abstract: Background: Previous research suggests a healthy eater schema (i.e., identifying yourself as a healthy eater) may be a useful concept to target in interventions. A "stealth" intervention that discussed the moral issues related to food worked better at promoting healthful eating than an intervention focused on the health benefits. No research has explored the relationship between moral foundations, a theoretical model focused on delineating core "foundations" for making a moral decision, and healthy eater self-identity or self-efficacy. Purpose: We explored the relationship between moral foundations (i.e., harm/care, fairness/reciprocity, in-group/loyalty, authority/respect, & purity/sanctity) and health eater self-identity and fruit and vegetable self-efficacy (FVSE). Methods: 542 participants completed an online cross-sectional survey, which included moral foundations (i.e., MFQ), political views, healthy eater self-identity (i.e., HESS), and FVSE measures. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between moral foundations between healthy eater self-identity after controlling for age, gender, major, BMI, and political beliefs. OLS regression was used to explore the relationship between self-efficacy and the moral foundations after controlling for the covariates. Results: 75.6% of the sample were college students, with a mean age of 25.27 (SD=8.61). 25.1% of students were nutrition majors. Harm/care, authority/respect, and ingroup/loyalty were significantly associated with healthy eater schema, (i.e., OR=1.7, p<.001, OR=1.5, p=.009, and OR=1.4, p=.027, respectively). Ingroup/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity were related to FVSE (p=.006, p=.002, p=.04, respectively). Conclusion: Among college students, harm/care and authority/respect were associated with a healthy eater schema. Future research should explore possible uses of these moral foundations in interventions (e.g., a plant-based diet based on reduced harm to animals or eating fewer processed views based on "traditional" values). / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Nutrition 2013

GRAIL is a Java library for capturing and manipulating graphs. It is used in the VizzAnalyzer reengineering tool developed at Växjö University that allows quality analysis of software systems. GXL is a standard exchange format for software data in graph structure, mainly used within the field of software reengineering that is widely supported in other tools within the same field. It is important for VizzAnalyzer to support GXL as an exchange format to allow collaboration with other tools on this basis. As the goal of this thesis, a GXL graph serializer/deserialize architecture for GRAIL has been developed that allows data exchange between VizzAnalyzer and other tools that support the GXL format. VizzAnalyzer is capable of analyzing large software systems and therefore the task required special attention on high performance and low memory footprint even with large GXL graph structures.

Grail is an open source graph library, which is developed at the MSI of Växjö University, tools like the VizzAnalyzer and vizz3d use Grail for representing their internal structures. In this thesis, an adapter serializing and deserializing Grail graphs to and from XMI is introduced. XMI is short for XML Metadata Interchange; it is developed by the Object Management Group (OMG).

Aplicações ditas não convencionais, como, por exemplo, CAD, CASE, Automação de Escritórios, entre outras, freqüentemente exigem a manutenção de diversos estados da base de dados, retendo o histórico das modificações realizadas. Como resposta a tal requisito, é empregado o conceito de Versão. Neste trabalho o Modelo de Versões proposto por Golendziner é empregado no contexto da evolução de esquemas. Versões são utilizadas para armazenar os diferentes estados do esquema, de suas classes e métodos e, ainda, para posterior adaptação das instancias vigentes no banco de dados, mantendo um histórico da evolução do esquema do banco de dados. É proposto um modelo flexível de suporte a evolução de esquemas em bancos de dados orientados a objetos, bem como estratégias de propagação das instancias vigentes na base de dados. O histórico das modificações é representado pela derivação de versões do esquema e de seus elementos. Os estados anteriores as transformações são preservados, permitindo aos usuários a navegação retroativa e proativa entre versões, para realização de operações consistentes de modificação e consulta. / Non-conventional applications such as CAD, CASE, office automation often require the maintenance of various database states, to keep track of the history of the performed updates. The concept of version is employed to support such requirement. In this work, the version model proposed by Golendziner is used in the schema evolution context. Versions are used to store the different states of the schema, classes and methods, as well as for the mapping of database instances among the various schema versions, thus keeping the history of the database schema evolution. A flexible model is proposed to support schema evolution in object-oriented databases, as well as the strategies to propagate the corresponding changes to the database instances. Versions of schema, as well as versions of the schema elements represent their evolution history. In the proposed model, previous states are preserved allowing the user to make queries about consistency and modifications in both backward and forward version.

