This dissertation deals with the topic of after-school care facilities. It develops a profound description of the functions of the after-school care facilities in all aspects of their activities. The after-school facilities are included amongst school institutions; they are one of the most important organisations when it comes to the free time of children from the first school. Despite that, they have not been given much attention. This dissertation brings, in its theoretical part, the basic information about the environment and function of the after-school care facilities, the personality of their educators but it also characterises the children from the first school for whom the facilities are intended. In the practical part, it expounds the environment of the after-school care facilities in the deep description of their organisational matters and activities. It also brings the analysis of the main benefits for children and seeks to find the possibilities of improvement of the functions of the after-school care facilities from the points of views of the educators working there. This dissertation also brings the opinions of the educators; it shows which activities they think are the most popular amongst children. A significant part of the practical part deals with individual activities; organised...

Introdução: O critério diagnóstico da síndrome metabólica na infância não está bem estabelecido, entretanto sua presença e dos seus componentes, já estão presentes, predominantemente, nas crianças com excesso de peso. Poucos estudos na população infantil mostram a influência do consumo alimentar na prevalência da síndrome metabólica. Objetivo: Verificar a relação dos fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e dietéticos com os componentes da síndrome metabólica em escolares com excesso de peso provenientes de três escolas do ensino fundamental com ofertas alimentares distintas (Botucatu-SP). Metodologia: Foram incluídas 147 crianças com excesso de peso (51,7% meninas e 62,6% obesidade) na faixa etária de 6 a 10 anos de três escolas com administração e sistema alimentar distintos (privada, pública municipal e filantrópica). Foram coletados dados antropométricos, bioquímicos, demográficos, socioeconômico, da pressão arterial e do consumo alimentar. Este foi avaliado por três recordatórios de 24horas. Estes dados foram relacionados com os componentes da síndrome metabólica (circunferência abdominal, triacilglicerol, glicemia, HDL-C e pressão arterial). Análise de regressão linear múltipla foi usada para avaliar a relação entre os componentes da síndrome metabólica e dados demográficos, socioeconômico e dietéticos. Resultados: A prevalência de síndrome metabólica foi de 10,2%, sendo maior nas crianças obesas, com %gordura corporal elevada e menor nas crianças da classe econômica superior (A2), sem diferença entre os gêneros. Os componentes da síndrome metabólica com maiores percentuais de alteração foram: circunferência abdominal, HDL-C e triaciglicerol. O consumo de carboidratos, lipídios totais, colesterol e carne estava dentro da recomendação; houve consumo excessivo de proteína, gordura saturada e açúcar e insuficiente de gordura monoinsaturada, polinsaturada, fibras, leguminosas, cereais, hortaliças, frutas e produtos lácteos. O componente da síndrome metabólica com maior interferência da dieta foi a trigliceridemia, esta com relação direta com o consumo de: gordura saturada, colesterol, produtos lácteos integrais e alimentos processados com elevado teor de açúcar e gordura. A trigliceridemia relacionou-se inversamente com a ingestão de leguminosas. A glicemia mostrou relação positiva com alimentos processados com elevado teor de açúcar e gordura e negativa com cereais. O HDL-C apresentou relação inversa com alimentos com elevado teor de açúcar e gordura. O sistema alimentar escolar que reunia a minoria desses fatores nutricionais de risco foi o filantrópico, no qual nenhuma criança teve o diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica. Conclusão: A prevalência dos componentes da síndrome metabólica não teve influência do gênero, desenvolvimento puberal e escolaridade dos pais. Com relação ao consumo alimentar, a presença dos componentes da síndrome metabólica foi influenciada pela ingestão excessiva de alimentos ricos em gordura saturada e açúcar. O tipo de alimentação oferecido na escola filantrópica, composta predominante por alimentos \"in natura\", pode ter contribuído para o menor percentual de alterações lipídicas e ausência de síndrome metabólica. Este estudo serve de base para intervenção precoce e elaboração de programas de educação nutricional no ambiente escolar. / Introduction: The definition of childhood metabolic syndrome is not well established, however, this syndrome and its components are diagnosed mainly in overweight children. Few studies have reported the influence of food intake on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between demographics, socioeconomic and dietary factors with metabolic