Se ha abordado el análisis e investigación en los protocolos notariales de datos sobre movimientos portuarios acaecidos en Santander durante el siglo XVIII. Se analizaron las múltiples interdependencias originadas como nacionalidades, intervinientes, tipología de embarcaciones, cargas transportadas y rutas adscritas

In maritime transportation, liner shipping accounts for over 60\% of the value of goods shipped. However, very limited literature is available on the study of various problems in liner shipping. In this thesis we focus on problems related to this industry. Given a set of cargo to be transported, a set of ports and a set of ships, a common problem faced by carriers in liner shipping is the design of their service network. We develop an integrated model to design service network for the ships and to route the available cargo, simultaneously. The proposed model incorporates many relevant constraints, such as the weekly frequency constraint on the operated routes, and emerging trends, such as obtaining benefits from transshipping cargo on two or more service routes, that appear in practice but have not been considered previously in literature. Also, we design exact and heuristic algorithms to solve the integer program efficiently. The proposed algorithms integrate the ship scheduling problem, a tactical planning level decision, and the cargo routing problem, an operational planning level decision, and provide good overall solution strategy. Computational experiments indicate that larger problem instances, as compared to the literature, can be solved using these algorithms in acceptable computational time. Alliance formation is very common among global liner carriers however a quantitative study of liner alliances is missing from literature. We provide a mathematical framework for the quantitative study of these alliances. For the formation of a sustainable alliance, carriers need to agree on an overall service network and resolve issues concerning distribution of benefits and costs among the members of the alliance. We develop mechanisms to design a collaborative service network and to manage the interaction among the carriers through the allocation of profits in a fair way. The mechanism utilizes inverse optimization techniques to obtain resource exchange costs in the network. These costs provide side payments to the members, on top of the revenue generated by them in the collaborative solution, to motivate them to act in the best interest of the alliance while satisfying their own self interests.

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η μελέτη των μεθόδων διαχείρισης των διαφωνιών μεταξύ των στελεχών των ελληνικών ναυτιλιακών επιχειρήσεων. Συγκεκριμένα, πραγματοποιείται η διερεύνηση των συσχετίσεων μεταξύ των μορφών επικοινωνίας και των πέντε μεθόδων διοίκησης συγκρούσεων, καθώς και των σχέσεων των μορφών εξουσίας στις διαδικασίες λήψης αποφάσεων με τις πέντε μεθόδους διοίκησης συγκρούσεων. Τα πρωτογενή στοιχεία αντλήθηκαν με προσωπική συνέντευξη σε 108 εργαζομένους από Ναυτιλιακές Επιχειρήσεις του Πειραιά, της Πάτρας και της Θεσσαλονίκης. Τα ερωτηματολόγια κωδικοποιήθηκαν και ακολούθησε η επεξεργασία τους με το στατιστικό πακέτο SPSS 15.0. Επιπλέον, πραγματοποιήθηκε έλεγχος των υποθέσεων που είχαν τεθεί, μέσω της ανάλυσης παραγόντων που ανέδειξαν νέες μεταβλητές που συσχετίσθηκαν με το συντελεστή συσχέτισης Pearson και την πολλαπλή παλινδρόμηση. / -

In this study an attempt is made to explore the individual-organization interface -- i.e., the nature of the relationship that prevails between an organization and its members -- and determine its effects upon such outcome variables as job satisfaction, instrumentality belief and work performance. Attributes of the individual (human needs) and the organization (dimensions of organizational climate), when combined, are hypothesized to influence this interface. This investigation is based upon a sample of fourteen shipping agencies drawen from among some agencies within the Durban Customs Clearing and Forwarding Industry. Agencies in this sample are divided into two broad categories, namely members and non members of the Durban Forwarders Association. Two hundred and eighty-three managerial and clerical employees from these agencies participated in this study. Scales designed to measure a set of work related needs, organizational climate, job satisfaction, instrumentality belief and work performance are administered to groups of employees from each of the participating agencies. These scales, except for that measuring organizational climate, are subject to a statistical procedure designed to calculate reliability. Only the scales that satisfy a minimum requirement of seventy percent for reliability are used in any further analysis. A factor analysis is carried out on the refined data for the scale of work related needs. Four factors emerged, surgency, passivity, assertiveness and financial incentive. The need indices together with these factors are intercorrelated using a Pearson's Product Moment Correlation. The results show that there are distinctly different patterns of organizational climate prevailing in member and non member organizations. Member agencies tend to be affiliation orientated; non member agencies, achievement orientated. A multivariate analysis is repeatedly calculated to identify the need-climate combinations that are related to one or more of the outcome variables. Canonical correlation is then employed to calculate the variance explained by each group of combination variables. The results show that the outcome variables explain approximately eighteen percent of the total variance in the data. In conclusion it is suggested that more research be undertaken using different sets of outcome variables to establish grounds for comparing the results of similar studies. It is further suggested that research of the nature can be used by an Organization Development Consultant as a diagnostic tool for the purpose of assessing the relationship that prevails between the individual and the organization. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban. 1986.

