações urbanos. A vocação de uso de determinada paisagem esta relacionada às funções que a mesma desempenha. O que ocorre é que o padrão de desenvolvimento adotado e a atual configuração sócio-econômica determinam usos que nem sempre coincidem com a sua melhor utilização. A fim de subsidiar futuros planos de uso e ocupação racional do solo das áreas naturais adjacentes ao Balneário Cassino (Rio Grande, RS), de acordo com os preceitos do Gerenciamento Costeiro Integrado, desenvolveu-se um Dianóstico Sócio-Ambiental da área dentro de abordagem sistêmica. Foram considerados principais componentes e processos urbanos e ambientais, definidos a partir da interpretação de aerofotografias, levantamentos de campo quali-quantitativos e informações bibliográficas. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de tabelas, quadros, levantamentos fotográficos, modelos diagramáticos conceituais, e mapas temáticos, que permitiram entender a organização estrutural e funcional da paisagem, e fundamentar uma ordenação espacial dos usos desta área, de modo a adequá-los às suas especificidades ambientais, histórico-culturais, sócio-econômicas e legais. / The integrity and the environmental equilibrium of coastal zones are increasingly becoming a concern to environmental scientists. Coastal environments are one of the most threatened in the world. Besides, they represent, to the human societies, a link of connection and intense exchange of merchandise amongst each other, with disordered and, at many times, predatory exploration, becoming, already at the industrial age, a main site of leisure, tourism and habitation of large masses of urban population. The vocation of a determined landscape is related to the functions and roles it plays. What actually occurs is that the development pattern adopted and the actual socio-economics determine the uses, which not always coincide with its best utilization. In order to assist future plans of rational use and occupation of natural areas adjacent to Cassino's Bathing Resort (Rio Grande, RS), in agreement with the Integrated Coastal Zone Management, a social-environmental diagnosis of the study site was developed using the systemic approach. The main environmental and urban processes and components were considered. They were defined based on aerophotos interpretation, quail-quantitative field survey and bibliographic information. The results, presented in the form of tables, photographic surveys, conceptual diagrammatic models and thematic maps, allowed to understand the structural and functional organization of the landscape and to establish a spatial ordering of land use to adequate them to their environmental, historic-social, socioeconomics and legal specificities.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-18T17:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 322714.pdf: 962628 bytes, checksum: f57085a6007f2dd6e53c12b533c19b8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os períodos sazonais são considerados os maiores desafios para a indústria hoteleira, e garantir a continuidade e manutenção das taxas de ocupação requer ações diárias em um empreendimento de hospedagem. Os eventos são considerados uma das estratégias para garantir esta descontinuidade. Essa dissertação discorrerá sobre uma das estratégias de marketing e comercialização utilizada pelo Rio Quente Resorts em Goiás para manutenção e busca na permanente continuidade das taxas de ocupação de leitos do empreendimento mesmo nos períodos de baixa estação. Através de um estudo exploratório de caso do Evento: Programa Profissional do Turismo, analisar os impactos desta estratégia de marketing e comercialização nos resultados das taxas de ocupação.

