Os retalhos cutâneos são amplamente utilizados na cirurgia plástica, principalmente na reparadora. Após o procedimento operatório, uma das principais complicações é a isquemia, podendo ocasionar a necrose do retalho. Vários recursos têm sido estudados com o intuito de aumentar a viabilidade desses retalhos. Dentre esses recursos, o laser de baixa intensidade é uma alternativa de tratamento, uma vez que pode promover um aumento da microcirculação e da neoformação vascular. Entretanto, existem discrepâncias na literatura em relação aos parâmetros empregados no uso do laser de baixa intensidade, principalmente das fluências utilizadas nos tratamentos. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de diferentes fluências do laser de 670nm, na viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos. Foram utilizados 100 ratos, da linhagem Wistar, distribuídos em 5 grupos de 20 animais cada. O retalho cutâneo randômico de base cranial foi realizado com dimensões de 10 X 4 cm e uma barreira plástica foi interposta entre o mesmo e o leito doador. O grupo 1 (controle) foi submetido à simulação de tratamento com o aparelho desligado. O grupo 2 foi submetido à radiação laser com fluência de 3 J/\'CM POT.2\'. Os grupos 3, 4 e 5 foram irradiados com fluências de 6 J/\'CM POT.2\', 12 J/\'CM POT.2\' e 24 J/\'CM POT.2\', respectivamente. Todos os grupos experimentais receberam a radiação laser imediatamente após o procedimento operatório e nos 4 dias subseqüentes, utilizando-se a técnica pontual em contato em 24 pontos distribuídos sobre e ao redor do retalho. No sétimo dia pós-operatório, as porcentagens da área de necrose dos retalhos foram avaliadas pelo método do gabarito de papel e também foi coletada uma amostra do retalho de 10 animais de cada grupo, escolhidos aleatoriamente, para a realização da contagem dos vasos sangüíneos. O grupo 1 apresentou média de área de necrose de 49,92%; o grupo 2 - 41,84%; o grupo 3 - 36,51%; o grupo 4 - 29,45% e o grupo 5 - 20,37%. Na contagem dos vasos, o grupo 1 obteve média de 65,2; o grupo 2 - 92,6; o grupo 3 - 105,5; o grupo 4 - 128,7 e o grupo 5 - 171,0. Na análise estatística, realizou-se a ANOVA, seguida do teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey. Os resultados mostraram que todos os grupos experimentais apresentaram valores estatisticamente significativos comparados ao grupo controle, sendo que o grupo 5 apresentou a menor área de necrose e o maior número de vasos quando comparado aos demais grupos deste estudo (p < 0,01). O teste de correlação linear de Pearson indicou alta correlação negativa entre a porcentagem de necrose e o número de vasos dos retalhos (-0,972 / p = 0,0001). O laser de baixa intensidade (670nm) aplicado com fluência de 24 J/\'CM POT.2\' foi mais eficaz no aumento da viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos, comparado às outras fluências utilizadas neste estudo. / Skin flaps are widely used in plastic surgery, mainly in repair surgeries. After this reconstructive procedure, one of the main consequences is the decrease of blood flow in the area, which can be responsible by tissue necrosis. In this context, a lot of studies have investigated treatments able to increase the viability of the flap and the low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been chosen as an efficient treatment to reduce post-injury inflammatory processes and to stimulate the formation of new blood vessels. However, the use of a wide range of fluences by different authors and the lack of standardized experimental conditions make it difficult to compare published results. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-response effects of 670nm laser on the viability of random skin flap in rats. One hundred Wistar male rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into 5 groups: group 1 (control group); group 2 (treated with 3 J/\'CM POT.2\'); group 3 (treated with 6 J/\'CM POT.2\'); group 4 (treated with 12 J/\'CM POT.2\') and group 5 (treated with 24 J/\'CM POT.2\'). The skin flap was made on the back of all animals studied (dimensions: 10 x 4 cm) and before the sutures were done, a plastic sheet was interposed between the flap and the donor site. Laser irradiation was performed immediately after the surgery and on days 1, 2, 3 and 4 post-surgery. The irradiation was made punctually, on 24 points on the skin surface and around it. The percentage of the necrosis area of the flap was calculated by the paper template method at the day 7 postoperative. Moreover, a sample of the skin flaps was collected from 10 rats of each group, which were chosen aleatory, to performe the count of the blood vessels. The animals of all treated groups showed statistically significant differences when compared to the control group (necrosis area: 49, 92%). The necrosis area of the treated groups were 41,82% (group 2), 36,51% (group 3), 29,45% (group 4) and 20,37% (group 5). In the count of blood vessels, group 1 showed the mean of 65,2; group 2 - 92,6; group 3 - 105,5; group 4 - 128,7 and group 5 - 171,0. The ANOVA test, followed by the Tukey test, for multiple comparasions were used. The results showed that all experimental groups showed statistically lower values for the necrosis area compared to the control and a higher number of blood vessels in the skin flap. It can be observed that the best results were found in the animals of group 5 (p < 0,01). In addition, the Pearson coefficient showed a significant negative correlation between necrosis area and the number of vessels (-0,972 / p = 0,0001). This present study has demonstrated that the 670nm laser was efficient to increase the viability of the skin flap, at all fluences used, with a tendency of reaching better results at higher dosages (24 J/\'CM POT.2\').

O prolapso da cúpula vaginal é uma patologia rara, que há mais de 100 anos sua fisiopatologia e tratamento têm sido alvo de discussão, devido ao grau de dificuldade de um tratamento com preservação da anatomia. A técnica considerada como padrão-ouro para esta correção é a promontofixação abdominal, porém a alta morbidade associada à laparotomia é um fator de restrição ao uso da técnica. Neste aspecto, as técnicas de abordagens vaginais oferecem vantagem de menor morbidade e menor tempo cirúrgico quando comparadas às técnicas abdominais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a Técnica da Sacropexia Infracoccígea na fixação da cúpula vaginal. Foram estudadas 36 mulheres com prolapso da cúpula vaginal no período de março de 2004 à fevereiro de 2008 as quais foram submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico para correção do prolapso segundo a Técnica da Sacropexia Infracoccígea. As mulheres foram estadiadas quanto ao grau do prolapso segundo a Padronização dos Prolapsos Genitais da ICS - POPq antes e após o procedimento e foram submetidas a avaliação da qualidade de vida através da aplicação do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida em Prolapso, nos mesmos períodos de avaliação do exame ginecológico. Para avaliar a cúpula vaginal foi utilizado o Ponto C do POPq e submetido a tratamento estatístico. As mulheres foram acompanhadas por um tempo médio de 30,9 meses (10 a 55 meses). O Ponto C avaliado antes e após o procedimento variou de média de +6 (antes do procedimento) para média de -6,5 (após 24 meses da correção). A variação do Ponto C foi estatisticamente significante. Houve somente uma recidiva do prolapso após 24 meses de avaliação. Quanto ao Questionário de Qualidade de vida houve redução significativa da pontuação pós-operatória, mostrando melhora importante na qualidade de vida das mulheres estudadas (p<0,05). Em uma média de 30,9 meses de estudo a técnica foi eficaz na redução do prolapso da cúpula vaginal e na melhora da qualidade de vida das mulheres estudadas. / The vaginal vault prolapse isn´t a common pathology that there are at least one hundred years it´s physiopathology and treatment have been discussed. It´s occurs mainly by the difficulty to find an anatomic preservation treatment. The most accept technique is the abdominal colposacropexy and it´s considered the gold standard for some authors, although the high morbidity associated with it is a restriction factor. On the other hand, the vaginal techniques take less morbidity and less surgical time to perform the procedure regards abdominal techniques. The objective of this work was to evaluate long-term results and long-term patients satisfaction of infracoccigeal sacropexy technique performed for massive vaginal vault prolapse. A prospective analysis was performed of 36 women who underwent vaginal vault prolapse correction by the infracoccigeal sacropexy technique during the period of march, 2004 to February, 2008. The gynecological exam was performed by the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Standardization (POP-q) and a validated questionnaire (Prolapse Quality of Life Questionnaire) was used to evaluate patients´ satisfaction before and after surgery, at the same evaluation periods. To evaluate the vaginal vault prolapse, the Point C of POPq was taken before and after surgery and an appropriate statistical analysis was performed. The women was followed by a mean time of 30,9 months (10 to 55 months). The point C variation media was +6 before the procedure to -6,5 after the procedure (after 24 months after surgery). It was statistically significant (p<0,05). There was only one vaginal vault prolapse recurrence after 24 months of evaluation. The quality of life questionnaire showed patients´ satisfaction was statistically improved after the procedure (p<0,05). Taking a mean time of 30,9 months the technique was efficient to reduce the vaginal vault prolapse and to improve the quality of life in the group of study.

