Defendemos nesta dissertação que formas radicais de controle de si pela superação do sofrimento físico e das necessidades corporais são respostas subjetivas à configuração do modo de vida social contemporâneo. Modo de vida cujo núcleo está no que autores marxistas chamam de alienação e de fetichismo da mercadoria. Procuraremos examinar o fenômeno que em psiquiatria ganhou o nome de anorexia nervosa ou anorexia mental como uma dessas respostas que, ao mesmo tempo em que renega esse modo de vida, acaba por reafirmar algumas de suas premissas centrais. / We intend to defend that radical forms of self-control by overcoming physical suffering and bodily needs are subjective responses to the contemporary form of life. Form of life which core lies in what Marxist authors call alienation and commodity fetishism. We will seek to examine the phenomena in psychiatry called \"anorexia nervosa\" or \"anorexia mental\" as one of those responses that, at the same time denies this form of life, and, on the other hand, reaffirms some of its central assumptions.

O presente trabalho investiga o ser do sujeito que é constituído a partir de uma correlação entre a relação que o indivíduo tem consigo mesmo e os acontecimentos históricos do âmbito do saber e do poder de sua época. Por um lado, a subjetividade sempre se constitui em correlação com certos modelos singulares de subjetividade que se devem, em última instância, à maneira de pensar de uma época e às forças de poder que conseguem normatizar ou até mesmo impor esta maneira de pensar, por outro, estes modelos sempre deixarão um espaço de liberdade possível para que o indivíduo se constitua como sujeito independentemente deles. / This work investigates the being of the subject that is made out of a correlation between the individuals relation with himself and the historical events in the field of knowledge and power of his era. On the one hand, subjectivity is always correlated to certain models which are due to the way of thinking of an era and the forces of power that can standardize or even impose this way of thinking; on the other, there is always room for a possible freedom where individuals can build themselves as subject independent of those models.

Este trabalho tem por propósito analisar os textos de Max Stirner - em particular a primeira parte de seu livro intitulado O Único e a sua Propriedade -, assumindo a perspectiva de que neles é elaborado um diagnóstico de como a subjetividade moderna, no processo de sua constituição, forma-se comprometida com a dominação. Para isso, é preciso refazer com o filósofo o caminho dialético do eu, da Antiguidade até a sua manifestação moderna, identificando nesse percurso as razões que o fizeram alienar-se de si, sem se esquecer do papel da arte e da religião na criação, no rejuvenescimento e na manutenção da alienação. Além disso, encontrará também tratamento neste trabalho a forma de racionalidade, de moral e de educação modernas, elementos importantes da subjetividade, uma vez que esses elementos perfazem com ela um todo sistemático onde o que só encontra espaço são as exigências do \"espírito\", e isso em detrimento do que quer que seja da ordem da individualidade. Portanto, para uma abordagem apropriada desse tema, requer-se a compreensão do processo de formação da Modernidade e da sua subjetividade correlata, identificando a maneira pela qual, nesse processo, a dominação inscreve-se de forma imanente no eu. Isso significa dizer que, na interpretação que aqui se oferece da filosofia stirneriana, o processo de formação da subjetividade moderna e a dominação não são fenômenos independentes, mas sim resultantes de um e mesmo processo de engendramento da Modernidade. / This paper intends to examine the texts of Max Stirner - specially those related to the first part of his major work, The Ego and its Own - by assuming the perspective that through these texts, the author articulates a diagnosis of how the modern subjectivity, in the process of its constitution, forms itself compromised with domination. For this, we will need to remake with the philosopher the dialectical path of the self, from Antiquity to its modern manifestation, identifying in this way the reasons that made this ego to alienate from itself - without obliterating the role of art and religion in the creation, rejuvenation and maintenance of this alienation. Moreover, it will also be found in this paper a discussion about the forms of modern rationality, moral and education - important elements of the subjectivity, that compose with it a systematic whole where nothing but the claims of the \"spirit\" find place, in despite of everything that originates from individuality. Therefore, for an appropriate approach of these questions, one must comprehend the constitution of Modernity and its correlated subjectivity, identifying the way by which, within this process, domination engraves itself immanently in the self. In other words, this means that in the interpretation we are offering of Stirner\'s philosophy, the process of constitution of modern subjectivity and the domination are not independent phenomena, but rather are both resultants of one and the same process of engendering of Modernity.