The purpose of this study is to examine how Viking Line, Tallink Silja and Birka Cruises work with economic and environmental sustainability, and also to see how they work with new environmental legislations. In 2015 a new environmental legislation will be introduced, by the name Sulphur directive. The Sulphur directive entails a reduction in Sulphur dioxide emissions from ships where the emissions cannot exceed 0,1 percent. There are three alternatives to achieve the new environmental legislation, the use of Marine Gas Oil, LNG or scrubbers. All three alternatives will lead to increasing costs for the shipping industry. The three companies exerts its shipping traffic in the Baltic Sea, a sea that is highly sensitive to external impacts. In the study qualitative methods were used, three personal interviews and five telephone interviews. Five theories were used to understand how the companies work, their estimations and their decisions: Strategic Tourism Planning Process, the Triple Bottom Line, the COSO model, The Decision-making Process and Responsible Cruise Tourism. The results of the study show that all three companies are facing an uncertain economic sustainable future and the deciding factors will be technological development, fuel prices and competitiveness.

Syftet med det här arbetet var att kartlägga rekryteringsprocessen i svenska rederier och bemanningsbolag av maskinbefäl. För att ta reda på detta skickades det ut ett antal enkäter till personalrekryterarna i respektive rederi/bemanningsbolag. Studien är en kvantitativ undersökning för att få in ett så stort underlag som möjligt och därefter kunna få fram ett trovärdigt resultat. Resultatet blev att rekryteringsprocessen har påverkats av utflaggningen av fartygen och då framför allt för juniorbefälen. Det som personalrekryterarna ansåg som mest betydelsefullt vid nyrekrytering av maskinbefäl är rekommendationer från redan anställda i rederiet/bemanningsbolaget och fullständig sjöingenjörsexamen. Arbetsförmedlingens tjänster användes i mindre grad på grund av det dåliga urvalet och inte heller available position-sidan på rederiernas/bemanningsbolagens hemsida vid rekrytering av nya maskinbefäl.