O casamento entre esquemas XML e esquemas relacionais é necessário em diversas aplicações, tais como integração de informação e intercâmbio de dados. Tipicamente o casamento de esquemas é um processo manual, talvez suportado por uma interface grá ca. No entanto, o casamento manual de esquemas muito grandes é um processo dispendioso e sujeito a erros. Disto surge a necessidade de técnicas (semi)-automáticas de casamento de esquemas que auxiliem o usuário fornecendo sugestões de casamento, dessa forma reduzindo o esforço manual aplicado nesta tarefa. Apesar deste tema já ter sido estudado na literatura, o casamento entre esquemas XML e esquemas relacionais é ainda um tema em aberto. Isto porque os trabalhos existentes ou se aplicam para esquemas de nidos no mesmo modelo, ou são genéricos demais para o problema em questão. O objetivo desta dissertação é o desenvolvimento de técnicas especí cas para o casamento de esquemas XML e esquemas relacionais. Tais técnicas exploram as particularidades existentes entre estes esquemas para inferir valores de similaridade entre eles. As técnicas propostas são avaliadas através de experimentos com esquemas do mundo real. / The matching between XML schemas and relational schemas has many applications, such as information integration and data exchange. Typically, schema matching is done manually by domain experts, sometimes using a graphical tool. However, the matching of large schemas is a time consuming and error-prone task. The use of (semi-)automatic schema matching techniques can help the user in nding the correct matches, thereby reducing his labor. The schema matching problem has already been addressed in the literature. Nevertheless, the matching of XML schemas and relational schemas is still an open issue. This comes from the fact that the existing work is whether speci c for schemas designed in the same model, or too generic for the problem in discussion. The mais goal of this dissertation is to develop speci c techniques for the matching of XML schemas and relational schemas. Such techniques exploit the particularities found when analyzing the two schemas together, and use these cues to leverage the matching process. The techniques are evaluated by running experiments with real-world schemas.