Zhu, Fang. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-185). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

O prolapso da cúpula vaginal é uma patologia rara, que há mais de 100 anos sua fisiopatologia e tratamento têm sido alvo de discussão, devido ao grau de dificuldade de um tratamento com preservação da anatomia. A técnica considerada como padrão-ouro para esta correção é a promontofixação abdominal, porém a alta morbidade associada à laparotomia é um fator de restrição ao uso da técnica. Neste aspecto, as técnicas de abordagens vaginais oferecem vantagem de menor morbidade e menor tempo cirúrgico quando comparadas às técnicas abdominais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a Técnica da Sacropexia Infracoccígea na fixação da cúpula vaginal. Foram estudadas 36 mulheres com prolapso da cúpula vaginal no período de março de 2004 à fevereiro de 2008 as quais foram submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico para correção do prolapso segundo a Técnica da Sacropexia Infracoccígea. As mulheres foram estadiadas quanto ao grau do prolapso segundo a Padronização dos Prolapsos Genitais da ICS - POPq antes e após o procedimento e foram submetidas a avaliação da qualidade de vida através da aplicação do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida em Prolapso, nos mesmos períodos de avaliação do exame ginecológico. Para avaliar a cúpula vaginal foi utilizado o Ponto C do POPq e submetido a tratamento estatístico. As mulheres foram acompanhadas por um tempo médio de 30,9 meses (10 a 55 meses). O Ponto C avaliado antes e após o procedimento variou de média de +6 (antes do procedimento) para média de -6,5 (após 24 meses da correção). A variação do Ponto C foi estatisticamente significante. Houve somente uma recidiva do prolapso após 24 meses de avaliação. Quanto ao Questionário de Qualidade de vida houve redução significativa da pontuação pós-operatória, mostrando melhora importante na qualidade de vida das mulheres estudadas (p<0,05). Em uma média de 30,9 meses de estudo a técnica foi eficaz na redução do prolapso da cúpula vaginal e na melhora da qualidade de vida das mulheres estudadas. / The vaginal vault prolapse isn´t a common pathology that there are at least one hundred years it´s physiopathology and treatment have been discussed. It´s occurs mainly by the difficulty to find an anatomic preservation treatment. The most accept technique is the abdominal colposacropexy and it´s considered the gold standard for some authors, although the high morbidity associated with it is a restriction factor. On the other hand, the vaginal techniques take less morbidity and less surgical time to perform the procedure regards abdominal techniques. The objective of this work was to evaluate long-term results and long-term patients satisfaction of infracoccigeal sacropexy technique performed for massive vaginal vault prolapse. A prospective analysis was performed of 36 women who underwent vaginal vault prolapse correction by the infracoccigeal sacropexy technique during the period of march, 2004 to February, 2008. The gynecological exam was performed by the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Standardization (POP-q) and a validated questionnaire (Prolapse Quality of Life Questionnaire) was used to evaluate patients´ satisfaction before and after surgery, at the same evaluation periods. To evaluate the vaginal vault prolapse, the Point C of POPq was taken before and after surgery and an appropriate statistical analysis was performed. The women was followed by a mean time of 30,9 months (10 to 55 months). The point C variation media was +6 before the procedure to -6,5 after the procedure (after 24 months after surgery). It was statistically significant (p<0,05). There was only one vaginal vault prolapse recurrence after 24 months of evaluation. The quality of life questionnaire showed patients´ satisfaction was statistically improved after the procedure (p<0,05). Taking a mean time of 30,9 months the technique was efficient to reduce the vaginal vault prolapse and to improve the quality of life in the group of study.

Submitted by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2017-09-20T15:17:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Patricia Yvonne dissertaçao.pdf: 1524415 bytes, checksum: d32dc19e0cf309c87359898845afc4ea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2017-09-20T15:18:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Patricia Yvonne dissertaçao.pdf: 1524415 bytes, checksum: d32dc19e0cf309c87359898845afc4ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T15:18:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Patricia Yvonne dissertaçao.pdf: 1524415 bytes, checksum: d32dc19e0cf309c87359898845afc4ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Hospital Universitário Antonio Pedro / A micobacteriose pós-cirúrgica (MPC) vem emergindo nos últimos anos no Brasil e no mundo como uma infecção relacionada à assistência a saúde, representando um grave problema de saúde pública. Em 2006, vários casos foram informados à Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro (SES/RJ). A partir de março daquele ano, teve início um trabalho conjunto dessa Secretaria e do Ministério da Saúde, que definiu diretrizes para a confirmação do surto/epidemia, para o levantamento das causas, para a identificação das espécies do patógeno envolvido e para estabelecer medidas de prevenção e controle. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever os aspectos clínicos e sociodemográficos dos pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Infectologia do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP), Universidade Federal Fluminense, com diagnóstico de MPC no período 2006-2009. Casuística e métodos: De abril de 2006 a junho de 2009 foram atendidos no Serviço de Infectologia do HUAP 125 pacientes encaminhados pela SES/RJ por serem casos suspeitos ou confirmados de micobacteriose não tuberculosa adquirida após procedimentos cirúrgicos. Os pacientes chegaram ao HUAP com a ficha própria de notificação de caso de MPC preenchida com os dados da identificação, do procedimento relacionado à infecção, da abordagem diagnóstica e da terapêutica prévia. O tratamento medicamentoso obedeceu às diretrizes estabelecidas pela SES/RJ e pela Agência Nacional de Saúde. Os dados contidos nestas fichas, bem como outras informações concernentes à evolução clínica, tratamento dispensado no HUAP e resposta terapêutica, foram inseridos em um banco de dados especialmente desenvolvido para a pesquisa. Resultados: A maior parte dos casos de MPC ocorreu em pacientes do sexo feminino (77,6%) e a colecistectomia laparoscópica foi o procedimento cirúrgico mais frequente (48,8%). A média do período de incubação foi de 41 dias e a mediana de 31 dias, O sinal clínico mais comum foi a presença de secreção (86,5%), seguida da de nodulações (65,6%). A maior parte dos casos apresentou lesões superficiais e múltiplas (44,8%). Em 45,6% dos casos foram colhidos suabes e tecido para cultura antes do início do tratamento e a positividade deste material foi de 43,5%, valor significantemente maior que o observado quando a coleta de material foi feita após o início do tratamento (16,7%). O tratamento com três fármacos (claritromicina, etambutol e terizidona) foi feito em 90,4% (113/125) dos pacientes, com duração média de 226 dias e mediana de 229 dias. Foram submetidos a pelo menos uma abordagem cirúrgica 77,6% (97/125) dos casos, principalmente aqueles que apresentavam lesões profundas (44/56). Efeitos adversos foram observados em 62,4% (78/125) dos casos, sendo boca amarga o mais frequente. Conclusão: Apesar do longo tempo de tratamento com múltiplos fármacos, a grande maioria dos pacientes aderiu ao tratamento e evoluiu para a cura sem recidivas. / Post-surgical mycobacteriosis (PSM) is emerging as a serious public health problem in Brazil and in the world. In 2006 a number of infections were reported to the Secretary of Health in the Rio de Janeiro State. Starting in March of this year, a joint effort was initiated by this Secretary and the Ministry of Health, in order to set up guidelines to confirm the outbreak/epidemic, to identify its causes, to identify the species of the pathogen involved, and to establish measures of prevention and control. The aim of this work was to describe the clinical and sociodemographic findings of the patients treated at the Infectious Diseases Service of Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP), Universidade Federal Fluminense, who had PSM from 2006 to 2009. Patients and Methods: From April 2006 to June 2009, 125 patients were referred by the Secretary of Health of the Rio de Janeiro State to HUAP with suspected or confirmed PSM. Each patient arrived at HUAP had a PSM case report form with data on identification, infection-related procedures, diagnostic approaches, and previous therapy. The treatment was defined by the Secretary of Health of the Rio de Janeiro State and the Health National Agency. The data from these case report forms, as well as other information associated with clinical evolution, treatment at HUAP, and therapeutic response were inserted into a database specially developed for this research. Results: Most PSM cases occurred in female patients (77.6%) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy was the most frequent surgery (48.8%). The mean incubation period was 41 days (median: 31 days). The most common presentation was drainage (86.5%) and nodules (65.6%). Most cases had multiple and superficial lesions (44.8%). Swab and tissue cultures were performed before treatment in 45.6% of the patients and their positivity was 43.5%, value significantly higher than that found when the specimens were obtained after the onset of treatment (16,7%). Most patients (90.4% - 113/125) were treated with a combined therapy using 3 drugs (clarithromycin, ethambutol and terizidone), with a mean duration of 226 days (median: 229 days). Surgical debridement was performed in 77.6% (97/125) of the cases, mainly in those with deep tissues lesions (44/56). Drug adverse effects occurred in 62.4% (78/125) of the cases, and bitter taste was the most common. Conclusion: In spite of multiple-drug and long-term treatment, most patients adhered to therapy and evolved to cure without relapses.

A reconstrução microcirúrgica de faringe e esôfago com jejuno é uma das opções para a reparação de defeitos resultantes de faringolaringectomias. Suas principais vantagens são: o diâmetro da alça jejunal é compatível com o diâmetro das bocas faríngea e esofágica, apresenta menos estenose do que reconstruções cutâneas e há menos contaminação do que quando se emprega o cólon. Entretanto, o pedículo vascular é, por vezes, curto; além disso, as paredes flácidas do intestino delgado e sua secreção mucosa dificultam a adaptação de prótese fonatórias. Finalmente, é necessária uma laparotomia para a obtenção do segmento jejunal, o que aumenta a potencial morbidade operatória. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar de forma retrospectiva os aspectos técnicos, mobi-mortalidade e resultados funcionais de uma série de doentes submetidos a este método reconstrutivo, numa única instituição. No período de 1989 a 2000, 35 pacientes do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 55 anos, foram submetidos à reconstrução faringoesofágica com retalho microcirúrgico de jejuno, no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Trinta e quatro doentes eram portadores de tumores malignos do trato aerodigestivo alto, e um sofreu um ferimento cervical por arma de fogo. Onze casos foram previamente submetidos à radioterapia. A reconstrução foi imediata na maioria dos casos (85,7%). Através de laparotomia mediana supra-umbilical, escolheu-se segmento de alça jejunal de tamanho compatível, situado de 30 a 50 cm do ângulo do Treitz e nutrido por ramos longos dos vasos mesentéricos superiores, atentando-se para preservar a continuidade da arcada vascular primária em todo o segmento a ser transplantado. Este foi transposto para o seu leito definitivo sempre em posição isoperistáltica. Obteve-se um restabelecimento do trânsito digestivo alto em 84,0% dos casos. Houve perda do retalho em 14%, e a taxa de mortalidade foi de 2,9%, ocasionada por abdome agudo obstrutivo. O resultado funcional foi avaliado através de escala de pontuação de Schechter, incluindo parâmetros como deglutição, voz e peso corpóreo. Em 45% dos casos, observou-se uma pontuação entre 5 e 6, evidenciando uma boa qualidade de reabilitação. Em virtude da gravidade dos doentes e da magnitude dos atos operatórios, concluiu-se que a reconstrução faringoesofágica com retalho microcirúrgico jejunal foi um método exeqüível em nosso meio, oferecendo uma boa qualidade de reabilitação funcional, com morbi-mortalidade aceitável / Microsurgical reconstruction of the esophagus and pharynx with a jejunal segment is one of the current options available for repairing defects caused by pharyngolaryngectomies. Main advantages of this technique are: compatible diameters of the jejunal segment with the pharyngeal and esophageal openings, lower incidence of stenosis when compared to cutaneous reconstructions, and less contamination in relation to techniques using colonic fragments. Nevertheless, the vascular pedicle is sometimes too short and the flaccid walls of the jejunum associated with its mucous secretion render adaptation to phonatory prosthesis more difficult. Finally, operative morbidity may be increased due to the need for laparotomy in order to obtain the jejunal segment. The aim of this work was to evaluate, in a retrospective fashion, the technical aspects, morbi-mortality and functional results of a series of patients submitted to this reconstructive method at a single institution. During the