This thesis studies two related topics in liner shipping. The first topic is the contract pricing problem for container carriers. The second part studies the interaction of the longer term contracts and the spot markets/exchanges for the same goods/services. Most containerized freight is transported under the provisions of medium term contracts between ocean carriers and shippers. One of the biggest challenges for an ocean carrier is to find optimal ways to structure the prices in those contracts. In particular, an ocean carrier would like to set the prices such that the best match between supply and demand can be obtained to maximize its profit. We propose three optimization models as decision tools that carriers can use to plan the contract price structures, as well as the anticipated freight flows and empty container flows for the period covered by the contracts. Based on the models, we propose algorithms and build decision tools that generate the following output: optimal prices to be charged for the movement of freight, the anticipated freight flows and empty flows, containers to be leased, rented and purchased, and the additional voyage capacities to be procured. The first two models are deterministic and represent the problem at different levels of detail. In addition, a three-stage stochastic model is proposed to handle uncertainties in demand rates, costs, bookings and transit times on feeder arcs. Recent developments in information technology and communication make spot transactions more economical and more convenient. Nevertheless, the incidental spot transactions still count for only a very small portion of freight transported both by the large carriers who are the leaders in implementing e-commerce and in the industry as a whole. The second part of the thesis studies models to provide insight into the effect of spot market participation rates on various economic quantities. This may have implications for freight transportation industries, such as the sea cargo industry, in which longer term contracts are still prevalent. We focus our study on the following situation. Option contracts are signed before the demand is observed. As is common in liner shipping, sellers (carriers) also sell goods/services on the spot. Buyers (shippers) may or may not buy in the spot market as a matter of policy. We investigate the effects of spot market participation on the contract market and on the surpluses of all market players. It is found that the contract market shrinks as more and more buyers participate in the spot market. However, the effects on the surpluses of different market players are much more complicated and depend on the following factors: market structure, demand variation along time, demand variation among buyers and capacity level.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African Navy (SAN) intends to reinstate Naval Station Durban (NSD) as a fully operational support base for a new class of Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV’s) which the SAN intends to purchase. These acquisitions must be seen against the background of strategic and political considerations in general, and in particular threats to South Africa’s maritime security, due to the possibility of the piracy, along particularly the West African coast, reaching our territorial waters. The aim of this thesis is the development of a cost-optimization model, intended to provide optimal locations for the SAN’s support facilities, given the SAN’s operational obligations, present and future. In the first part, a literary review of facility location formulation and strategic management principles is an attempt to lay the foundations for the proposed model. The review of this literature is primarily based on extracts of the comprehensive research of other authors. Consequently, the research problem was contextualized and classified as a hierarchical location-allocation problem. The second part of the thesis aims to describe the SAN’s environment from a maritime security perspective. Within this framework, formulation was identified and modified to develop a theoretical mechanism to solve the research question. The final part will see the application of the developed model to a case study specific to the situation of the SAN. Validation of the inputs and the model itself proceeded in conjunction with the application of the model. The results and the model itself were validated through visual inspection and independent mathematical validation. This thesis comes to the conclusion that the SAN cannot cost-effectively meet its future obligations by splitting its maintenance capability between Naval Base Durban (NBD) and Naval Base Simon’s Town (NBS). Future research may build upon the results of this thesis in order to facilitate a more comprehensive optimization of preventative networks. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot (SAV) beoog om die vlootstasie in Durban weer op te gradeer na ’n volwaardige vlootbasis vir die beoogde aanskaffing van ’n nuwe klas van patroleringsvaartuie. Die motivering vir die opgradering van Durban kom uit dieper strategiese en politieke behoeftes maar word tans toegeskryf aan plaaslike bedreigings van seerowery en die gevolglike verkryging van nuwe patrollievaartuie om hierdie bedreiging, onder meer, te bekamp. Die doel van hierdie meesters tesis, is om ’n koste optimerings model te vind, of te ontwikkel, wat optimale liggings vir ondersteunings fasilitieite sal lewer, gegewe die toekomstige of huidige verpligtinge van die SAV. Die eerste gedeelte van hierdie tesis bevat ’n literatuuroorsig van fasiliteitsligging-formulering en strategiese bestuursbeginsels. Hierdie literatuuroorsig beoog om die grondslag vir die voorgestelde model te lê. Die oorsig van sodanige literatuur is hoofsaaklik gebaseer op uittreksels uit veelomvattende opsommings deur ander outeurs. Gevolglik is die navorsingsprobleem gekontekstualiseer en geklassifiseer as ’n hiërargiese ligging-toekenningsprobleem. Die tweede deel van die tesis beoog om die omgewing van die SAV vanuit ’n maritieme sekuriteitsperspektief te beskryf. Binne hierdie raamwerk is formulering geïdentifiseer en só gemodifiseer om ’n teoretiese meganisme te ontwikkel om die navorsingsvraag op te los. Die finale deel pas die ontwikkelde model op die spesifieke situasie van die SAV toe. Validasie van die insette sowel as die model self is gedoen in samewerking met die toepassing van die model. Die resultate tesame met die model self is deeglik bekragtig deur visuele inspeksie en onafhanklike wiskundige validasie. Hierdie tesis het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die SAV nie koste-effektief aan sy toekomstige operasionele verpligtinge sal kan voldoen met die verdeling van sy onderhoudsvermoë tussen ’n vlootbasis in Durban en Simonstad nie. Toekomstige navorsing kan op die resultate van hierdie tesis bou ten einde ’n meer omvattende optimalisering van voorkomende instandhoudingsnetwerke te fasiliteer.