No presente estudo, propomos o exame do problema da função simbólica nos primeiros trabalhos de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Mais especificamente, trata-se de abordar a posição do problema n\' \"A estrutura do comportamento\", obra publicada em 1942, e sua retomada crítica na \"Fenomenologia da percepção\", publicada em 1945. Esse tema, pouco explicitado pelo filósofo, é também objeto de raros debates entre seus comentadores. Em seu primeiro trabalho, Merleau-Ponty, apropriando-se da semântica do símbolo advinda da neuropsiquiatria do início do século XX, caracterizara o nível de organização da corporalidade humana a partir da sua capacidade de ultrapassar o caráter imediato das situações vividas. A atitude categorial, ou simbólica, aparecia, então, como uma nova significação do comportamento, tendo em vista as formas sincrética e amovível do comportamento encontradas na escala zoológica. A atividade humana investiria o meio de virtualidade e, assim, redimensionaria a existência concreta que se denota no comportamento animal. Nos capítulos da \"Fenomenologia da percepção\" em que Merleau-Ponty trata da espacialidade, da motricidade e da expressividade do corpo próprio, do mesmo modo que o autor prescinde das explicações causais dos fenômenos patológicos utilizados à guisa de material de discussão, ele prescinde das explicações calcadas na função simbólica, doravante associadas a análises de cunho intelectualista. O filósofo combate, tanto na neuropsiquiatria representada especialmente por Gelb e Goldstein quanto na filosofia de Cassirer, o que considera representar uma autonomia crescente da ideação simbólica na dinâmica entre conteúdo e forma. Ao mesmo tempo, Merleau-Ponty nos faz ver que, nessa neuropsiquiatria e nessa filosofia do símbolo, é possível apreender análises fenomenológicas acerca da expressividade motora, gesticular e linguageira do corpo próprio. Tais análises revelam, nele, uma forma de saber que não se reduz nem à ordem do em si nem à ordem do para si, delineando, portanto, a noção de intencionalidade que interessa ao filósofo desenvolver, fundada na unidade sinérgica do corpo próprio. Daí a importância que um outro dispositivo teórico-antropológico adquire ao longo da \"Fenomenologia da percepção\": a noção de esquema corporal. / In this study, we aim to investigate the problem of the symbolic function in Maurice Merleau-Ponty\'s first works. More specifically, we address the position of that problem in \"The Structure of Behavior\", published in 1942, and its critical review in the \"Phenomenology of perception\", published in 1945. This theme, on which the philosopher provided few specifications, is also a source of rare debates among his commentators. In his first work, Merleau-Ponty, using the semantics of the symbol from early 20th-century neuropsychiatry, characterizes the organizational level of human corporality based on its ability to go beyond the immediate nature of the experienced situations. The categorial or symbolic attitude seemed to be a new signification of behavior, in view of the synchretic and movable forms of behavior found on the zoological scale. Human activity would imbue the environment with virtuality and, thus, redimension the concrete existence denoted in animal behavior. In those chapters of the \"Phenomenology of perception\" in which Merleau-Ponty discusses the spatiality, motricity and expressiveness of the own body, in the same way as the author does without the causal explanations of the pathological phenomena used as discussion material, he dispenses with the explanations traced in the symbolic function, hereafter associated with intellectualist analyses. The philosopher combats, both in the neuropsychiatry particularly represented by Gelb and Goldstein and in Cassirer\'s philosophy, what he considers to represent a growing autonomy of the symbolic idea in the dynamics between content and form. At the same time, Merleau-Ponty makes us see that, in this neuropsychiatry and philosophy of the symbol, phenomenological analyses can be apprehended about motor, gesture and language expressions of the own body. These analyses reveal a form of knowing that is reduced neither to the order of in itself nor to the order of for itself, thus outlining the notion of intentionality which the philosopher wants to develop, based on the synergical unit of the own body. This explains the importance another theoretical-anthropological device gains in the \"Phenomenology of perception\": the notion of body schema.