Cette thèse comprend trois essais sur le futur des banques centrales et sur la manière dont elles doivent réguler la liquidité. Réguler la liquidité pour le futur, nécessite pour les banques centrales, de justifier et de concevoir une politique de la liquidité. Cette politique de la liquidité existe de fait sous la forme des mesures non conventionnelles mais n’est pas formalisée. L’apport de cette thèse est de proposer une conceptualisation de la politique de la liquidité, comme élément marquant du futur des banques centrales et comme fondation théorique des rôles en dernier ressort des banques centrales. La thèse montrera qu’il s’agit en fait d’une politique des liquidités du fait de l’existence de différents types de liquidités. Elle l’illustrera par la proposition d’un modèle théorique et mettra en relation théorie et pratique des liquidités. La thèse traite le rôle de la banque centrale sur la liquidité tout d’abord sous la forme d’un preneur de risque en dernier ressort puis ensuite sous la forme d’un agent central agissant sur les différentes formes de liquidité. Les deux premiers essais couvrent la problématique de la banque centrale, preneur de risque en dernier ressort, sous un aspect positif dans le premier essai puis sous un aspect normatif dans le deuxième. Le dernier essai intègre le concept de preneur de risque en dernier ressort dans un ensemble plus large d’actions de la banque centrale, couvrant les différentes formes de liquidité. / This PhD thesis includes three essays on the future of central banks and how they should regulate liquidity. Regulating liquidity for the future, requires for central banks to justify and design a liquidity policy. This policy of liquidity actually exists in the form of unconventional measures but is not formalized. The contribution of this thesis is to propose a conceptualization of a liquidity policy as a key element for the future of central banks and as a theoretical foundation for the roles of central banks as last resorts. The thesis will show that it is actually a policy of liquidities because of the existence of different types of liquidity. It will illustrate it by proposing a theoretical model and by linking theory and practice of liquidity. The thesis deals with the role of the central bank on liquidity, first in the form of a risk taker of last resort and then in the form of a central agent acting on the various forms of liquidities. The first two essays cover the problem of the central bank as risk taker of last resort, under a positive aspect in the first essay and then under a normative aspect in the second. The last essay incorporates the concept of risk taker of last resort into a broader set of central bank actions covering different forms of liquidities.

Although sustainable development is becoming a strategic priority for some organizations, many do not apply it as a business strategy like traditional objectives. Sustainability requires a calculated and streamlined approach, specifically, a clear vision of success and a comprehensive plan to achieve success. Intrawest Corporation is currently looking at integrating sustainable development into their practices in both their real estate and resort divisions. Whistler Blackcomb, implemented several environmental and community-based initiatives but has yet to take a company-wide approach to sustainable development. In this study, Whistler Blackcomb and Intrawest’s sustainability initiatives were evaluated based on a scientific definition of sustainability. The paper explores how a resort destination company can strategically integrate sustainability into their business operations. The objective is to highlight Whistler Blackcomb and Intrawest as case studies to understand how a company can gauge their awareness, identify challenges and opportunities, and move towards being a more environmentally excellent, socially just and economically viable company. / <p>Carmen Turner Carmen.Turner@teckcominco.com Archie Kasnet archie@greenland-enterprises.com</p>

Le photographe français Fernand Braun (1852-1948) quitte les ateliers alsaciens de son oncle Adolphe Braun (1812-1877) en 1878 pour s’’installer à Angoulême, en Charente. Profitant du marché porteur du portrait, le jeune entrepreneur prend une part active aux recherches sur le gélatino-bromure d’’argent, une technique qui ouvre l’ère de l’instantané en photographie. Rejoignant les élites républicaines au sein de la société de gymnastique de la ville, le jeune homme exprime son sentiment de revanche face à la Prusse victorieuse de 1870. Gymnaste accompli et influent, les sentiments patriotiques du personnage le conduisent alors à rejoindre la Ligue des patriotes en 1884. Fréquentant Royan dès 1893, Fernand Braun s’installe en Charente-Inférieure en 1895 pour relancer ses activités. Inséré au réseau des élites conduisant le projet balnéaire de la cité et l’œuvre républicaine d’’instruction de la jeunesse, il entame une carrière d’éditeur de cartes postales. Le photographe crée à partir de 1900, un catalogue de milliers de clichés baptisé la Grande Série et valorisant les paysages et la vie des Charentais. Connaissant un succès phénoménal, la carte postale s’impose comme le medium de prédilection du début du XXe siècle. Les publications de l’éditeur témoignent alors des mutations des paysages régionaux ainsi que des évolutions sociales sur lesquelles le photographe porte un regard d’homme concerné et engagé. Cependant, le dynamisme de la Grande Série ralentit au début des années 1910 et l’auteur cherche de nouveaux débouchés pour son imagerie de cartes postales.L’année 1913 marque une rupture dans sa politique éditoriale et davantage influencé par l’industrie touristique, le personnage renouvelle sa manière de mettre en image les territoires. La Grande Guerre remobilise l’éditeur dès 1914 et ce dernier s’attache alors à exposer les conséquences du conflit à ses contemporains. Néanmoins, ne produisant guère plus que des vues touristiques après 1918, la Grande Série s’arrête en 1920. / The French photographer Fernand Braun (1852-1948) leaves his uncle’s factories, Adolphe Braun’s, in Alsace, for Angouleme in Charente where he settles in 1878. Taking advantage of the successful vogue for portraits, the young business man takes an active part in the researches into gelatine silver process, a revolutionary technique witch was to open a new era for modern photography : the snapshot. When he joined the gymnastic circle, and with it,the republican elite of the place, it was highly significant of his desire for revenge on the victorious Prussia of 1870.He’s not only a brilliant and influent gymnast but also a passionate patriot, when in 1884, he joins the Patriot’s league. From 1893 he often stays in Royan, and in 1895 he definitively settles there, in Inferior-Charente, to give a new start to his activities. Closely connected to the network of the local elite interested in the two main projects for the town : the development of Royan into a great seaside resort and the republican achievement of education of the youth, he starts, then, a career as a postcard publisher. From the year 1900, Fernand Braun produces his Great Collection, a catalogue containing thousands of pictures that shows the landscapes of the Charentes and the dailylife of its inhabitants. Being a prodigious success, the postcard reveals to be the first rank medium at the beginning of 20th century. The publisher’s productions bear witness of the environmental and social changes of the region on which Fernand Braun has a very attentive look. However, in the early 1910’s, the dynamism of the Great Collection slows down and its author looks for new openings in the issue of his pictures. By the year 1913, there is a break in his editorial policy and being more influenced by the tourism industry, the man imagines a new way of picturing the surrounding territories. As soon as the Great War breaks out, in 1914, the publisher finds a new motivation,eager to show his contemporaries its consequences. Nevertheless, by 1918, scarcely producing anything else but touristic views, the Great Collection comes to an end in 1920.