VIEIRA, Jofre Teófilo. Uma trágedia em três partes: o motim dos pretos da Laura em 1839. 2010. 302 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-27T12:22:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_JTVieira.pdf: 3322223 bytes, checksum: fedd93248e1c6fb3a252ff48e2f9bf56 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-06-27T13:09:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_JTVieira.pdf: 3322223 bytes, checksum: fedd93248e1c6fb3a252ff48e2f9bf56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-27T13:09:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_JTVieira.pdf: 3322223 bytes, checksum: fedd93248e1c6fb3a252ff48e2f9bf56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / On the 12th of June, 1839, a number of slaves on board the brig-schooner Laura Segunda, which had earlier left Pernambuco en-route to Maranhão, mutinied off the coast of Ceará, killing six people: the captain; the boatswain; the pilot; two of the sailors and a passenger. After landing on the beach at Iguape, the slaves were captured and nine of them charged and taken to be prosecuted in Fortaleza, where six were sentenced to death, one to life imprisonment with forced-labour, yet another to being whipped and forced to go around in irons, and the last acquitted. The trials were summary in nature, demonstrating the need for a prompt and exemplary punishment of those responsible for the "horrendous attack". The present research aims to examine the mutiny and the various events which surrounded the negro slaves on board the Laura. To this end we propose examining the system of cabotage shipping carried out between the North and Northeast of Brazil, in particular that from Pará to Pernambuco, in an attempt to understand the work environment of the slave-sailors on the Laura Segunda. In addition, we wish to investigate and detail the various movements which occurred during the 1830s and which fostered a climate of political and social instability in Brazil, paving the way for various acts of rebellion by the slaves, of which the mutiny on the Laura Segunda was one. The memory of the mutiny and the events surrounding the negros on board the Laura remained alive in Fortaleza for some considerable time. We plan to arrive at an appreciation of the meaning of these events and how they were appropriated by Ceará society, and in particular by the slaves. / Em 12 de junho de 1839, alguns dos cativos a bordo do brigue-escuna Laura Segunda, que partiu do Maranhão para Pernambuco, realizaram um motim nas costas do litoral do Ceará e assassinaram seis pessoas, o capitão, o contramestre, o prático, dois marujos e um passageiro. Depois de desembarcar na praia do Iguape, os escravos foram presos e, dentre eles, nove foram acusados e levados a julgamento em Fortaleza, onde seis foram condenados à pena de morte, um a galés perpétuas, outro a açoites e andar com ferros, e o último absolvido. O julgamento ocorreu de forma sumária, indicando a necessidade de se punirem rápida e exemplarmente os responsáveis por aquele “horroroso atentado”. A pesquisa pretende analisar o motim e os eventos que envolveram os pretos da Laura. Para isso, se propõe a examinar a navegação de cabotagem realizada entre o Norte e o Nordeste do Brasil, em especial do Pará a Pernambuco, para se entender o mundo do trabalho em que estavam inseridos os marinheiros cativos do Laura Segunda. Além disso, busca-se compreender e relacionar os diversos movimentos realizados durante a década de 1830, que fomentaram um clima de grande instabilidade política e social no Brasil e permitiram o aparecimento de alguns atos de rebeldia produzidos pela escravaria. O motim no Laura Segunda foi um deles. As memórias do motim e dos eventos que envolveram os pretos da Laura ficaram vivas na capital cearense durante bastante tempo. Desta forma, procura-se compreender quais os seus significados e apropriações pela sociedade cearense, em especial o grupo dos cativos.

The topic of the diploma written assignment is "Transport of Dangerous Substances in the Czech Republic" and it was chosen for elaboration of the wholesome view on the road, train, ship and plane transportation of the hazardous materials and mixtures. These transportations represent a possible risk of damage to life, health, property or environment for the society. Hazardous materials and mixtures nowadays are being transported in large measures and there is an assumption in the future that the volume of the transported hazardous materials and mixtures will increase. For elaboration of this written assignment three hypothesis were given: a) Legal regulations of the European Union and the Czech Republic solve the problematic of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures well enough. b) The public has enough information about the transportation of the hazardous chemical substances or mixtures. c) People that work in the field of the transportation of hazardous materials or mixtures are well informed about the transportation of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures. For determining whether the legal regulations solve the problematic of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures well enough the literary sources which deal with this issue, legal regulations of the Czech Republic and the European Union and other international agreements were used. After working through these sources it was found out that the international, the EU and Czech legal regulations or agreements solve this issue well enough and emphasis is given on convergence of legal regulations of all transportations. Implementation of international agreements and legal regulations of the European Union into the legal regulations of the Czech Republic happens in the present time very fast and without failures. For figuring out the awareness of the public and awareness of the people working in the field of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures for the diploma written assignment on the topic of "The Transportation of Hazardous Materials and Mixtures on the Territory of the Czech Republic" there was a quantitative research made. The quantitative research was made with the help of handed out questionnaires. The public was represented by the employees of the Regional Municipalities of the Czech Republic. Both of the groups were given the same questionnaires. The results of the questionnaire research were evaluated, expressed in percentage and statistically assessed. For the statistical assessment the double selection T-test was used to find out whether the difference between the assessed groups is statistically important. People working in the transportation of hazardous substances and mixtures have sufficient information which was confirmed by the questionnaire research. By the made statistical assessment it was found out that the difference between the groups is statistically significant and so the public does not have sufficient information related to the transportation of hazardous substances and mixtures. Due to the results of the questionnaire research and mainly that the hypothesis b) - The public has enough information about the transportation of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures was not confirmed. In the conclusion of the written assignment there are a couple of suggestions for improvement of the awareness of the public. For example as a part of education at primary and high schools and training schools where this education is already running as a part of The Protection of Human during Incidents. This education has been going on since 2003. And that is why the older people in the public are not well met with this issue and they should be introduced to it by for example a media campaign by means of short TV spots on public television channels or by means of spots that already the Independent BESIP Department of the Ministry of Transportation makes up. These spots are called Besipky.