L’agriculture familiale apparait comme une alternative pour lutter contre la dépendance aux transnationales et au flux des marchés mondiaux de produits agricoles. Aujourd’hui, de nombreuses études montrent l’efficacité économique de l’agriculture familiale, de son dynamisme et de sa capacité à innover et à s’adapter sans oublier bien sûr, sa capacité à fournir des emplois à plus d’un milliard d’habitants dans les pays du Sud et à contribuer au PIB de ces pays.Ce travail analyse la place qu’occupe l’agriculture familiale rurale au sein d’une économie locale et son rapport avec les acteurs économiques, la population et le marché mais il va aussi essayer de faire ressortir l’influence de cette activité sur les rapports sociaux et sur l’évolution de l’agriculture elle-même. Ajoutons à cela les nouveaux défis qu’elle a à relever : tels que son nouveau cadre juridique, la question foncière, la gestion de l’eau, la pluriactivité, la polyculture, les flux migratoires et leur impact sur les communautés paysannes. L’objet de cette recherche porte sur la région de Jijel que nous connaissons pour l’avoir étudiée pendant nos études de graduation. L’importance de l’agriculture familiale dans cette région a attiré notre attention autant par la population concernée que par le type d’agriculture, sa variété en cultures maraichères, son arboriculture, son apiculture et son élevage. Le problème du dépaysannement du monde rural local, ces dernières années, généré par plusieurs facteurs va prendre aussi une place importante dans notre travail. / Family farming appears to be an alternative to tackling dependence on transnational companies and the flow of global markets for agricultural products. Today, many studies show the economic efficiency of family farming, its dynamism and its ability to innovate and adapt. Without forgetting, of course, its capacity to provide employment to more than a billion people in the southern countries, and its contribution to the P.I.B of these countries.This work will demonstrate the role of rural family farming in a local economy, and its relation with the economic actors, population, and the market. But also, on one hand the influence of this activity on social relations. And the influence exerted by societal changes on family farming, on the other hand. Adding to this, the new challenges it must free; such as: the new legal framework, the land issue, water management, pluriactivity, polyculture, migratory flows and their impact on peasant communities.The Jijel area will be our ground for this study. This field we know well, thanks to the work that we carried out during our graduation studies. The importance of family farming in the region has attracted our attention, through the existence of different vegetable crops, arboriculture, olive growing, beekeeping and various livestock farms. The problem of disorientation of local rural areas in recent years driven by several factors will also take an important place in our work.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-11T17:36:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Regina Celeste de Castro Faria - 2001.pdf: 27662992 bytes, checksum: ca4f697bcd9edec630c0c0ee9ae51b75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-07-12T11:04:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Regina Celeste de Castro Faria - 2001.pdf: 27662992 bytes, checksum: ca4f697bcd9edec630c0c0ee9ae51b75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T11:04:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Regina Celeste de Castro Faria - 2001.pdf: 27662992 bytes, checksum: ca4f697bcd9edec630c0c0ee9ae51b75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-09-25 / Land law is aimed at procteting the agricultor, guarantee productivity and rational use of natural renewable resources and, for this reason, it established that these objectives be met by means of implementation of rural developmental policies which have as its main objectives established by the law itself, it's considered more important the ones related to both social and economical advancement of the agricultor. ln order to promete economical and social developement become necessary, beforehand, educate this human being by providing him with good schooling among other opportunities, this beca use, it is not possible to talk about social and educational progress without guaranteeing him the necessary educational opportunities. ln order to underst, respect and accept his characteristics as a whole, it is necessary, first or ali. to know him. Once the principal objective of this kind of research is to learn about the agricultor established in Geias in the mid of the XX century. the local literature will be surveyed in order to discover the data that capacitate us to identify his profile, way of living so that this knowledge could contribute to the process of rural development. / O Direito Agrário visa. dentre vários objetivos, a proteger o agricultor, a garantir a produtividade e o aproveitamento racional dos recursos naturais renováveis. Para isto, estabelece que esses objetivos sejam alcançados por meio da implantação de políticas de desenvolvimento rural, que tenham seus princípios estabelecidos pelo próprio Direito Agrário. São considerados mais importantes os relativos ao progresso social e ao progresso econômico do rurícola. Para promover o progresso econômico e social do rurícola tqrna-se necessário antes educar esse sujeito social, pois não se pode falar em progresso social do indivíduo sem garantir-lhe e nem proporcionar-lhe o acesso à educação. Para se respeitar e aceitar as especificidades do rurícola é preciso primeiro conhecê-lo. Como o que se objetiva conhecer é a realidade do rurícola goiano a partir de meados do século XX. buscam-se na literatura regional, os dados para se identificar o seu perfil. o seu modo de ser e de viver, e assim entender de que forma esse conhecimento poderá contribuir para o processo de desenvolvimento rural.

