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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

The counter stereotypical gender dilemma : A qualitative study about women and their experience of the counter stereotypical gender dilemma when deciding salary claims in salary negotiations

Vershovsky, Viktoria January 2019 (has links)
This study focuses on the mechanisms of women behaviour in salary negotiation, inparticular the counter-stereotypical gender dilemma, a concept this study develops. The dilemma is based on a conflict between the woman role (with characteristics such assubmissiveness, friendliness and communality) and the negotiator role (with conflicting male characteristics such as being strong, being dominant, being assertive and being rational) and is defined as the dilemma of whether to act in accordance to the gender stereotypical role or counter the stereotypical gender role in salary negotiations. The purpose of this study is thus to deepen the understanding of women behaviour in wage negotiations and in the long run contribute to pay equality between men and women. The research question is: how do women experience the counter-stereotypical gender dilemma when deciding salary claims in salary negotiations? 12 women working in white collar – female dominated professions were interviewed. The findings showed that women experienced salary negotiations as in conflict with their sense of self, this sense of self included many characteristics of the stereotypical woman role. This conflict caused women to lower their salary claims as they found high salary claims to be in conflict with who they are. The participating woman also expected backlash for going outside the woman role and claim high salary, this also caused women to lower their salary claims. However the findings also showed that women developed strategies to deal with this dilemma and contexts that mitigated the dilemma where identified.
192

Varför väljer personal att lämna stora revisionsbyråer? : Hur påverkar motivation och arbetstillfredsställelse revisorers och redovisningskonsulters beslut att lämna de stora revisionsbyråerna? / Why do staff choose to leave large audit firms? : How does motivation and job satisfaction affect accountants decision to leave the large audit firms?

Kefalas, Katerina, Broman, Elin January 2019 (has links)
Bakgrund Hög omsättning av personal har länge varit ett problem inom de stora revisionsbyråerna och det är inte ovanligt att många väljer att avsluta sin tjänst efter bara några år. Många ser sin anställning på en stor revisionsbyrå som ett förberedande steg i karriären för att sedan söka sig vidare. Syfte Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur revisorer och redovisningskonsulter upplevde motivation på sin tidigare arbetsplats och hur motivation och arbetstillfredsställelse påverkade deras beslut att avsluta sin anställning. Metod Den här kvalitativa studien är genomförd med en deduktiv ansats med induktiva inslag där empiri har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med revisorer och redovisningskonsulter. Slutsats Studien visar på att det finns flera anledningar till att revisorer och redovisningskonsulter väljer att lämna sin arbetsplats och att det är många olika faktorer som påverkar motivation och arbetstillfredsställelse. Det som gav våra respondenter mest motivation var den roliga kundkontakten. Faktorer som fått våra respondenter att lämna sin arbetsplats var lön, stress kombinerat med hög arbetsbörda, att de hade för många arbetsuppgifter som inte hade med kunderna att göra, företagsledningen, erbjudande om andra jobbmöjligheter och att de ville testa på något nytt. / Introduction A high turnover of staff has been a problem in the large auditing firms for a long time. It is not unusual that many people choose to leave their firm after just a few years. Some people see their employment at a large auditing firm as a preparatory step in their careers. Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate how accountants experienced motivation at their previous workplace and how motivation and job satisfaction affected their decision to terminate their employment. Method This qualitative study is pursued through a deductive approach with inductive elements where empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with accountants. Conclusion The study indicates that there are several reasons why accountants choose to leave their workplace and that there are many different factors that affect motivation and job satisfaction. What gave our respondents the most motivation was the customer contact and to help their customers. Factors that caused our respondents to leave their workplace were salary, stress in combination with an excessively high workload, that they had too many tasks that did not have to do with their clients, the management and other job opportunities.
193

Análise da equiparação salarial no trabalho artístico do ator a partir da fenomenologia dos fatos jurídicos

Nakamura, Miliana Sanchez 24 June 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miliana Sanchez Nakamura.pdf: 940661 bytes, checksum: c47b3e092443e9099813678be2f5ee60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-24 / Salary parity is a legal obligation deriving from principles of equality that aims to prevent discrimination in the workplace and to get the social justice and the equality to employees. For all this, in the first moment, the salary parity rule is applied indiscriminately to all employees. This work analyzes the world of actor s artistic job, with all related facts in this job, using the phenomenology theory of legal facts for checking if in this case there is phatic support when the work of one actor is comparable with the work of another actor. The phenomenology theory of legal facts has been applied to the analysis of salary parity in the acting industry in order to help law professionals to analyze and to understand the facts related to the world of actor s artistic job, diminishing the legal uncertainty generated by the lack of consensus regarding the matter / A equiparação salarial é uma regra jurídica que tem como origem princípios de igualdade que objetivam coibir atos discriminatórios, alcançar a justiça social e incentivar tratamentos isonômicos aos empregados. Neste contexto, a regra da equiparação salarial se estende, em um primeiro momento, a todos os empregados indistintamente. O presente trabalho analisa o universo do trabalho artístico do ator, com os fatos a ele relacionados, para, aí então, por meio da aplicação da Teoria da Fenomenologia dos Fatos Jurídicos, verificar, dentro do rigor legal, se há incidência do suporte fático da norma, quando se compara o trabalho de atores. A aplicação da Teoria da Fenomenologia dos Fatos Jurídicos ao instituto da equiparação salarial do trabalho artístico do ator objetiva servir como instrumento auxiliar de análise aos operadores do direito em relação à categoria profissional dos atores, diminuindo, assim, a insegurança jurídica gerada pela não uniformidade de entendimentos até então sobre o tema
194