O objetivo geral da pesquisa é ranquear alguns contextos (frames) que impactam subjetivamente no julgamento de materialidade que os auditores ponderam, abordando, além da visão global das demonstrações contábeis apresentadas para asseguração, distorções materiais e não conformidades, procedimento analítico, perfil dos gestores e ambiente de controle de negócios. A pesquisa é quantitativa e qualitativa, utilizando como coleta de dados a Metodologia Q (Stephenson, 1953) e Narrativa Oral (Llewellyn, 1999). Os participantes da pesquisa são sócios, gerentes e seniores de auditoria de firmas Big 5 e sócios de firmas de pequeno porte. O instrumento de pesquisa contou com a apresentação de 27 cenários (frames) dispostos em cartões livremente ordenáveis de forma decrescente em percepção de relevância pelo participante como situações que o faria alterar a materialidade em um cliente. A coleta de dados contou com 18 entrevistas. O tratamento estatístico dos dados contou com a análise fatorial exploratória (AFE), e o tratamento qualitativo com análise interpretativa e análise por templates. A materialidade é influenciada para níveis mais conservadores em dois momentos: no planejamento de auditoria ou durante a coleta de evidências em campo, de acordo com a percepção do auditor da relevância de informações negativas. Porém, é influenciada para níveis menos conservadores apenas no planejamento de auditoria, quando há uma percepção acumulada historicamente pelo auditor sobre a efetividade dos controles internos e do bom caráter dos gestores do cliente. Para os estudos acadêmicos, esta dissertação objetiva contribuir para o aumento de pesquisas nacionais na área. Para a profissão contábil, objetiva-se refletir sobre os conhecimentos do dia a dia dos auditores em campo, visto que qualquer contador pode ser um auditor independente (CFC, 1983). Para a sociedade, objetiva-se oferecer mais informações sobre o auditor para, potencialmente, milhões de shareholders (investidores, credores, prestadores de serviço, funcionários, governo etc.) que depositam confiança nesses profissionais em suas decisões. O estudo é pioneiro na apresentação da materialidade como uma probabilidade da percepção de um risco de exposição do auditor e na compreensão dos fatores de julgamento de materialidade ex ante a entrega do relatório final de auditoria. / This research aims to to rank contexts (frames), which subjectively shall impact the judgment of materiality that auditors assess, addressing, aside from the global view on the accounting statements report for assurance, material distortions and nonconformities, analytical procedure, profile of managers and business control environment. The research is both quantitative and qualitative, using for data collection purposes the Q Methodology (Stephenson, 1953) and Oral Narrative (Llewellyn, 1999). Participants were partners, managers and senior auditors from Big 5 companies and members of small-sized enterprises. The research instrument comprised the presentation of 27 scenarios (frames) presented in cards arranged in random randomly in descending order according to how relevance was perceived by the participant as situations that would change the materiality of a client. Data collection included 18 interviews. The statistical treatment of the data included the Exploratory Factorial Analysis (EFA) and the qualitative treatment of the information was through analysis both interpretative and by templates. Materiality is influenced at more conservative levels in two circumstances: in the audit planning or upon field evidence collection, and according to the perception by an auditor of the relevance of a negative piece of information. However, it is influenced at less conservative levels only in audit planning when there is a historically acquired perception by the auditor on the effectiveness of internal controls and concerning the good character of the client\'s managers. As for academic studies, this dissertation aims to contribute towards increasing nation wide research on the subject area. As for accounting as a profession, it aims to reflect on the daily knowledge of the auditing field, that is considering that any given accountant may be an independent auditor (CFC, 1983). To society, it aims to provide more education on the work of an auditor to potentially millions of shareholders (investors, creditors, service providers, employees, government, etc.) who depend upon the trust placed in such professionals to their decisions. The study is a pioneer in the subject regarding the presentation of the subject materiality as a probability of perception of exposion risk to an auditor and in the understanding of the factors involved in the materiality judgment ex ante to the delivery of a final audit report.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a pérola como material e elemento simbólico para criação de obras plásticas. O texto estabelece relações entre este elemento, o corpo e a produção de obras artísticas. O texto propõe uma reflexão sobre a subjetividade e a memória na visualidade. A pesquisa também identifica e contextualiza diferentes artistas que usaram com a pérola na produção de arte moderna e contemporânea. / The objective of this research is to investigate the pearl as material and symbolic element for the creating of artworks. The text shows the relationship between this element, the body and art pieces. The text proposes a reflection on subjectivity and visual memory that it also identifies and contextualizes different artists that use the pearl in the production of the creation of modern and contemporary art.

Esta tese busca investigar como alguns desdobramentos da filosofia transcendental de Kant permitem conjugar a relação entre a tarefa crítica e a sistemática. A hipótese geral da pesquisa visa destacar a função da noção de sistema, na medida em que essa noção é esboçada, a partir da Crítica da razão pura, sob um ideal de racionalidade que encontra seu modelo geral em figuras como o organismo, a arquitetônica e o ideal transcendental. Uma vez determinadas estas caracterizações, busca-se indicar o respaldo que elas ganham no interior da compreensão da subjetividade, tal como ela é construída pela empreitada analítica da filosofia kantiana. Trata-se assim de evidenciar a complementaridade, ou também a tensão, entre o procedimento sistemático, exigido como expressão essencial de racionalidade, e o estabelecimento de uma subjetividade que, para além das fissuras que nela possam ser descobertas, tem que ser possuidora de um recurso reflexivo que permita atender à demanda sistemática de autocompreensão da razão. O elemento fundamental dessa investigação é a crítica de Kant à faculdade do juízo, por onde se torna possível pensar as demandas sistemáticas aliadas à pressuposição de um sujeito crítico e reflexivo. / This thesis investigates how some implications of Kants transcendental philosophy allow combining the relationship between the critical and systematic task. The general hypothesis of the research aims to highlight the role of the concept of system, insofar as this notion is outlined, from the Critique of Pure Reason, under an ideal of rationality that finds its general model in elements like the organism, the architectonic and the transcendental ideal. Once you have determined these characterizations, we try to indicate the support that they gain within the understanding of subjectivity as it is constructed from analytical works of Kant\'s philosophy. It intends therefore to highlight the complementarity or also the tension between the systematic procedure, required as an essential expression of rationality, and the establishment of a subjectivity that, in addition to the breaches that can be discovered in it, must be in possession of a reflective resource to meet the systematic demand of selfunderstanding of reason. The key element of this research is Kants critique of judgment, by which it becomes possible to think of the systematic demands allied to the assumption of a critical and reflective subject.

In this dissertation, I interrogate the relationship of the smartphone as a mobile screen technology with time-consciousness demanded of the entrepreneurial self in South Korea since the 1997 financial crisis. Neoliberalism has been largely discussed in terms of the structural shift in economy by the S. Korean mass media. However, neoliberalism is not merely an economic shift, but an overhaul of society, whose impact is rehearsed and reinforced in culture. One of the key elements of this culture is the idealization of entrepreneurism. I explain the rise of entrepreneurship, especially self-improvement as life ethic in neoliberal S. Korea. I also discuss it in relation to the developmental democratic citizenship, meaning that democratization in the late 1980s has been co-opted by the national motto of S. Korea, “economy first” established under dictatorship in the 1970s. Within such neoliberal culture, the smartphone socializes users into relentlessly self-improving subjects, offering what I describe as the “attractions of participation.” I examine the perceptual relationships between the mobile screen and the entrepreneurial self, particularly set up by two specific apps: the Facebook app and a series of the tourist augmented reality apps called In My Hands launched by the S. Korean government to promote tourism in the country. The Facebook app, I suggest, promotes self-therapy that is built through a new mode of autobiographical narrative that joins together fragmented events, experiences, or thoughts in a user’s day with others. Self-therapy is also performed through incessant scrolling and checking. This mode of construction of self-identity is a response to and participates in neoliberal ethic of self-care in S. Korea under the hyper stimulated affective universe of contemporary capitalism. The tourist AR apps produce the “knowledge worker,” i.e., the self-motivated, self-educated and driven intellectual labor of the global gig economy. These apps encourage the user to seek information about heritage sites instantaneously and as if in a game, reconfiguring the user’s relation to the place. I also contrast these apps with contemporary arts practices that pose alternative temporalities in terms of a notion of community and history. I explore Heung-soon Im’s documentary film Factory Complex (2014) and Hyun-suk Seo’s performance Heterotopia (2011), for their surrealistic evocation of the disorientations and contradictions of the neoliberal turn in S. Korea. In conclusion, I suggest the user’s contingent and alternative relation to the mobile screen through individual practices, along with the example of the democratic movement from 2016 winter to 2017 spring in S. Korea. Overall this dissertation develops an understanding of the entrepreneurial individual in a neoliberal world. It elaborates on the contradictions in neoliberalism between individual freedom and the voluntary subjugation to capital by the increasing precarity of life. This dissertation offers an understanding of the neoliberal culture of self-improvement and its relation to the mobile screen in S. Korean context. In addition, this is a theoretical attempt to understand the visuality of the computerized screen. It raises a question computer user is indeed an emancipated spectator occupying multiple perspectives. Lastly, this dissertation provides an opportunity to reconsider a variety of media art practices highlighting interactivity and participation in terms of subjectivity and time-consciousness.