The essay deals with the position of widows in the rural society using the example of the domain of Nový Rychnov. It is based on the research of the local sources like parish registers, listings of confesion, land registers, wedding contracts, testaments. As a main methodological basis is used microhistory. The introduction deals with situation of widows on the ground of demographic statistic and in the context of laws. The question women´s position in the rural family and reflection of widowhood by the then society was not disregarded. The attention was concentrated on the way, which particular rural widows resolved situation after their husbands´ death. There were four possibilities in face of widowed women: new marriage, independent leading of farm, retirement and position of inmate. The situation of woman can be changed during her life. This four alternatives is the basis of the following analysis. Particular chapters at first summarize results of research up to now and previous statistical analyses, which have addressed several questions about widows on a general level. Next, the great care is dedicated to concrete examples. The analysis have showed existence of conscious strategies on the part of widowed women. There were usually more possibilities for a widowed woman. Rural women were able to deal with their husbands´ death, assess their current family, financial and legal standing and make a decision based on this assessment. The advance of widowed women always depended on their individual situation and circumstances. The aim of present study is the question, why women opted different types of conclusion their situation. In examining the lives of the widows, one can identify both certain stereotypes, as well as individual strategies. The problem of rural widows cannot be simplified on the result of analysis and demands detailed analysis. The aim of essay is to show, that there were many differencies between widows and their deals.

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une sociologie compréhensive et qualitative de l’école en milieu rural marocain. Elle a pour but d’étudier la relation école-famille et son impact sur la scolarisation et la déscolarisation. Pour ce faire, la présente recherche tente d’examiner la politique de scolarisation en milieu rural et les points de vue des acteurs locaux tirés de leurs expériences subjectives. C’est en somme vouloir accéder à une connaissance « de l’intérieur » du fonctionnement de l’école rurale du Haouz de Marrakech. Les résultats démontrent que les problèmes de communication entre les acteurs scolaires et sociaux sont à l’origine des logiques scolaires et sociales divergentes, compte tenu de l’étrangeté de l’école rurale et des problèmes relatifs à son institutionnalisation. A l’instabilité et à la démotivation des enseignants qui travaillent en zones rurales, s’ajoute la faible culture scolaire chez les parents pour faire émerger des phénomènes de scolarisation et de déscolarisation spécifiques. / This research is part of a comprehensive sociology of the school in the rural Moroccan setting. Its object is to examine the relationship between school and family and its impact upon schooling and non-schooling. To accomplish this, the present study attempts to examine educational policy in rural Morocco and the points of view of the local players arising from their own subjective experiences. It thus seeks to know “from within” how the rural school in the Haouz of Marrakech functions. Results show that the problems of communication which exist between the school players and the society around them are the source of divergent scholastic and social logic, given the strangeness of the school system and issues related to its being established as an institution. Instability and lack of motivation on the part of instructors combine with the absence of a school culture to produce very specific phenomena of schooling vs non-schooling.

L’environnement sonore de la région de La Roche-Bernard en Haute-Bretagne arrive, à la fin du 19e siècle, dans une période de changements importants qui accompagne le déclin d’une société rurale traditionnelle. Une reconstitution de cet environnement disparu s’avère compliquée, partielle et subjective, compte tenu de la disparité des sources d’information disponibles. Basée principalement sur des enquêtes orales complétées par des recherches en archives, cette étude permet, plutôt que d’établir les relations exactes des sons les uns avec les autres, de réfléchir à une catégorisation qui prenne davantage en compte leur perception et leur émission, ou plus exactement leurs fonctions, usages et interprétations. Le classement qui en découle tient de surcroît compte du caractère traditionnel ou folklorique des sons retenus. Cette manière d’inventaire, qui n’est pas exhaustif, repère cependant dans un second temps les moments de rupture où un type d’environnement sonore disparaît et cède la place à un autre. Une chronologie générale établit enfin, dans la société rurale traditionnelle étudiée, les éventuels rapports entre sa disparition et l’évolution de son environnement sonore. / At the end of the 19th century, the sonic environment of the region of La Roche-Bernard in Upper Brittany was affected by a period of important modifications which accompanied the decline of traditional rural society. A reconstitution of this disappearing environment is necessarily complex, partial and subjective with regard to the disparity of the available resources. This study, principally based on oral interviews supplemented by archive research, rather than establishing the exact relationships between sounds, opens up reflection around a possible categorization which principally considers their perception and emission, or more precisely their functions, usage and interpretations. In addition, the resulting classification takes into account the folklore or traditional character of the sounds studied. This manner of inventory, which is non exhaustive, does however reveal, on closer inspection, the periods of change where one type of sonic environment gives place to another. Lastly, a general chronology establishes possible links between the disappearance and the evolution of the sonic environment in the traditional rural society studied.