La linguistique cognitive considère les structures langagières comme le reflet de structures conceptuelles sous-jacentes. Les schèmes-images font partie de ces structures. Ils sont construits et abstraits à partir de l’expérience incorporée et socialement située du monde, ce qui leur confère à la fois une assise culturelle et sensori-motrice. Le présent travail confirme qu’il est possible, sur les bases théoriques édifiées par Lakoff et Johnson (1987), d’en identifier les réalisations lexicales et syntaxiques, en observant les usages langagiers. La thèse que nous soumettons aborde plus spécifiquement le schème-image du CHEMIN (PATH-schema). Pour mener cette analyse, nous ancrons nos recherches dans deux corpus. Le premier fait état de tous les types de chemins répertoriés en linguistique cognitive, à partir d’une centaine d’unités verbales, incluses dans 500 occurrences. Le second s’intéresse à quatre items verbaux, come, go, rise, et fall, répartis sur un millier d’exemples. Notre objectif consiste à discerner les charges morphosyntaxiques et les variantes sémantiques du schème du chemin. Ce faisant, nous inscrivons la corporéité – ou du moins son réinvestissement symbolique - au cœur de notre étude. Par « corporéité », nous entendons la conceptualisation et la figuration du rapport incarné du sujet au monde, les traces que laissent ces représentations dans l’organisation du lexique et des constructions. Nos corpus présentent une quantité importante de verbes, qui révèlent des états de fait abstraits. Ces emplois nous conduiront à explorer le statut du schème du chemin, tant dans sa réalisation morphosyntaxique que dans son contenu sémantique, lorsque ce schème sous-tend les extensions sémantiques des verbes étudiés. Nos questionnements sur la polysémie des verbes, sur leur définition d’un point de vue prototypique et sur leur grammaticalisation éventuelle, contribueront à révéler la réalité cognitive du schème analysé. Enfin, la quantité importante d’emplois « abstraits » des verbes, nous amènera à questionner la corporéité, telle que la linguistique cognitive la définit. / Linguistic structures are considered to be underlain by conceptual structures in cognitive linguistics. Image schemas belong to these structures. Schemas are shaped on the basis of bodily and socially-anchored experience, which gives them a cultural and sensor-motor status. The present study demonstrates that syntactic and lexical characteristics of image-schemas can be identified, on the basis of Lakoff and Johnson’s theories (1987), while examining language usages. This study specifically focuses on the PATH-schema, which will be investigated through two corpus-based analyses. The first sample of occurrences, made up of 500 examples, is a corpus-illustrated analysis, which exemplifies all the types of paths that have been elaborated in cognitive linguistics. The second sample of occurrences is a corpus-driven analysis, made up of 1000 examples, which are divided into four verbs’ usages, i.e. come, go, rise, and fall. We are aiming at detecting the syntactic and semantic patterns of the PATH-schema. Our goal leads us to examine the notion of « embodiment », namely the conceptualization and the evidence of the embodied link of the individual to the environment, left in lexical constructions. Our data display several verbs involved in abstract descriptions. These usages will lead us to explore the status of the PATH-schema, and focus on its syntactic and semantic specificities, particularly when this schema underlies semantic extensions of come, go, rise, and fall. Issues concerning the verbs’ polysemy, their prototypical definition, and their potential grammaticalization, will contribute to revealing the cognitive reality of the PATH-schema. Finally, the quantity of verbs’ « abstract » usages, will lead us to investigate the notion of « embodiment », as cognitive linguistics defines it.

I den här litteraturstudien var syftet att undersöka hur lärare undervisar för att eleverna ska utveckla en godproblemlösningsförmåga inom matematik. Fokus i studien var på elever i de tidiga skolåren. Data har samlats in genommanuell sökning samt genom databaserna ERIC, UniSearch och ArtikelSök. Resultatet visade att det finns flera faktorer iundervisningen som påverkar hur väl elevers problemlösningsförmåga utvecklas. Valet av undervisningsmetod, valet avlösningsstrategier som undervisas samt hur väl läraren anpassar undervisningen efter elevernas förutsättningar är faktorersom påverkar hur väl elevernas problemlösningsförmåga utvecklas.

Detta arbete går ut på att undersöka om det är möjligt att förbättra strategisk och taktisk styrning genom systemstöd som använder datalager och möjliggör analys av nyckeltal och simulering i du Pont scheman. Systemet skall presentera BAS-nyckeltal grafiskt och i du Pont scheman och skall möjliggöra avvikelseanalys i nyckeltal. Data skall extraheras från affärssystem periodiskt, t.ex. månadsvis, och tillsammans med alla BAS-nyckeltal lagras i ett datalager. Det skall också vara möjligt att lagra budgeterade nyckeltal. Syftet är att möjliggöra analyser av hur nyckeltal avviker från budgeterade och trendanalys av nyckeltal. Målgrupp för verktyget är ledningspersonal i små och medelstora företag.

This essay examines the differences and similarities, weaknesses and strengths of the two Cognitive Semantic theories Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Principled Polysemy Approach to Meaning Analysis. To illustrate the two theories, the Swedish verb-particle construction "gå upp" is examined and analyzed accordingly. The results showed differences in the number of polysemous meaning found. The methodological evaluation showed that the differences in the underlying ideas concerning meaning-construction behind these two theories make them incompatible.