Les neurosciences actuelles ont apporté, ces dernières décennies, des découvertes majeures sur les phénomènes d’inconscient, de la conscience et de la métacognition. En s’appuyant sur cette actualité scientifique d’une part et les connaissances accumulées depuis les premiers écrits de Freud d’autre part, il apparaît désormais possible d’entamer une articulation dialectique entre le modèle neuroscientifique et le modèle psychanalytique. Pour se faire, il convient de ne pas se contenter des définitions respectives de ces phénomènes : il faut en passer par l’analyse précise de ce sur quoi chacune des deux approches s’appuie pour les décrire.Concernant plus spécifiquement l’inconscient, quatre concepts sont inévitablement convoqués de part et d’autre : la perception, la mémoire, le temps et le langage. Néanmoins, le prolongement de la réflexion, vers la conscience et la métacognition, offre des perspectives plus larges encore : il permet d’aborder d’autres axiomes ou hypothèses comme, entre autres, l’espace de travail neuronal global, la résistance, le refoulement, l’équivoque ou l’incubation. A cela, s’ajoutent les récentes théories générales du cerveau qui, en neurosciences, supportent les questions autour de la subjectivité. Subjectivité qui, in fine, interroge sur ses dimensions conscientes et inconscientes. L’éclairage, possiblement réciproque entre neurosciences et psychanalyse, permet l’émergence de questionnements et de perspectives nouvelles. Aussi, une mise en tension dialectique de ces deux approches ouvre à l’enrichissement des connaissances sur ces phénomènes, voire à un renouvellement de ces notions fondamentales de la psychologie. / Currents neuroscience have made in recent decades, major discoveries about the unconscious, the consciousness and the metacognition. Based on this scientific news on the one hand and the knowledge accumulated since the early writings of Freud on the other hand, it now appears possible to start a dialectical link between the psychoanalytic and neuroscientific model. To do so, the respective definitions of these phenomena are insufficient: we must make an accurate analysis of the main concepts of those approaches. Concerning more specifically the unconscious, four concepts are inevitably convened on both sides: perception, memory, time and language. Nevertheless, the continuation of the reflection, toward consciousness and metacognition, offers wider prospects : it allows to address other axioms or assumptions such as, among others, the Global workspace, strength, repression, equivocation or incubation. To this are added the general theories of the brain, which approach the question of the subjectivity. But subjectivity finally asked about his conscious and unconscious aspects. Lighting, possibly reciprocal between neuroscience and psychoanalysis, allows the emergence of questions and new perspectives. Also, a dialectic exchange between both approaches open to the enrichment of knowledge about these phenomena or even a renewal of those basic concepts of psychology.