Abstract The popularity of nature-based tourism has increased worldwide and peripheral areas with conservational value, like protected areas, are attractive destinations. The recreational use and construction of tourism facilities can cause environmental degradation and decrease the conservational and recreational value of areas if not well planned and managed. The aim of this thesis was to improve our knowledge of recreation and tourism induced changes in northern boreal environments. Direct and indirect impacts of recreation on vegetation and birds in protected areas were examined. Furthermore, the environmental impacts of ski resorts in terms of changes in vegetation and soil, threats from non-native species and water pollution were investigated. In protected areas, the size of the disturbed areas around campsites was found to be mainly determined by the distance between the main tourism facilities (wilderness hut and campfire-site), and the mountain biotopes were more sensitive to disturbance than forests. Recreational use had induced changes also in the bird community. The occurrence and the composition of birds were affected, and the open nesters nesting on the ground were found to be the most sensitive. The construction, revegetation and management practices of ski runs had increased the nutrient concentrations, pH and conductivity of the soil, and changed the original vegetation notably. Non-native seed mixture species, used in revegetating the ski runs, were found to be favoured by management practices (disturbance and peat addition) in an experimental study, but, eventually, were not able to be established themselves into study plots. Ski resorts’ construction and management have also affected the water quality. Concentrations of nutrients were higher in ski resort lakes in relation to reference lakes and were comparable to lakes polluted by agriculture and forestry. The results of this theses give new information on tourism and recreation induced changes and are applicable for planning and management. Nature-based tourism and recreation can cause long-term changes in terrestrial and aquatic environments, which should be considered at all levels of planning and management. For sustainable tourism development, it is essential that impacts are regularly monitored and preventative means are developed and used to minimize environmental degradation.