<p>The principal purpose of this thesis has been to analyse the importance of women´s waged work with handicrafts for the household economy in the Swedish countryside during a period of rapid industrialisation and growth. The point of departure for the analysis has been a theoretical and methodological frame of interpretation on three levels. The levels that have been studied are the national institutional level of society, the level of the local society and the household level.</p><p>This thesis has shown that women’s ways of providing for themselves cannot be explained with reference to any one factor. The explanation for the gender division of labour must be seen as the result of the interplay of several different factors on different levels. By investigating how the conditions for making a living looked like on the three different levels, the thesis has shown that, together, factors on the national institutional and the local societal levels, as well as on the individual household level, affected women’s work and how it can be understood.</p><p>The thesis has described how the ideal of the breadwinner has changed during the transition from an agrarian to an industrial society. By studying a traditional form of female wage work – handicrafts – during a period when women were not expected to be gainfully employed, the thesis has shown that this transition was a slow process that manifested itself differently on different levels and that the old agrarian gender order survived for a long time despite the fact that people’s means of making a living had changed in a fundamental way. Women’s handicraft work was a continuing feature during this transitional period.</p>

The principal purpose of this thesis has been to analyse the importance of women´s waged work with handicrafts for the household economy in the Swedish countryside during a period of rapid industrialisation and growth. The point of departure for the analysis has been a theoretical and methodological frame of interpretation on three levels. The levels that have been studied are the national institutional level of society, the level of the local society and the household level. This thesis has shown that women’s ways of providing for themselves cannot be explained with reference to any one factor. The explanation for the gender division of labour must be seen as the result of the interplay of several different factors on different levels. By investigating how the conditions for making a living looked like on the three different levels, the thesis has shown that, together, factors on the national institutional and the local societal levels, as well as on the individual household level, affected women’s work and how it can be understood. The thesis has described how the ideal of the breadwinner has changed during the transition from an agrarian to an industrial society. By studying a traditional form of female wage work – handicrafts – during a period when women were not expected to be gainfully employed, the thesis has shown that this transition was a slow process that manifested itself differently on different levels and that the old agrarian gender order survived for a long time despite the fact that people’s means of making a living had changed in a fundamental way. Women’s handicraft work was a continuing feature during this transitional period.

La parròquia, poc valorada per la historiografia medieval, fou una la institució fonamental per a l'ordenació de la societat rural del bisbat de Girona entre els segles X i XIV. Constituïa un territori ben delimitat, els habitants del qual rebien els sagraments eclesiàstics dels clergues que regien l'església i, a través de l'obreria i dels obrers, participaven en la gestió del temple i de la seva economia. La parròquia va incidir directament en l'ordenació del poblament rural a través tant dels nuclis eclesials o "celleres" com dels masos dispersos pel terme d'una parròquia. A més, la parròquia era una important font de rendes: a través de la documentació generada pel bisbe de Girona, el delme era una renda en mans, sobretot, de senyors feudals, cavallers i importants institucions eclesiàstiques; els clergues parroquials només rebien les primícies i altres drets de menor valor. Finalment, la parròquia contribuí enormement a la configuració de les comunitats rurals de bona part del bisbat de Girona. / The parish, undervalued by the medieval historiography, was a fundamental institution for the arrangement of the rural society of the diocese of Girona between the 10th and the 13th centuries. It was a well delimited territory, whose inhabitants received the ecclesiastic sacraments of the clergymen who ruled the church and, across the fabric fund and the churchwardens, they took part in the management of the parish and of its economy. The parish influenced directly in the organisation of the rural settlement not only through the ecclesiastical villages, or "celleres", but also through the isolated manses into the boundaries of the parish. Besides, the parish was an important source of revenues: through the documentation generated by the bishop of Girona, the tithe appears as a revenue mainly in hands of feudal lords, gentlemen and important ecclesiastic institutions; the parochial clergymen only were receiving the first fruits, or "primícies", and other rights of minor value. Finally, the parish contributed significantly in the rural communities configuration of most of the diocese of Girona.

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-31T21:45:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NadjaCP_DISSERT.pdf: 989771 bytes, checksum: ddc31efadd8c4d10cf25f5b3f1bd085b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-31T21:45:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NadjaCP_DISSERT.pdf: 989771 bytes, checksum: ddc31efadd8c4d10cf25f5b3f1bd085b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Environmental quality has been much discussed as a result of human awareness of the sustainable use of natural resources, although restricted conservation actions are being developed. In the panorama of environmental impacts from agriculture it is common to observe the decrease in soil quality and the difficulty of quantifying the loss of these attributes as well as the environmental partner perception of the main actors in the rural context. In view of this problem, the objective was to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil In tobacco growing areas based on soil environmental quality index, as well as to evaluate the environmental partner impact of this activity according to the perception of farmers and rural agents of the city of Pilões/RN through semi-structured interviews. It was possible to improve the environmental quality for P, Ca, Mg and Al in relation to the native forest, unlike the changes observed for CE, pH and Al + H, which did not present favorable results for soil quality. According to the environmental partner perception of the producers and rural agents, the cultivation of tobacco has negatively altered the environment in which they live, even though these farmers know good practices for the preservation of the soil. According to the interviewees, the main dissatisfaction generated by the tobacco company installed in the municipality was the absence of contribution to the social development of Pilões, however, tobacco production represented a major source of income and job creation for the municipality of Pilões. / A qualidade ambiental tem sido bastante discutida em decorrência da conscientização humana do uso sustentável dos recursos naturais, ainda que restritas ações de conservação estejam sendo desenvolvidas. No panorama de impactos ambientais provenientes da agricultura é comum observar a diminuição da qualidade do solo e a dificuldade de quantificar a perda desses atributos bem como a percepção socioambiental dos principais atores do âmbito rural Diante dessa problemática, objetivou-se avaliar os atributos químicos do solo em áreas de cultivo de fumo com base em índice de qualidade ambiental do solo, bem como avaliar o impacto socioambiental dessa atividade segundo a percepção de produtores e agentes rurais do município de Pilões/RN através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foi possível conferir melhoria da qualidade ambiental para P, Ca, Mg e Al em relação à mata nativa, diferentemente das alterações verificadas para CE, pH e Al+H, que não apresentaram resultados favoráveis à qualidade do solo. Conforme a percepção socioambiental dos produtores e agentes rurais, o cultivo de fumo alterou negativamente o ambiente em que vivem apesar desses agricultores conhecerem boas práticas para a preservação do solo. De acordo com os entrevistados a principal insatisfação gerada pela empresa fumageira instalada no município foi a ausência de aporte ao desenvolvimento social de Pilões, contudo a fumicultura representou maior fonte de renda e geração de empregos para o município de Pilões / 2017-03-31

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:55:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Irene_Spies_Adamy.pdf: 2611584 bytes, checksum: b37f416b06db6a07f45537eac96ffb2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 / The present study refers to the formation and organization of the Agrarian fraction of the upper class in the West of Paraná. It also analyzes its union, called Rural Society of the West of Paraná (SRO). The formation of that fraction happened in two different moments: the first one happened when the land was occupied, a process that interfered directly in the land titling issue. The city of Cascavel is influenced by the presence of large land properties and by the economic and political power of their owners. The second moment refers to the conservative modernization of the Brazilian fields, which contributed to the consolidation of the agricultural land-owners power .However, this process is not absolute and undisputed. In the decade of 1980, the Brazil s Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) appears as a movement in national basis, struggling for the Agrarian Reform and for a new model for the production and use of the land in Brazilian agriculture, which caused conflicts and confrontations, many of them involving violence and death. The SRO is a space for the land-owners to establish their leadership and to organize themselves in order to maintain their hegemonic condition, revealing their conservative way of thinking. Therefore, the present study intends to analyze the SRO organization and its moves to maintain its power, according to the theory written by Antonio Gramsci / Este estudo refere-se à formação e organização política da fração agrária da classe dominante na região Oeste do Paraná, a partir de sua entidade de classe, a Sociedade Rural do Oeste do Paraná. A origem desta fração de classe encontra-se em dois momentos distintos: o primeiro, quando da ocupação e (re)ocupação da terra, cujo processo interferiu diretamente na estrutura fundiária do município de Cascavel, marcada pela presença do latifúndio, base material sobre a qual se assenta o poder econômico e político dos agropecuaristas; e, o segundo, quando da modernização conservadora implantada no campo brasileiro durante as décadas de 1960, 1970 e 1980, que contribuiu para consolidar o latifúndio e o poder de seus proprietários. Porém este poder não é absoluto e inconteste. Ainda na década de 1980, o MST assumiu sua condição de movimento social em nível nacional, na luta por reforma agrária e por um novo modelo de uso da terra e de produção para a agricultura brasileira, desencadeando conflitos e confrontos, não poucas vezes marcados pela violência e morte. Neste enfrentamento, os grandes proprietários rurais tiveram na SRO o seu espaço de organização, mobilização e liderança nas ações efetivadas, revelando seu caráter classista e conservador. Portanto, este trabalho busca analisar, a luz da teoria de Antonio Gramsci, como esta fração de classe vem se organizando e reorganizando, a fim de manter sua condição hegemônica