This thesis constitutes an interpretive ethnography of children’s educational experiences in rural Rwanda. It advances a theoretical argument for conceptualizing subjectivity, one which attends to how impersonal forces of political economy and history converge to inform children’s awareness, expectations, and perceptions of possibility. A decade ago, children from poor families in Rwanda had few opportunities to continue their studies beyond primary school. With the government’s recent introduction of basic education, more children now have access to more years in the formal education system—yet, poor education quality excluded them from meaningful participation within that system. Study findings suggest that children’s schooling functions as a contradictory resource: the same education policy reforms that aim to transform Rwanda into a knowledge-based economy have also introduced the perception of inequalities along the lines of economic status, ethnicity, language, and geographic location. The core of my study included a collaboration with 16 focal students. Their subjective experiences were the microcosm through which I investigated the nexus of individual and collective processes. Students grappled with what value their education had, what status it would confer, and whether it would lead to opportunities for social mobility. However, in absence of alternatives, most felt obliged to continue their studies—even as their educational experience produced a growing sense of disillusionment.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-09-29T12:33:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Mestre Passini.pdf: 995279 bytes, checksum: 17acf27fbf630e60823d017571468906 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T12:33:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Mestre Passini.pdf: 995279 bytes, checksum: 17acf27fbf630e60823d017571468906 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-22 / This research reaches to draw some reflective lines about coloniality in Brazilian reality, aiming to find where your reproducibility anchors and where the resistance movements in the social sphere are. Starting from concepts such as the Subjectivity Production, the Governmentality and the Unconscious Colonial-Capitalistic, reach to debate coloniality as a model of subjectivation, where governmental, elitist and oligarchical acts promote social maintenance of this subjective trait. In order to explain some governmental and subjective coloniality traits, was made a brief historical study based on work Raízes do Brasil, by Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, in addition to articles that report the performances of Brazilian politicians post-impeachment of Dilma Rousseff. By referencing and connecting the colonial policies practices described in the Holanda book, with the performances of politicians presented in the reports, it searches to explain the complexity of constant update of colonial values in socio-political scenario. In this, apparently crystallized by forms of existence that match the hierarchy of the current cultural grid, we introduce the cinema as a resistance point by its ritualistic capability on rearrenge the forces compositions made presents in this context. To explore this complexity, the film "The Second Mother?", by Anna Muylaert, was chosen because represent parts of the social and affectively movements placed on action in the period undertaken in this research. These are movements that encompass both the maintenance practices of socio-political order, as their contestation and destabilization practices. Recounting the film narrative, expose the layers of perception of the forces placed on clash in filmic plot. As we approach the characters through their experiences, we inhabit positions that our bodies potentially assume, whether in the arraignment of hierarchical maintenance, or in the management of other ways of living. The film, therefore, act as a device capable of assembling the rupture forces of the colonial-capitalistic model updated by social and governmental practices and, in this way, enables fertile space for the proliferation of existential territories that are not allowed to exist by the same modelling / A presente pesquisa busca traçar algumas linhas reflexivas acerca da colonialidade na realidade brasileira, objetivando encontrar onde se ancora sua reprodutibilidade e onde se fazem seus movimentos de resistência na esfera social. Partindo de conceitos como Produção de Subjetividade, Governamentalidade e Inconsciente Colonial-Capitalístico, procura-se pensar a colonialidade como um modelo de subjetivação, em que atos governamentais, elitistas e oligárquicos promovem a manutenção social desse traço subjetivo. Com o intuito de explanar sobre alguns traços da colonialidade governamental e subjetiva, é feito um breve estudo histórico embasado na obra Raízes do Brasil, de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, e em reportagens que relatam as atuações dos políticos brasileiros pós-impeachment de Dilma Rousseff. Ao referenciar e conectar as práticas políticas coloniais descritas no livro de Holanda com as atuações dos políticos apresentadas pelas reportagens, busca-se explicitar a complexidade da atualização constante dos valores coloniais no cenário político-social. Nesse cenário, aparentemente cristalizado por formas de existir que correspondem à hierarquia da grade cultural vigente, buscou-se o cinema como ponto de resistência, por esse apresentar certa potencialidade ritualística na recomposição das forças que se presentificam em tal contexto. Para explorar essa complexidade, o filme Que Horas Ela Volta?, de Anna Muylaert, foi escolhido por representar social e afetivamente parte dos movimentos colocados em ação no período de realização desta pesquisa. Trata-se de movimentos que englobam tanto as práticas de manutenção da ordem político-social vigente quanto as práticas de contestação e desestabilização. Recontando a narrativa do filme, expõem-se as camadas de percepção das forças colocadas em embate na trama fílmica. Ao nos aproximarmos dos personagens, habitamos, através de suas vivências, posicionamentos que assumimos potencialmente em nossos corpos, seja na denúncia da manutenção hierárquica, seja no agenciamento de outros modos de viver. O filme passa, portanto, a atuar como um dispositivo capaz de agenciar forças de ruptura à modelação colonial-capitalística atualizada pelas práticas sociais e governamentais e, desta maneira, possibilita espaço fértil para a proliferação de territórios existenciais que se encontram impedidos de existir por essa mesma modelação