This thesis provides a description of the periglacial environment and features in the vicinity of Tiffindell Ski resort, on the slopes of Ben MacDhui (3001.2m.), the highest point of the East Cape Drakensberg, South Africa. Active and inactive periglacial features were located, mapped and described. Of particular interest were periglaciar slope deposits including gelifluction turf-banked lobes and stone lobes, and cryoturbation features including polygons and thufur. Local environmental factors, such as aspect, moisture, topography, soil texture and depth of freezing, appear to act as important controls on the spatial distribution of the periglacial features. Identification and quantification of periglacial processes in the regolith was investigated using temperature and soil moisture sensors coupled to dataloggers. Research was undertaken over a 16 month period from June 1995 to September 1996 so that comparisons between the winter conditions of 1995 and 1996 could be drawn. The Tiffindell area was observed to be characterised in the winter months by 'diurnal freezethaw days', as well as by 'ice days', 1996 experiencing colder temperatures than 1995. With more than 78% of the days from May to September 1996 being 'ice days', and simultaneously experiencing high soil moisture contents, freezing penetration to a depth of greater than 0.2m was observed to occur in the Tiffindell area, causing frost heave and gelifluction. The summer thaw of ice lenses that developed in the cold winter months caused surface movement downslope of gelifluction lobes of up to 39mm over an 18 month period, although movement declined rapidly with depth and was essentially restricted to the uppermost 130mm of the regolith. Other features such as sorted and non-sorted polygons and thufur were identified and found to be active under the present climatic conditions and depth of frost penetration at Tiffindell. Stone lobes were identified on the south and southeast-facing slopes at Tiffindell, but are apparently inactive under present climatic conditions. Their existence suggests the presence of severe seasonal frost in the past. The implications of the air and ground surface temperatures, and of seasonal frost penetration for the development of Tiffindell Ski resort were considered, and suggestions regarding their economic significance are presented.

Main goal of the diploma thesis is to research liquidity management problems of the Federal Reserve System during banking crisis 1929 -- 1933. Monetary policy implementation based on the implicit reserve targeting was not convenient in times of sharp expansion of the demand for reserves. FED was misled by Real-bills and Riefler-Burgess doctrine and considers monetary condition to be easy. Money interest rates responded very moderately to the shortage of the banking system's liquidity. We can find origin of the first quantitative easing in 1932 when FED first bought larger quantities of the government securities. Expansionary monetary policy during the banking crisis 1929 -- 1933 was also potentially limited by the conflict among U.S. financial stability and sustainability of the gold standard.

The Master's Thesis analyses and evaluates the conditions for the Ski & Snowboard School Lúčky development in the Jasná Nízke Tatry ski resort as well as it illustrates specific steps and actions in the realistic business plan. Firstly, it introduces theoretical background of feasibility analysis, business model, and the business plan focusing on the importance and structure of each topic. Secondly, the thesis portrays the results of an empirical research conducted on the target audience that are together with the market analyses integrated into the business plan. At last, the business plan proposes marketing and financial projections that lead into final conclusion and recommendations for the business development in the ski & snowboard school business area.

The aim of this thesis is two-fold. My primary, theoretical aim is to present an alternative way for geographers to approach the study of tourist resort development. For over twenty years, resorts have been understood through the framework of evolutionary models, the most widely-used being Richard Butler's 1981 Tourist Area Life Cycle. I argue that the time is ripe for a more sophisticated approach which i) identifies the multiplicity of actors involved in the destination-making process and elucidates the interactions between them; and ii) situates the resort within a dynamic, capitalist economy, increasingly dominated by large corporations. I suggest that one way we can do this is to take particular moments in a resort's trajectory and examine the responses made by key players in the production of the resort. My starting point for my investigation into Whistler Resort, British Columbia is the merger in 1996 of its two ski mountains, Whistler and Blackcomb, under the ownership of Intrawest Corporation. A recent wave of consolidation in the North American ski industry has seen increasing numbers of once-independent ski areas coming under the control of four large corporations, Intrawest being one. My second aim with this thesis, therefore, is to shed light on the process of ski resort development in light of the recent industry reorganisation. In particular, I use my case-study of Whistler to interrogate the corporatisation thesis of historian Hal Rothrnan. Rothman's account of resort development in the twentieth-century American West leads him to view large corporations as extractive forces which pay scant respect to local communities and cultures, treating them instead as marketable commodities. The experience of Whistler, however, suggests a much greater degree of mterdependence and co-operation between the ski corporation and local stakeholders in the resort - a situation that arises because of its unique administrative, political and economic context. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate