The eighteenth century is primarily known for the development of codes of etiquette, the refinement of manners and the artistic cultivation of the beautiful and the sublime, but there is at the same time a strand of highly visceral, often stomach-turning texts and images that coexist alongside the push for a much more polite and urbane culture. My dissertation, “Evoking Disgust in the Eighteenth Century,” looks at a wide range of scientific, literary and ephemeral texts to excavate the ways that disgust both persisted and transformed across the century. These range from the poems of Jonathan Swift, the novels of Tobias Smollett, Evelina by Frances Burney, and George Psalmanazar’s An Historical and Geographical Description of Formosa. I argue that disgust served as both a boundary line that can tell us the kinds of behaviors, objects and bodies that should not be tolerated in society, and as an emotion that could be trained and cultivated to guide the disgust reactions of readers.

No description available.

Equações diferenciais de quarta ordem aparecem naturalmente na modelagem de oscilações de estruturas elásticas, como aquelas observadas em pontes pênseis. São considerados dois modelos que descrevem as oscilações no tabuleiro de uma ponte. No modelo unidimensional estudamos blow up em espaço finito de soluções de uma classe de equações diferenciais de quarta ordem. Os resultados apresentados solucionam uma conjectura apresentada em [F. Gazzola and R. Pavani. Wide oscillation finite time blow up for solutions to nonlinear fourth order differential equations. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 207(2):717752, 2013] e implicam a não existência de ondas viajantes com baixa velocidade de propagação em uma viga. No modelo bidimensional analisamos uma equação não local para uma placa longa e fina, suportada nas extremidades menores, livre nas demais e sujeita a protensão. Provamos existência e unicidade de solução fraca e estudamos o seu comportamento assintótico sob amortecimento viscoso. Estudamos ainda a estabilidade de modos simples de oscilação, os quais são classificados como longitudinais ou torcionais. / Fourth order differential equations appear naturally when modeling oscillations in elastic structures such as those observed in suspension bridges. Two models describing oscillations in the roadway of a bridge are considered. In the one-dimensional model we study finite space blow up of solutions for a class of fourth order differential equations. The results answer a conjecture presented in [F. Gazzola and R. Pavani. Wide oscillation finite time blow up for solutions to nonlinear fourth order differential equations. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 207(2):717752, 2013] and imply the nonexistence of beam oscillation given by traveling wave profile with low speed propagation. In the two-dimensional model we analyze a nonlocal equation for a thin narrow prestressed rectangular plate where the two short edges are hinged and the two long edges are free. We prove existence and uniqueness of weak solution and we study its asymptotic behavior under viscous damping. We also study the stability of simple modes of oscillations which are classified as longitudinal or torsional.

La monnaie est au coeur des rapports de droit et d’obligation qui se créent dans les transactions des plus simples au plus complexes. Cette prépondérance de la monnaie trouve sa justification dans ses fonctions juridiques et économiques d’instrument de mesure, de réserve de la valeur de biens et services, et également de sa fonction de moyen de paiement. Les flux quotidiens de monnaie révèlent cette importance. Si ces rapports de droit doublés d’une dimension économique sont habituellement confinés dans un cadre géographique étatique, ils suivent aujourd’hui une tendance à l’internationalisation. La circulation de la monnaie suit la même tendance en dépassant le simple cadre des États. Pour assurer le transfert de la monnaie par-delà les frontières, diverses techniques ont pendant longtemps été utilisées. Les premières apparurent dans les foires du Moyen Âge avec l’utilisation des effets de commerce (lettre de change et billet à ordre) et plus tardivement du chèque. Ces premières techniques traditionnelles qui ont la particularité de reposer sur du support papier déclinent et cèdent la place à de nouvelles techniques (virement électronique, carte électronique, porte-monnaie électronique). L’exigence de célérité inhérente à l’activité commerciale a fait ressentir un besoin d’innovation qui s’est traduit par la création de nouvelles techniques de transfert de la monnaie voire d’une nouvelle forme de monnaie : la « monnaie électronique ». Une autre innovation majeure réside dans l’émergence grâce à l’informatique des « systèmes de paiement » qui constituent un nouveau cadre de réalisation des transferts de fonds.L’élément d’extranéité inhérent au caractère international de l’utilisation des nouvelles techniques de transfert de monnaie pose la récurrente problématique des conflits de lois. Si pour les techniques traditionnelles de transferts de fonds, des initiatives d’uniformisation (conventions de Genève relatives à la lettre de change et au chèque) ont permis de résoudre à certains égards cette difficulté, il n’existe pas pour l’heure un cadre légal spécifique régissant l’utilisation internationale des nouvelles techniques de transfert de fonds. Il n’existe non plus à l’échelle internationale, de texte législatif régissant les nouveaux systèmes de transferts de fonds. Face à ce vide législatif, ne convient-il pas de prendre en considération la nature contractuelle des relations qui se nouent grâce à l’informatique dans les systèmes de transferts de fonds et de déterminer une « loi contractuelle » qui aurait vocation à régir les nouvelles techniques de transferts de fonds présentant un caractère international ? Cette thèse se propose à cet effet de démontrer la nature contractuelle des divers rapports qui se nouent dans les systèmes des transferts internationaux de fonds. Une telle qualification contractuelle en amont permet de soutenir en aval l’idée d’une applicabilité d’un régime contractuel aux nouvelles techniques de transferts de fonds. / Legal relations are based essentially on the monetary obligations. The dominant role of money is explained by its legal and economic functions. The daily flow of money transfers attest this importance. If those legal and economic relations are usually located in a limited geographical area, they now follow a movement towards internationalization. The circulation of money also follows the same movement beyond the simple framework of a country. To ensure the funds transfer across borders, various techniques have long time allowed to make international money transfers. Early techniques appeared in fairs of the middle Ages, with the use of commercial paper (bill of exchange or promissory note) and later the check. These traditional instruments which have the characteristic of being based on the paper declined to give way to new techniques. The celerity required by business, has created a need of innovation. It explains the creation of new techniques of money transfer and a new form of currency: the "electronic money”. Another important innovation is the emergence through the computing, "systems" that are a new framework of funds transfers.The foreign element related to international nature of the new techniques of money transfer raises the legal problem of conflict of laws. If for traditional techniques of fund transfer, standardization initiatives (Geneva Conventions on bills of exchange and checks) seem to have solved this problem, there is not presently, any uniform law governing the international use of new techniques of funds transfer. So, is it necessary to consider the nature of contractual relationships which are formed thanks to computing in systems in order to determine a “contract law” able to govern the new techniques of international funds transfers.