syndrome components on overweight children from three elementary schools receiving different food options (Botucatu-SP). Methods: The study included 147 overweight children (51.7% of girls and 62.6% obese children) aged 6 to 10 years from three different Administrative systems and feeding options (private, public and non-governmental) school. Anthropometric, biochemical, demographic, socioeconomic, blood pressure and food consumption values were measured. Food intake was evaluated using three-day, 24-hour dietary recalls. These data were linked with the metabolic syndrome components (waist circumference, triglycerides, glycemia, HDL-C and blood pressure). Multiple linear regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome components and demographic, socioeconomic and dietary values. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 10.2% and it was more prevalent in obese children, with high body fat percentage and less prevalent in children from high economic class (A2), with no difference between concerning gender. The most frequently affected components of metabolic syndrome were: waist circumference, HDL-C and triglycerides. The values of carbohydrate, total fat, cholesterol and meat were in accordance with recommendations; high intake of protein, saturated fat and sugar; and insufficient low intake of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat, fiber, cereal, vegetables, legumes, fruits and milk. Triglycerides was the most affected parameter by diet, with direct relationship with saturated fat, cholesterol, milk and processed foods with high percentage of sugar and fat, and indirect relationship with legumes. The glycemia showed a direct relationship with processed foods with high percentage of sugar and fat and indirect relationship with cereals. The HDL-C presented an indirect relationship with high percentage of sugar and fat foods. The non-governmental school presented the least intake of these dietary risk factors with no case of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Gender, pubertal stage and parent´s education did not affect the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was affect by high intake of foods rich in saturated fat and sugar. The kind of food offered in non-governmental school prepared mainly with \"natural food\" may have contributed to lower the percentage of dislipidemia and absence of metabolic syndrome. This finding is important to implement intervention and nutrition programs in the school environment.

São poucas as investigações do estado nutricional de escolares, especialmente aqueles na faixa etária entre 9 e 12 anos que especifiquem o estágio de maturação sexual e que sejam norteados por parâmetros bioquímicos de avaliação de estado nutricional relativo a minerais, especialmente em relação ao zinco. ° presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional relativo ao zinco de escolares neste estágio de vida, de duas redes de ensino, pública e particular, de São João da Boa Vista/ SP, em três momentos ao longo de um ano (T1, T2 e T3), com intervalos de 4 meses. Para a avaliação antropométrica foram utilizados o IMC e a porcentagem de gordura corporal, esta última por meio da aferição de dobras cutâneas. A ingestão dietética foi analisada por programa de computador a partir de um recordatório de 24h e dois registros alimentares, e sua adequação foi avaliada pelas DRls(IOM, 2000). As concentrações de zinco plasmática, urinária e eritrocitária foram determinadas por espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica (comprimento de onda = 213,9 nm). Dos escolares avaliados, 19% estavam com o IMC&#8804;P15, sendo predominantemente do sexo feminino e da rede particular, 53% estavam com IMC=P15>P50<P85, e 28% estavam com o IMC&#8805;85, sendo predominantemente do sexo masculino e da rede pública. No T1(n=102), 12% dos escolares de ambos os sexos estavam inadequados para zinco plasmático; 32% e 37% com dieta deficiente em zinco e 81 % e 86% com deficiência de zinco eritrocitário, respectivamente para o sexo feminino e masculino. No T2 (n=92), 24% e 20% estavam inadequados para zinco plasmático, 45% e 38% com dieta deficiente em zinco, 65% e 56% com baixa excreção urinária, e 71 % e 63% com deficiência de zinco eritrocitário, respectivamente para o sexo feminino e masculino. No T3 (n=81), 39% e 4% estavam inadequados para zinco plasmático, 47% e 27% com dieta deficiente em zinco, 53% e 48% com baixa excreção urinária, e 63% e 44% com deficiência de zinco eritrocitário, respectivamente para o sexo feminino e masculino. Os resultados indicam inadequação do estado nutricional em relação ao zinco, com baixa ingestão e reservas reduzidas do mineral nos estoques teciduais, representando risco para esta população que se encontra em fase de intenso crescimento e proliferação celular. / Investigations on the nutritional status of schoolchildren are rare, especially those ones for children between 9 and 12 years old which indicate their pubertal maturation, and are directed by biochemical parameters of nutritional status in relation to minerais, mainly zinco The objective of the present study was the evaluation of the nutritional status of zinc at schoolchildren aged between 9 and 12 year old at public and private schools in São João da Boa Vista, SP (Brazil) considering three different times along one year (T1 , T2 e T3), with 4 months interval each. The anthropometric evaluation was done by body mass index (BMI) and the percentage of total body fat, this one by skinfold measurements. A software analyzed diet information based on one 24h recall and 2-d food records, and its adequacy was evaluated by DRls (10M, 2000). Zinc nutritional status was evaluated by zinc determination in plasma, erythrocyte, and 24h urine, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Iambda = 213.9 nm). Out of the schoolchildren evaluated 19% presented BMI&#8804;P15, being the majority female attending private schools, 53% showed BMI=P15>P50<P85, and 28% with IMC&#8805;85, being the majority males attending public schools. At T1 (n=102), 12% of the children of both sexes was inadequate in terms of plasmatic zinc; 32% and 37% deficient in dietetic zinc and 81 % and 86% deficient in erythrocytic zinc, for female and males respectively. At T2 (n=92), 24% and 20% were inadequate for plasmatic zinc, 45% and 38% deficient in dietetic zinc, 65% and 56% presenting low 24h urine zinc, and 71 % and 63% deficient in erythrocytic zinc, for female and males respectively. At T3 (n=81), 39% and 4% were inadequate in plasmatic zinc, 47% and 27% deficient in dietetic zinc, 53% and 48% presenting low 24h urine zinc, and 63% and 44% deficient in erythrocytic zinc, for female and males respectively. The results indicate inadequacy of the nutritional status in relation to zinc with low intake and reduced reserves of the mineral at the tissue stocks, meaning risk for that population at an intense growth and cellular proliferation.

Introdução: O critério diagnóstico da síndrome metabólica na infância não está bem estabelecido, entretanto sua presença e dos seus componentes, já estão presentes, predominantemente, nas crianças com excesso de peso. Poucos estudos na população infantil mostram a influência do consumo alimentar na prevalência da síndrome metabólica. Objetivo: Verificar a relação dos fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e dietéticos com os componentes da síndrome metabólica em escolares com excesso de peso provenientes de três escolas do ensino fundamental com ofertas alimentares distintas (Botucatu-SP). Metodologia: Foram incluídas 147 crianças com excesso de peso (51,7% meninas e 62,6% obesidade) na faixa etária de 6 a 10 anos de três escolas com administração e sistema alimentar distintos (privada, pública municipal e filantrópica). Foram coletados dados antropométricos, bioquímicos, demográficos, socioeconômico, da pressão arterial e do consumo alimentar. Este foi avaliado por três recordatórios de 24horas. Estes dados foram relacionados com os componentes da síndrome metabólica (circunferência abdominal, triacilglicerol, glicemia, HDL-C e pressão arterial). Análise de regressão linear múltipla foi usada para avaliar a relação entre os componentes da síndrome metabólica e dados demográficos, socioeconômico e dietéticos. Resultados: A prevalência de síndrome metabólica foi de 10,2%, sendo maior nas crianças obesas, com %gordura corporal elevada e menor nas crianças da classe econômica superior (A2), sem diferença entre os gêneros. Os componentes da síndrome metabólica com maiores percentuais de alteração foram: circunferência abdominal, HDL-C e triaciglicerol. O consumo de carboidratos, lipídios totais, colesterol e carne estava dentro da recomendação; houve consumo excessivo de proteína, gordura saturada e açúcar e insuficiente de gordura monoinsaturada, polinsaturada, fibras, leguminosas, cereais, hortaliças, frutas e produtos lácteos. O componente da síndrome metabólica com maior interferência da dieta foi a trigliceridemia, esta com relação direta com o consumo de: gordura saturada, colesterol, produtos lácteos integrais e alimentos processados com elevado teor de açúcar e gordura. A trigliceridemia relacionou-se inversamente com a ingestão de leguminosas. A glicemia mostrou relação positiva com alimentos processados com elevado teor de açúcar e gordura e negativa com cereais. O HDL-C apresentou relação inversa com alimentos com elevado teor de açúcar e gordura. O sistema alimentar escolar que reunia a minoria desses fatores nutricionais de risco foi o filantrópico, no qual nenhuma criança teve o diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica. Conclusão: A prevalência dos componentes da síndrome metabólica não teve influência do gênero, desenvolvimento puberal e escolaridade dos pais. Com relação ao consumo alimentar, a presença dos componentes da síndrome metabólica foi influenciada pela ingestão excessiva de alimentos ricos em gordura saturada e açúcar. O tipo de alimentação oferecido na escola filantrópica, composta predominante por alimentos \"in natura\", pode ter contribuído para o menor percentual de alterações lipídicas e ausência de síndrome metabólica. Este estudo serve de base para intervenção precoce e elaboração de programas de educação nutricional no ambiente escolar. / Introduction: The definition of childhood metabolic syndrome is not well established, however, this syndrome and its components are diagnosed mainly in overweight children. Few studies have reported the influence of food intake on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between demographics, socioeconomic and dietary factors with metabolic syndrome components on overweight children from three elementary schools receiving different food options (Botucatu-SP). Methods: The study included 147 overweight children (51.7% of girls and 62.6% obese children) aged 6 to 10 years from three different Administrative systems and feeding options (private, public and non-governmental) school. Anthropometric, biochemical, demographic, socioeconomic, blood pressure and food consumption values were measured. Food intake was evaluated using three-day, 24-hour dietary recalls. These data were linked with the metabolic syndrome components (waist circumference, triglycerides, glycemia, HDL-C and blood pressure). Multiple linear regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome components and demographic, socioeconomic and dietary values. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 10.2% and it was more prevalent in obese children, with high body fat percentage and less prevalent in children from high economic class (A2), with no difference between concerning gender. The most frequently affected components of metabolic syndrome were: waist circumference, HDL-C and triglycerides. The values of carbohydrate, total fat, cholesterol and meat were in accordance with recommendations; high intake of protein, saturated fat and sugar; and insufficient low intake of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat, fiber, cereal, vegetables, legumes, fruits and milk. Triglycerides was the most affected parameter by diet, with direct relationship with saturated fat, cholesterol, milk and processed foods with high percentage of sugar and fat, and indirect relationship with legumes. The glycemia showed a direct relationship with processed foods with high percentage of sugar and fat and indirect relationship with cereals. The HDL-C presented an indirect relationship with high percentage of sugar and fat foods. The non-governmental school presented the least intake of these dietary risk factors with no case of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Gender, pubertal stage and parent´s education did not affect the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was affect by high intake of foods rich in saturated fat and sugar. The kind of food offered in non-governmental school prepared mainly with \"natural food\" may have contributed to lower the percentage of dislipidemia and absence of metabolic syndrome. This finding is important to implement intervention and nutrition programs in the school environment.

No description available.

Actualment es considera que entre el 60 i el 80% de les persones han sofert o sofriran en qualque moment de la seva vida algun tipus de mal vertebral. En general, quasi tres quartes parts dels mals d'esquena no tenen causa orgànica precisa, i es precisa de l'estudi dels factors de risc associats a la seva aparició.En el present estudi s'exposa el procés d'elaboració i aplicació d'un protocol d'intervenció per a la prevenció del mal d'esquena en escolars d'entre 10 i 12 de Mallorca, i l'avaluació de la seva efectivitat després de la intervenció i al cap de tres mesos, analitzant l'efecte sobre variables relacionades amb l'autopercepció, la higiene postural quotidiana, i les motxilles escolares.Els resultats mostren millores significatives en els tres grups de variables esmentats, de manera que la promoció de la salut a les escoles és possible mitjançant l'aplicació d'estratègies d'intervenció bassades en l'educació postural. / Actualmente, entre el 60 y 80% de las personas han sufrido o sufrirán en algún momento de su vida dolor de espalda y casi tres cuartas partes de este mal no tiene causa orgánica determinada, precisándose del estudio de factores de riesgo asociados a su aparición. El presente estudio expone el proceso de elaboración y aplicación de un protocolo de intervención para la prevención del dolor de espalda en escolares de entre 10 y 12 de Mallorca, y la evaluación de su efectividad tras la intervención y a la cabo de tres meses, analizando el efecto sobre variables relacionadas con la autopercepción, la higiene postural cotidiana, y las mochilas escolares. Los resultados muestran mejoras significativas en los tres grupos de variables mencionados, de manera que la promoción de la salud en las escuelas es posible mediante la aplicación de estrategias de intervención basadas en la educación postural.

