A multi-hop ad hoc network requires no infrastructure, like base stations or routers to function. This means that it can quickly be deployed and in movement, making it ideal for scenarios like natural disasters or battlefield communication. A single-frequency network (SFN) is the idea that transmitters can cooperate to send the same signals simultaneously over the same frequency channel, such that the signals are amplified. It was previously proposed that SFNs could be created in multi-hop ad hoc networks. According to simulations, this could improve the energy consumption, signal reachability, and data transfer rate. As this has only been simulated, the purpose of this project is to experimentally verify that SFN is attainable in a multi-hop ad hoc network, and to assess what the difficulties are of an actual implementation. The method involved synchronizing the transmission of two devices operating under the 802.11a standard. A multi-hop ad hoc network was created by changing the settings of the network interface cards. The devices used were mainly laptops and transmissions were monitored in Wireshark. The laptops were forced to send on one frequency channel to make interference possible, and identical packets were sent. Experiments were made to assess whether SFN was attained. The packet loss rate and distance were used to evaluate the results. The results suggest that a synchronized transmission off by less than 2 μs was attained. However, the error of these measurements were neither known nor approximable. This meant it was hard to know when a SFN was formed. The results indicate that SFN was attained, as the packet loss rate decreased significantly when employed. The effectiveness of SFN was hard to assess because the results were not comparable with the simulation values. The difficulty of an actual implementation is deemed to be the synchronization of transmissions.

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression occurs at a number of levels including covalent DNA and histone modifications, nucleosome positioning and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling as well as higher order chromatin folding and 3D genome organisation. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes modulate nucleosome structure, positioning and chromatin de-compaction and are involved in gene activation and repression. SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes contain either BRG1 or BRM as the core ATPase together with other common and variable subunits. BRG1 is required for terminal epidermal differentiation in mice and humans and for hair follicle stem cell activation during mouse hair follicle regeneration and cutaneous wound healing. However, the role of SWI/SNF complexes in human hair growth and wound healing remain unknown. Here it is demonstrated that genes encoding SWI/SNF complex subunits are expressed in human hair follicles. It also highlights that siRNA mediated suppression of SWI/SNF complexes in hair follicle culture has no effect on hair growth, or anagen-catagen transition in the short term, but a significant increase in proliferation of the outer root sheath keratinocytes was seen. The data also documents the expression of several SWI/SNF subunits in human epidermis and that siRNA mediated SMARCA4 gene suppression in primary human keratinocyte monolayers defined the requirements of BRG1 for wound closure through control of cell migration, but not proliferation. In summary, this data revealed a diverse SWI/SNF complex subunit composition in human epidermis and hair follicle, and an essential role of the core complex ATPase BRG1 in keratinocyte migration during wound closure and re-epithelisation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adalberto Tacini.pdf: 1675245 bytes, checksum: 373bffcf439d27b397d44d902baba0e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The increased complexity in the economic and financial environment all over the world rose the uncertainty level for financial institutions and the National Financial System (SFN). In this context, the Central Bank (Banco Central do Brasil - BCB), responsible for authorizing, regulating and intervening in the banking market, along with other countries, requires that banks in Brazil prepare a management Strategy Risk within the capital managing process. This work aims to analyze the contribution of a management strategy technique, scenario planning, in the management of the risks. It is a relevant study because of bank strategic role in the economy and the importance of strategy management risks for SFN. This research has a qualitative and exploratory nature, uses case study methodology and aims the comprehension of an organizational phenomenal. It is supported by Administrational Paradigms and by Gareth Morgan s model. It also utilizes a historical analysis on the SFN and the Brazilian Banking Market. As a result, we observe that planning for scenarios, among other forms, contributes with the risk management strategy as (i) makes the decision-making process more qualified by considering different futures alternatives, (ii) makes the perception of risk inherent in decisions made clearer when organizing and delimit the uncertainties of the business environment and (iii) benefits to senior management by anticipation of possible significant variations in the business environment / O aumento da complexidade no ambiente econômico e financeiro em todo o mundo proporcionou elevação nos níveis de incertezas aos quais estão sujeitas as instituições financeiras e todo o Sistema Financeiro Nacional (SFN). Nesse contexto, o Banco Central brasileiro, responsável por normatizar, autorizar, fiscalizar e intervir no mercado bancário, em linha com autoridades monetárias de outros países, passa a exigir que os bancos no Brasil realizem gerenciamento de Risco de Estratégia, dentro de um processo de gerenciamento de capital. Tendo em vista esse cenário, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a contribuição de uma técnica de gestão da estratégia, o planejamento por cenários, no gerenciamento desse risco nos bancos no Brasil, justificando-se, dentre outros motivos, pela função estratégica exercida pelos bancos na economia do país e pela relevância do gerenciamento de riscos de estratégia para o SFN. Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, utiliza-se da metodologia estudo de caso visando o entendimento de um fenômeno social organizacional, apoiado pela análise dos fundamentos teóricos acerca dos Paradigmas da Administração e do modelo paradigmático de Gareth Morgan, da Gestão de Estratégia, do Planejamento por Cenários, do Risco de Estratégia, além de uma análise histórica acerca do SFN e do Mercado Bancário brasileiro. Como resultado, observa-se que o planejamento por cenários, dentre outras formas, contribui com o gerenciamento de risco de estratégia à medida que (i) torna o processo de decisão mais qualificado por considerar alternativas de futuros diferentes, (ii) torna a percepção de risco inerente às decisões tomadas mais clara ao organizar e delimitar as incertezas do ambiente de negócios e (iii) beneficia a alta administração pela antecipação a possíveis variações significativas no ambiente de negócios