Equações diferenciais de quarta ordem aparecem naturalmente na modelagem de oscilações de estruturas elásticas, como aquelas observadas em pontes pênseis. São considerados dois modelos que descrevem as oscilações no tabuleiro de uma ponte. No modelo unidimensional estudamos blow up em espaço finito de soluções de uma classe de equações diferenciais de quarta ordem. Os resultados apresentados solucionam uma conjectura apresentada em [F. Gazzola and R. Pavani. Wide oscillation finite time blow up for solutions to nonlinear fourth order differential equations. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 207(2):717752, 2013] e implicam a não existência de ondas viajantes com baixa velocidade de propagação em uma viga. No modelo bidimensional analisamos uma equação não local para uma placa longa e fina, suportada nas extremidades menores, livre nas demais e sujeita a protensão. Provamos existência e unicidade de solução fraca e estudamos o seu comportamento assintótico sob amortecimento viscoso. Estudamos ainda a estabilidade de modos simples de oscilação, os quais são classificados como longitudinais ou torcionais. / Fourth order differential equations appear naturally when modeling oscillations in elastic structures such as those observed in suspension bridges. Two models describing oscillations in the roadway of a bridge are considered. In the one-dimensional model we study finite space blow up of solutions for a class of fourth order differential equations. The results answer a conjecture presented in [F. Gazzola and R. Pavani. Wide oscillation finite time blow up for solutions to nonlinear fourth order differential equations. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 207(2):717752, 2013] and imply the nonexistence of beam oscillation given by traveling wave profile with low speed propagation. In the two-dimensional model we analyze a nonlocal equation for a thin narrow prestressed rectangular plate where the two short edges are hinged and the two long edges are free. We prove existence and uniqueness of weak solution and we study its asymptotic behavior under viscous damping. We also study the stability of simple modes of oscillations which are classified as longitudinal or torsional.

Today's mobile development resides in the two main operating systems Android and iOS. It is popular to develop mobile applications individually for each respective platform, referred to as native development. To reduce additional costs, cross-platform solutions have emerged that enable shared development for both platforms. Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile (KMM) is a relatively unexplored cross-platform tool developed by JetBrains. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of iOS applications developed in KMM compared to native Swift. We compare the two approaches for developing iOS apps by compiling a benchmark suite and measuring the performance metrics execution time, memory consumption, and CPU usage. Our benchmark suite is a collection of 7 benchmarks consisting of high-level functionalities networking and database management, as well as low-level computational tasks from the Computer Language Benchmarks Game (CLBG) suite. For the studied benchmarks, the results indicate that KMM generally achieves faster execution times, as higher memory consumption and CPU usage. but with a trade-off overhead in higher memory consumption and CPU usage. We have found KMM to achieve up to 2,7 seconds faster execution time, consume up to 390MB more memory, and up to 30% more CPU than with native Swift. libraries achieve faster execution times, but with a trade-off overhead in increased memory consumption and CPU usage. Besides, our results highlight correlations between the garbage collection cycles of KMM with profiling patterns of memory consumption and CPU usage. the specific benchmark implementations analyzed, and the device used to benchmark them. studies are therefore needed to further generalize our conclusions. / Den nutida mobilutvecklingen domineras av de två huvudsakliga operativsystemen Android och iOS. Det är populärt att utveckla mobilapplikationer separat för varje plattform, så kallad native utveckling. För att minska kostnader relaterade till native utveckling har plattformsoberoende lösningar tillkommit, som istället möjliggör delad utveckling för båda plattformarna. Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile (KMM) är ett relativt outforskat plattformsoberoende verktyg utvecklat av JetBrains. Syftet med denna studie är att utvärdera prestandan hos iOS-applikationer utvecklade i KMM jämfört med native Swift. Vi jämför de två tillvägagångssätten för att utveckla iOS-appar genom att sammanställa en benchmark-svit och mäta prestandametrikerna exekveringstid, minnesanvändning och CPU-användning. Vår benchmark svit består av 7 benchmark-program som omfattar högnivåfunktionaliteter som nätverk- och databashantering, samt lågnivåfunktionaliteter med benchmark-algoritmer från Computer Language Benchmarks Game (CLBG)-sviten. För att exekvera benchmark-programmen och samla in prestandametriker har en applikation utvecklats och använts för att utföra våra experiment på en iOS-enhet. För de undersökta benchmark-programmen visar resultaten att KMM generellt uppnår snabbare exekveringstider, men med en kompromiss i form av ökad minnesanvändning och CPU-användning. Vi har observerat att KMM kan uppnå upp till 2,7 sekunder snabbare exekveringstid, förbruka upp till 390MB mer minne och upp till 30% mer CPU-användning jämfört med native Swift. Dessutom antyder våra resultat korrelationer mellan KMM Garbage Collection cykler och profileringsbeteendet i dess minnes- och CPU-användning.

Despite his own conservative values, D.H. Lawrence writes sexually liberated female characters. The most subversive female characters in Lawrence’s oeuvre are the Brangwens of The Rainbow. The Brangwens are prototypical models of a form of femininity that connects women to Nature while distancing them from society; his women are cast as monsters, but are strengthened from their link with Nature. They represent what I am calling the Lawrentian-Woman. The Lawrentian-Woman has proven influential for contemporary British authors. I examine the Lawrentian-Woman’s adoption by later writers and her evolution from modernist frame to postmodern appropriation. First, I look at the Brangwens. They establish the tropes of the Lawrentian-Woman and provide the base from which to compare the model’s subsequent mutations. Next, I examine modern British writers and their appropriation of the Lawrentian-Woman. The Lawrentian-Woman’s attributes remain intact, but are deconstructed in ways that explore women’s continued liminality in patriarchal society.

No description available.

Die Bestrahlung von tetraedrisch amorphen Kohlenstoff (ta-C) mit schnellen schweren Ionen führt zur Bildung von mikroskopischen elektrisch leitfähigen Ionenspuren mit Durchmessern um 10 nm. Dieses Phänomen ist auf das sp² zu sp³ Hybridisierungsverhältnis des amorphen Kohlenstoffes zurückzuführen. Das einschlagende Ion deponiert eine große Menge Energie innerhalb des Spurvolumens, so dass eine Materialtransformation hin zu höheren sp² Hybridisierung stattfindet. Hierdurch wird die elektrische Leitfähigkeit der Ionenspur stark erhöht. Dieser Effekt kann durch die Zugabe von Verunreinigungen wie Kupfer verstärkt werden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die umfassende Analyse des elektrischen Verhaltens von ta-C mit besonderen Augenmerk auf die Auswirkungen von Kupferverunreinigungen und Ionenspuren. Der Effekt von Kupferverunreinigungen auf das wichtige Hybridisierungsverhältnis vom amorphen Kohlenstoff wird vermessen. Darüber hinaus wurden alle Proben elektrisch mit makroskopischen Kontakten im Temperaturbeireich von 20 K bis 380 K analysiert. Mikroskopisch wurden einzelne leitfähige Ionenspuren mit Hilfe von atomarer Kraftmikroskopie betrachtet. Die statistische Verteilung der Spureigenschaften in Kohlenstofffilmen mit verschiedenen Kupferkonzentrationen werden verglichen, um die Spurbildung besser zu verstehen. Die normalisierten durchschnittlichen Spurleitfähigkeiten aus mikroskopischen und makroskopischen Messungen werden verglichen. Hierbei kann die Zuverlässigkeit der beiden experimentellen Methoden bewertet werden und mögliche Fehlerquellen ausfindig gemacht werden. Schließlich wird ein Konzept für eine Anwendung unterbrochener Ionenspuren gezeigt.

This thesis combines two current trends - the Internet of Things and Urban Agriculture. It describes technologies for wireless sensors communication in smart homes and hardware for their implementation. Based on these technologies smart hardware for automatic plants growing is implemented and connected to cloud with remote access via iOS mobile application.