period of 1989 to 2000 a total of 35 male patients with an average age of 55 years received a microsurgical flap of the jejunum for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction, at the Hospital das Clínicas of São Paulo University Medical School. Thirty four patients had malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract and one had a injury. Eleven cases had been previously submitted to radiotherapy. The majority of patients (85.7%) underwent reconstruction immediately following ablative surgery. By means of median supraumbilical laparotomy an intestinal segment located 30 to 50 cm away from the angle of Treitz was chosen taking into note that it had to be nourished by long branches of the superior mesenteric vessels and to also maintain its continuity to the primary vascular arcade throughout the segment to be transplanted. The segment was transposed to its definitive vascular bed always respecting an isoperistaltic position. Functional effective restoration of the higher digestive transit was possible in 84.0% of cases. Graft loss occurred in 14%, and the mortality rate was of 2.9%, caused by obstructive acute abdomen. Functional results were evaluated according to the Schechter scoring scale, where parameters such as swallowing, voice and weight are taken into account. In 45% of the cases the scores were between 5 and 6, representing good repairing quality. Considering the degree of severity of these patients and the magnitude of the surgical procedures, we concluded that pharyngoesophageal reconstruction utilizing microsurgical jejunal flaps is a feasible method with good functional rehabilitation results and acceptable morbidity and mortality rates for our patient population

Der zielgerichtete Einsatz innovativer Operationstextilien ist eine wichtige Maßnahme zur perioperativen Infektionsprophylaxe. Operationsmäntel und -abdecktücher sind den Bereichen Mehrweg- und Einwegprodukte zuzuordnen, mit deren Nutzung ein entsprechender Ressourcenverbrauch sowie Schadstoffbelastung verbunden sind. Den Anwendern ist die Auswahl kostengünstiger und umweltfreundlicher Produkte, gleiche Funktionalität vorausgesetzt, zurzeit nicht möglich, da Operationstextilien bislang in dieser Ganzheitlichkeit noch nicht betrachtet und untersucht worden sind. Das interdisziplinäre Verbundvorhaben befasst sich deshalb mit der ganzheitlichen Evaluierung innovativer Operationstextilien unter realen Praxisbedingungen nach funktionalen, hygienischen sowie ökologisch und ökonomischen Aspekten im Verlaufe ihres Lebenszyklus. Das Verbundvorhaben wird in 4 Teilprojekten mit folgenden wissenschaftlichen Zielstellungen bearbeitet: - Entwicklung einer Methode zur ganzheitlichen Evaluierung von OP-Textilien - Bewertung der Barrierewirkung von OP-Textilien hinsichtlich ihrer Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen in Abhängigkeit von den Nutzungszyklen - Bewertung der Barrierewirkung von OP-Textilien hinsichtlich ihrer Qualität und Konformität in Abhängigkeit von den Nutzungszyklen - Mikrobiologische und physikalische Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Struktur von Operationstextilien auf deren Dampfsterilisation unter Praxisbedingungen - Ökonomische und ökologische Aspekte beim Erhalt der Barrierewirkung - Verknüpfung der funktionalen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Bewertungen zur Erstellung von Entscheidungsinstrumenten für den indikationsgerechten Einsatz von OP-Textilien. / The specific use of innovative O.R. textiles is an important measure for the perioperative infection prophylaxis. Surgical gowns and drapes are available as single-use and re-usable products. Their use is connected with the corresponding consumption of resources and environmental pollution. At present, the selection of cost-saving and environmental-friendly products with a high level of protection is not possible, because O.R. textiles have not been integral investigated up to now. Hence, the interdisciplinary project is dealing with the holistic evaluation of O.R. textiles according to hygienic, ecological and economic criteria during their life cycle influenced by real conditions in practice. The integrated project consists of 4 sub projects with the following scientific objectives: - developing of a method for the holistic evaluation of O.R. textiles - assessment of the barrier effect of the O.R. textiles in reference to the structure-properties-relations depending on the use cycles - assessment of the barrier effect of the O.R. textiles in reference to the quality and conformity depending on the use cycle - microbiological and physical investigations regarding to the influence of the structure of the O.R. textiles on the steam sterilisation in practice - ecological and economic assessment of reprocessing and preservation of the barrier function depending on the use cycles.