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-20T16:50:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DarioDanielDantasDissertacao2016.pdf: 2225532 bytes, checksum: f978a76a3d20938ae7b8833b26dfe52e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-20T16:57:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DarioDanielDantasDissertacao2016.pdf: 2225532 bytes, checksum: f978a76a3d20938ae7b8833b26dfe52e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T16:57:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DarioDanielDantasDissertacao2016.pdf: 2225532 bytes, checksum: f978a76a3d20938ae7b8833b26dfe52e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-22 / This research aims to investigate the effects of the Basel agreements on the control of banking risks to maintain the stability and health of the National Financial System, from the perspective of risk managers and internal auditors of a national financial institution. Seeking to protect the system of negative results arising from the risks inherent in their activities, Governor, Central Bank of Brazil, coordinates and regulates the implementation of practices and methodologies disclosed in the Basel agreements. Thus, they will discuss the stages of strategic planning and risk management in the Brazilian financial institutions. / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar os efeitos dos acordos de Basileia no controle dos riscos banc??rios para manter a estabilidade e sa??de do Sistema Financeiro Nacional - SFN, sob a ??tica dos gestores de riscos e auditores internos de uma institui????o financeira nacional. Buscando proteger o sistema dos resultados negativos advindos dos riscos inerentes ??s suas atividades, o regulador, Banco Central do Brasil ??? Bacen, coordena e normatiza a implementa????o das pr??ticas e metodologias divulgadas nos acordos de Basileia. Assim, ser??o abordadas as etapas do planejamento estrat??gico e gest??o dos riscos nas institui????es financeiras brasileiras.

<p>DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) is the radio digital system developed as an european standard by the ETSI, EN 300 400, based on the Eureka-147 group works, to improve the performance of the analogue radio systems (AM and FM). The system is based on the OFDM technology which allows DAB to exploit the spectrum frequencies in a better way with a higher quality of sound for mobile receivers specially. The main part of the OFDM system is based on the FFT algorithms to spread the data flow over different orthogonal carriers. The simulation has been developed in Simulink^TMand Matlab^TMand the layout designed follows faithfully the standard for the transmission system. The simulation can be reloaded by the user with the information presented in this thesis. Thus, this work can be continued to complete the DAB whole system simulation. The results obtained running this simulation show the main DAB system characteristics.</p>

DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) is the radio digital system developed as an european standard by the ETSI, EN 300 400, based on the Eureka-147 group works, to improve the performance of the analogue radio systems (AM and FM). The system is based on the OFDM technology which allows DAB to exploit the spectrum frequencies in a better way with a higher quality of sound for mobile receivers specially. The main part of the OFDM system is based on the FFT algorithms to spread the data flow over different orthogonal carriers. The simulation has been developed in Simulink&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;and Matlab&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;and the layout designed follows faithfully the standard for the transmission system. The simulation can be reloaded by the user with the information presented in this thesis. Thus, this work can be continued to complete the DAB whole system simulation. The results obtained running this simulation show the main DAB system characteristics.

With the advancement in the current wireless technology standards such as terrestrial digital video broadcasting systems (DVB-T, DVB-T2, and DVB-H) and the massive usage of the Internet over mobile devices, streaming of television channels in smart phones has become a necessary advancement for mobile users. As, UMTS dominating the entire mobile market globally and with the evolution of LTE, several mobile operators are working on an MBMS framework which will help to launch mobile TV services on respective operators. This paper deals with terrestrial and mobile TV with IP multicasting and broadcasting and is aimed to improve system spectral efficiency.  With the help of IP multicasting, the base station can be able to provide with significantly less spectrum by saving it from the channels which the user is not viewing currently. This case is analysed from several sets, called schemes of resource plan sets. The transmitter scheduling is dealt with by means of a Packet and Resource Plan Scheduling (PARPS) algorithm, and the simulated results are plotted in Matlab which assists in analysing the efficiency in the spectrum management and the coverage probability for the number of transmitters used for each scheme. The schemes are simulated in Matlab for different number of transmitters (2-7) in both the static and random model. The SFN schemes are offering greater coverage probability than MFN schemes, in all cases. Multicasting over Continuous Transmission Dynamic Single Frequency Network (CT-DSFN) offers a 1342% and 582% gain in Multi-user System Spectral Efficiency (MSSE) for 7 transmitters, from Broadcasting over MFN and Broadcasting over SFN respectively.  For 7 transmitters, Multicasting over CT-DSFN offers a 1213% and 428% gain in System Spectral Efficiency (SSE) from Broadcasting over MFN and Broadcasting over SFN respectively.

El objetivo principal del proyecto de tesis doctoral es proponer y evaluar soluciones técnicas compatibles con la familia de estándares DVB diseñados para redes TDT que permitan por un lado, la transmisión simultánea de contenidos de TV a receptores fijos y móviles en configuraciones de red con alta capacidad de transmisión, y por otro lado la e ficiente provisión de contenidos locales en topologías SFN. Esta propuesta de tesis está dividida en tres secciones. La primera sección consiste en una revisión del estado del arte respecto a la planificación y diseño de redes de TDT que utilizan los estándares DVB, las soluciones propuestas e implementadas a día de hoy para la provisión de contenidos de TV digital a terminales móviles a través de las infraestructuras de TDT; así como las técnicas de transmisión utilizadas para la provisión de contenidos locales en redes de TDT, las soluciones propuestas en el estándar de segunda generación DVB-T2 y los requerimientos técnicos del futuro estándar DVB-NGH para la e ficiente emisión de estos contenidos en topologías de red SFN. Con base en el estado del arte se de ne en la segunda sección el objetivo principal, los objetivos específicos y los resultados esperados en el desarrollo de la tesis doctoral. Finalmente en la tercera sección se describe la metodología y los escenarios de evaluación que se utilizarán en las diferentes etapas del proceso de investigación. / López Sánchez, J. (2014). Transmisión Eficiente de Servicios Fijos/Móviles y Servicios Locales en Redes de Televisión Digital Terrestre de Primera y Segunda Generación [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/35134 / TESIS

Several UE energy consumption optimization techniques have been proposed for Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices. Extended Discontinuous Reception (eDRX) in idle mode is one such technique wherein an UE in idle mode wakes up only during its Paging Occasion (PO) to monitor paging messages from eNodeB (eNB). The PO is located within a Paging frame (PF). The PF is a function of System Frame Number (SFN) cycle of eNB. The paging messages may be sent asynchronously from multiple eNBs to a UE. Due to asynchronous operation of eNBs, SFN takes on different values at a given point in time and therefore a paging message is transmitted at different points in time from different eNBs. Due to this SFN misalignment between eNBs, an idle mode UE might receive and respond to the same paging message from different eNBs and/or miss a PO and thus the paging message. Due to this spread in time of SFN and PO, the actual handling of paging message by the UE becomes inefficient leading to increased UE energy consumption and decreased reachability. These issues, resulting from paging handling, will get amplified further if DRX period is extended longer (eDRX). In this study, we investigate the impact of eDRX cycles and mobility related parameters such as UE speed, cell size and size of SFN misalignment between eNBs on UE energy consumption, use of network resources and UE reachability. Receiving and responding to the same paging message results in increased energy consumption for UE and increased signaling between UE and the network. Missing a PO results in delayed paging reception and hence decreases UE reachability. As the DRX cycle lengths are increased from existing maximum of 2.56 seconds to 10.24 seconds and beyond, we see a reduction in UE energy consumption by more than 90%, but the network signaling and the delay to reach the UE increases linearly as a function of the DRX cycle length. We observe that the number of duplicate paging message receptions/missed POs is minuscule for DRX cycle lengths below 10.24 sec. At DRX cycle length of 10.24 seconds, UEs travelling across 500 m cell radius at speeds of 3, 50, 100 km/h the percentage of duplicate paging receptions are 0.07, 0.11, and 0.15 respectively. This duplicate paging message reception increases the UE energy consumption by 2.31, 6.15 and 12 percent of the total energy units respectively. Similarly, UE misses nearly 0.34, 0.39, and 0.405 percent of the total POs respectively. Depending on the number of consecutive PO misses, the UE reachability decreases. But by reducing the size of SFN misalignment between eNBs, we see that it’s possible to increase the reachability for UEs in eDRX. Further we have proposed solutions based on our analytical study to avoid duplicate paging message reception by UE, increase UE reachability and also reduce UE energy consumption using a windowing technique. We conclude that when a UE is configured with eDRX cycles, the tradeoff between battery lifetimes and UE reachability is based on mobility characteristics and service requirements.