Darbe atlikta teorinė žemesniųjų lavinamųjų klasių mokinių psichosocialinės raidos, veiklos ypatumų, veiklos priemonių – žaislų bei elektronikos ugdymo svarbos ir turinio parinkimo ypatumų analizė. Iškelta hipotezė, kad mokinių gebėjimas saugiai eksploatuoti jų aplinkoje sutinkamus elektroninius prietaisus bei prietaisus su elektronikos elementais sudaro optimalias prielaidas vaikų psichosocialinei raidai, o dažniausiai vaikų aplinkoje sutinkami elektroniniai daiktai yra žaislai bei buitiniai prietaisai. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas - ištirti ko ir kaip pedagogai moko ketvirtų lavinamųjų klasių mokinius ugdydami jų elektronikos pradmenų gebėjimus. Parengtos darbų programos plėtotei rekomendacinės elektronikos pradmenų ugdymo temos, pravestas eksperimentinis mokymas, įvertinti mokinių gebėjimai tinkamai eksploatuoti elektronikos prietaisus iki eksperimentinio mokymo ir po jo. Tyrime dalyvavo 30 specialiosios mokyklos žemesniųjų lavinamųjų klasių mokinių technologijų mokytojų ir 50 ketvirtų lavinamųjų klasių mokinių. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjamas mokytojų suvokimas apie lavinamųjų klasių mokinių gebėjimą tinkamai eksploatuoti elektronikos prietaisus, nustatomi trys mokinių gebėjimų lygiai: gebančių naudoti elektronikos prietaisus savarankiškai, gebančių naudoti su pagalba ir negebančių naudoti. Nustatomi gebėjimų skirtumai tarp berniukų ir mergaičių. Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Pedagogai nurodo ugdantys mokinių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Analysis of scientific literature reveals that scientists actively discuss issues, regarding what electronic means and devices should children be familiar with, teach how to use them, so that there would be optimal possibilities for their adaptation in society. This motivates to change task program for schoolchildren with extensive and extremely extensive educational needs of fourth grade by including topics, regarding formation of this skills in this field. It is possible to hypothesize that ability to safely behave with electronic toys and house appliances could increase children motivation to play social roles’ games and the suggested topics for development of a program, regarding involvement of basics of electronics into the program, will not only meet children needs, wishes and interests, but will also allow for adequate communication with social environment. Research participants constituted of 30 crafts teachers of lower training grades in special schools and 50 schoolchildren with extensive and extremely extensive educational needs in specials schools. Most significant conclusions from empirical research are: ● Data from teachers’ questionnaire reveal that all of them follow the task program prepared by Kaukenaite for children with extensive and extremely extensive educational needs and two thirds of respondents indicate that they introduce these students to electronic devices and methods, even though these topics are not included into the program. ● Research on... [to full text]

Viena aktualiausių visuomenės sveikatos problemų yra vaikų ir jaunimo sveikata. Šiandien dominuojantys neigiami socialiniai, elgsenos ir aplinkos veiksniai žaloja jauno žmogaus sveikatą, ilgainiui sukeldami neigiamas pasekmes – somatinius ar psichinius sveikatos sutrikimus. Pastaraisiais metais Lietuvoje atlikti moksleivių, jaunimo elgesio ir gyvenimo būdo tyrimai parodė didelį psichosomatinių negalavimų ir sveikatos sutrikimų paplitimą. Tyrimų duomenys taip pat rodo ir tendenciją, kad didėjant amžiui, jaunuoliai savo sveikatą vertina prasčiau. Tyrimo tikslas: palyginti vyresniojo mokyklinio amžiaus moksleivių ir jaunimo sveikatos savivertę, psichosomatinių negalavimų ir vaistų vartojimo paplitimą ir įvertinti sveikatą sąlygojančius veiksnius. Užsibrėžtam tikslui pasiekti buvo iškelti šie uždaviniai: 1. Palyginti vyresniojo mokyklinio amžiaus moksleivių ir jaunimo savo sveikatos įvertinimą. 2. Palyginti psichosomatinių negalavimų ir vaistų vartojimo paplitimą tarp vyresniojo mokyklinio amžiaus moksleivių ir jaunimo. 3. Įvertinti vyresniojo mokyklinio amžiaus moksleivių ir jaunimo sveikatą įtakojančius veiksnius. Atsitiktinės atrankos būdu, naudojant anoniminę anketą, buvo apklausta 220 respondentų iš įvairių Lietuvos regionų, iš kurių 88 moksleiviai (23 vaikinai ir 65 merginos) ir 132 jaunimo atstovai (51 vaikinas ir 81 mergina). Moksleivių amžius 14 – 17 metų, o jaunimo atstovų 18 – 24 metai. Atliktas tyrimas parodė, kad dauguma vyresniojo mokyklinio amžiaus moksleivių (53,4... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / One of the most topical society‘s health problems is the health of youth and children. Negative social, behavioural and environmental factors dominating today cripple the health of a young person generating eventually negative consequences – somatic and psychological health disorders. Researches of schoolchildren and youth behaviour and lifestyle performed in Lithuania in these latter years revealed a wide spread of psychosomatic complaints and health disorders. Also research data indicates the tendency that with age young people estimate their health worse. The aim of the research: compare self-health evaluation of senior schoolchildren and youth as well as the spread of psychosomatic complaints and usage of medicine, evaluate factors affecting health. Tasks set to achieve the aim of the research: 1. Compare self-health evaluation of senior schoolchildren and youth. 2. Compare the spread of psychosomatic complaints and usage of medicine among senior schoolchildren and youth. 3. Evaluate factors affecting health of senior schoolchildren and youth. Using random selection and anonymous questionnaire 220 respondents from various regions of Lithuania were surveyed. 88 of them are schoolchildren (23 boys and 65 girls) and 132 are representatives of youth (51 boys and 81 girls). Schoolchildren are 14 – 17 years of age, youth – 18 to 24. The research showed that most senior schoolchildren (53,4%) and youth (46,2%) think their health is good (p>0,05). 19,3% of schoolchildren and 15... [to full text]

The overall aim of this thesis was to explore and describe schoolchildren's selfreported-health based on the Health Dialogue concept as well as to identify healthindicators and their possible associations in the perspective of 6 to 16 year-olds,and to provide an analysis of school nurses´ experiences of using the HealthDialogue concept, in the County of Västernorrland. The thesis was based on fourstudies (I-IV). Study I was qualitative using a descriptive design, based onindividual interviews with school nurses who had working experience of using theHealth Dialogue concept. Studies II-IV were quantitative with cross sectional andlongitudinal design based on statistical data from the Health Dialogue concept, apopulation survey among schoolchildren. The data were analyzed usingqualitative content analysis (I) and regression analyses (II-IV).Study I showed that the school nurses had developed their own commonapproach, a health promotion model derived from experiences of working with theHealth Dialogue concept. Study II showed that the most important health variablesinfluencing pre-schoolchildren´s positive self-reported-health were experience ofcomfort in preschool, good sleep, absence of headaches, being physicalactive/playing daily, and not being a victim for bullying. Both boys and girlsneeded to experience comfort, being physical active, and not being bullied. Forgirls, positive self-reported-health seemed to be more dependent on comfort, beingphysical active/playing, and not being bullied, whereas boy’s health was moredependent on eating school lunch daily and not experiencing headaches.Study III revealed that in 10-year-old children´s positive self-reported-health,comfort in school, normal iso- body mass index and absence of headaches wereshown to be significantly important health indicators. Normal iso- body massindex (girls) and absence of headaches (boys) were shown to have a potentiallycausal effect on 10-year-old children's positive self-reported-health. Study IVrevealed several significantly important health indicators in schoolchildren´shealth during three school transitions in the Swedish Education system (betweenthe ages of 6-10, 10-13 and 13-16); not experiencing being sad/depressed,afraid/worried, experiencing the school environment positively (schoolyard andivrestrooms), not being bullied, having good sleep, daily physical activity/play andability to concentrate. Gender and age differences were also identified. The HealthDialogue concept, contributes increased knowledge and a new cross sectional andlongitudinal perspective to individual, school, community and organization’sperception of schoolchildren´s self-reported-health. Furthermore, these resultsdemonstrate the importance and validity of children´s experiences in the context ofhealth and should contribute to future health promotion activities and schoolbasedinterventions.Key words: Health promotion, health dialogue, longitudinal design, school nurses,schoolchildren, self-reported-health. / Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att undersöka och beskrivaskolbarns självrapporterade hälsa baserat på Hälsosamtals konceptet, attidentifiera hälsoindikatorer och deras möjliga samband för skolbarn självskattadehälsa i ett 6 till 16- års perspektiv, och att analysera skolsköterskornas erfarenheterav att använda Hälsosamtals konceptet i Västernorrlands län. Avhandlingenbygger på fyra studier (I-IV). Studie I var kvalitativ med en deskriptiv design,baserad på individuella intervjuer med skolsköterskor med arbetserfarenhet frånHälsosamtals konceptet. Studie II-IV var kvantitativ med tvärsnitt ochlongitudinell design baserat på statistisk data på länsnivå från Hälsosamtalskonceptet bland skolbarn i ålder 6-16 år. Data analyserades med kvalitativinnehållsanalys (I) och regressions analys (II-IV). Studie 1 visade attskolsköterskorna i länet hade utvecklat en egen gemensam strategi och modell förhälsofrämjande arbete. Studie II visade att de viktigaste hälso- indikatorer för barni förskoleklass avseende positivt självrapporterade hälsa var trivsel, god sömn,frånvaro av svår huvudvärk, vara fysiskt aktiv/leka varje dag, samt att inte varautsatt för mobbning. Både pojkar och flickor behövde trivas, vara fysisktaktiva/leka, och inte vara utsatta för mobbning. Flickorna visade sig vara merberoende av trivsel, vara fysiskt aktiva/leka, och inte vara utsatta för mobbning föratt rapportera sin hälsa positivt medan pojkarnas positivt självrapporterande hälsavisade sig bero på daglig skollunch och att inte ha huvudvärk. Studie III visade attför 10-åriga barns positivt självrapporterade hälsa var, trivsel i skolan, normalt iso-BMI och frånvaro av huvudvärk viktiga hälsoindikatorer. Normal iso-BMI visadeett potentiellt kausalt samband för 10-åriga flickors, och frånvaro av huvudvärkvisade ett potentiellt kausalt samband för 10-åriga pojkars positivtsjälvrapporterad hälsa. Studie IV visade flera signifikant viktiga hälsoindikatorer iskolbarns (6-16 år) positivt självrapporterade hälsa, under tre skolövergångar i detsvenska utbildningssystemet (6-10, 10-13, 13-16 år). Att inte känna sigledsen/deprimerad, rädd/orolig, uppleva skolmiljön positivt (skolgården ochtoaletter), inte vara mobbad, sova gott, vara dagligt fysiskt aktiv/leka och att kunnakoncentrera sig visade sig vara viktiga hälsoindikatorer. Dessa hälsoindikatorerviskilde sig avseende på ålder och kön. Denna avhandling bidrar med ökad kunskapom skolbarns självrapporterade hälsa grundat på Hälsosamtals konceptet.Hälsosamtals konceptet tillför nya perspektiv avseende barns hälsa på individ,skola, samhälls/organisations nivå i ett tvärsnitts och longitudinellt perspektiv.Hälsofrämjande arbete i skolan och samhället bör ta barns upplevelser,erfarenheter och synpunkter i beaktande och som giltiga. Resultatet i dennaavhandling hoppas kunna bidra till framtida hälsofrämjande arbete och insatser iskolan.

The author of this diploma thesis focuses on the issues of cooperation of the curator for children and youngsters with school institutions (especially schools). The aim of this cooperation and its subsequent description is to elaborate a multiple case study of selected students whose issues were so serious that the help of a curator was needed. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the behaviour of students that is so serious that it goes beyond the scope of regular pedagogical approaches conducted by the school. The system of institutional help, often at hand to schools in such situations, is described with respect to the function of the curator for youngsters. The practical part of the thesis provides the reader with a multiple case study of several selected students whose issues were so severe that the cooperation of a curator was required. A qualitative research was used to elaborate the study and the results were obtained by semi-structured interviews with the students' parents, teachers, specialized pedagogical centre workers as well as the students themselves.