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Surgical face masks have been designed to protect health care professionals from the splashes of the patients’ blood or body fluids and also to minimise the transmission of oro- and nasopharyngeal bacteria from the surgical team to the patient’s wounds, thereby decreasing the likelihood of postoperative surgical site infections during a surgical procedure. However, there are several ways in which surgical face masks could potentially contribute to contamination of the wound during a surgical procedure in the operating room. The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the effectiveness of surgical face masks as a protective barrier during a surgical procedure in the operating room in the public hospitals in the North West Province, South Africa and to formulate recommendations regarding surgical face masks worn by health care professionals during a surgical procedure in the operating rooms. A systematic review was conducted, followed by a quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach. The motivation for a systematic review was to search evidence on surgical face mask efficiency. A search strategy was conducted in February and March 2012 and the total initial search was 9,933 research articles. Screening of articles on effectiveness of surgical face masks during a surgical procedure was done. After six months the search was updated and the final sample of six relevant articles (n=6) was obtained. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised based on the scores using standardised critical appraisal tools. The findings of this research project were synthesised and evaluated in order to come to conclusions. Conclusions were integrated and synthesised as the basis of developing a clear overview of the best quality empirical evidence about effectiveness of surgical face masks during a surgical procedure in the operating room. Recommendations were formulated for the nursing practice, education and research focussing on wearing a surgical face mask during a surgical procedure in the operating room. Reviewer’s conclusion: From the limited results it is unclear whether wearing surgical face masks during a surgical procedure in the operating room serve as a protective device for both surgical team and the patient. There is a need for further research. / Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Surgical face masks have been designed to protect health care professionals from the splashes of the patients’ blood or body fluids and also to minimise the transmission of oro- and nasopharyngeal bacteria from the surgical team to the patient’s wounds, thereby decreasing the likelihood of postoperative surgical site infections during a surgical procedure. However, there are several ways in which surgical face masks could potentially contribute to contamination of the wound during a surgical procedure in the operating room. The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the effectiveness of surgical face masks as a protective barrier during a surgical procedure in the operating room in the public hospitals in the North West Province, South Africa and to formulate recommendations regarding surgical face masks worn by health care professionals during a surgical procedure in the operating rooms. A systematic review was conducted, followed by a quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach. The motivation for a systematic review was to search evidence on surgical face mask efficiency. A search strategy was conducted in February and March 2012 and the total initial search was 9,933 research articles. Screening of articles on effectiveness of surgical face masks during a surgical procedure was done. After six months the search was updated and the final sample of six relevant articles (n=6) was obtained. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised based on the scores using standardised critical appraisal tools. The findings of this research project were synthesised and evaluated in order to come to conclusions. Conclusions were integrated and synthesised as the basis of developing a clear overview of the best quality empirical evidence about effectiveness of surgical face masks during a surgical procedure in the operating room. Recommendations were formulated for the nursing practice, education and research focussing on wearing a surgical face mask during a surgical procedure in the operating room. Reviewer’s conclusion: From the limited results it is unclear whether wearing surgical face masks during a surgical procedure in the operating room serve as a protective device for both surgical team and the patient. There is a need for further research. / Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.