A evolução dos salários e seus reflexos na estrutura de gastos das famílias brasileiras entre 2002 e 2009: uma perspectiva keynesiana

Tamashiro, Ricardo de Melo 18 September 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo de Melo Tamashiro.pdf: 1467421 bytes, checksum: 95e12f0106e54d2efd39cea7e61aa55d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-18 / This main aim to understand the evolution of salaries in the Brazilian economy and analyze its effects on structure of household expenditures between 2002 and 2009, from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (POF - Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar). To this end, we use John Maynard Keynes theory aiming to explore the concept of fundamental psychological law for Brazil, which allowed to demonstrate that the law was applied in the country in this period. Therefore, we sought to assimilate the behaviour of wages and consumption, which experienced a new economic dynamic in the period studied. This dynamic was driven by economic growth context, the greater role of the state, fall in unemployment, formalization of work, increased income due the minimum wage policy and cash transfer programmes; low inflation; fall in interest rates; credit expansion and modification of relative prices. To investigate wages and consumption, we highlight some points in Keynes theory: with regard to the determination of wages and his debate with the neoclassical school and the concepts related to consumption, such as the propensity to consume. This allowed to establish that there was general increase in income, especially for classes located at the extremes of the studied lace bands, a result of worker-conjuncture duality (according to our definition); and also found a reduction in propensity to consume, due to the increase of employment, income, and the greater share of expenses related to the acquisition of property reform, loan and payment booklets, taxes and labor contributions that do not incorporate consumer spending as the POF / Este estudo busca compreender a evolução dos salários na economia brasileira e analisar seus reflexos na estrutura de gastos das famílias entre 2002 e 2009, a partir da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar (POF). Para esse fim, utilizamos a teoria de John Maynard Keynes com intuito de explorar o conceito da lei psicológica fundamental para o caso brasileiro, o que permitiu demostrar que a lei se aplica no período analisado. Neste sentido, buscou-se assimilar o comportamento dos salários e do consumo no Brasil, o qual vivenciou uma nova dinâmica econômica no período estudado. Essa dinâmica foi impulsionada por crescimento econômico, maior atuação do Estado, queda do desemprego, formalização do trabalho, aumento da renda em virtude da política de valorização do salário mínimo e das transferências de renda; baixa inflação; queda da taxa de juros; expansão do crédito e modificação dos preços relativos. Para investigar os salários e o consumo, destacamos alguns pontos na Teoria de Keynes, tais como à determinação dos salários e seu debate com a escola neoclássica e os conceitos relacionados com o consumo, como a propensão a consumir. Isso permitiu constatar que houve aumento generalizado da renda, sobretudo para as classes situadas nos extremos das faixas de rendas estudadas, resultado da dualidade trabalhador-conjuntura (conforme nossa definição); e também se verificou queda da propensão a consumir, em razão do aumento do emprego, da renda, e da maior participação das despesas relacionadas à aquisição e reforma de imóvel, empréstimo e carnê, impostos e contribuições trabalhistas; gastos que não incorporam as despesas de consumo, conforme a POF
195

VALORIZAÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES:ANÁLISE DOS PLANOS DE CARREIRA DE MUNICÍPIOS DO PARANÁ / Valorization of teachers: analysis of the career paths of Paraná municipalities

Sobzinski, Janaína Silvana 11 March 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaina Silvana Sobzinski.pdf: 4701057 bytes, checksum: 5fc26145bae46e9cbf2de07bf0d3042f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present dissertation has as object of study the career paths of teachers of the five municipalities of the highest IDHM and the five municipalities with the lowest IDHM of Paraná. The research objectives were: assess whether municipalities studied are in accordance with the legislation, about the career path of establishment and payment of Salary Floor National Vocational and if this ensures, in fact, the valorization of teachers; conduct comparative data between the Municipal Human Development Index (HDIM), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Basic Education Development Index (IDEB) with the existence of the career plans of the state of Paraná municipalities; verify if the municipalities that have a high IDHM ensure the valorization of education professionals; establish a comparative of the career paths of the five municipalities with the highest IDHM with career plans of the five municipalities with the lower IDHM in the state of Paraná. The research is based on historical and dialectical materialism, which seeks to reveal the contradictions and appreciation of teacher education in the current form of sociability. The approach is literature and documentary, and the following documents were consulted: the LDB nº 9.394, of 1996; the Law nº 11.494 of 2007 and Decree nº 6.253 of 2007, which regulates the Fund for Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and Valorization of Education Professionals (FUNDEB); Constitutional Amendment nº 53, of 2006; the National Education Plan (PNE, 2001-2011); Development Plan of Education (PDE-2007); Law of the National Professional Salary Floor, nº 11.738, of 2008; the Public National System of formation of Magisterium Professionals, of 2008; the National Policy of Magisterium of Professional Formation of Basic Education, of 2009; Resolution nº 2, of 2009, establishing the National Guidelines for Plans Career and Remuneration of Professionals of the Magisterium of Public Basic Education; Decree nº 6.755, of 2009; the new PNE Bill, nº 103, of 2012; the new National Education Plan, established by Law 13.005, of 2014; and laws that provide for the career plans of public school teachers of the municipalities of the Paraná surveyed. We emphasize the importance of these documents to analyze the valorization of teachers. As theoretical fundamentation, we turn to authors such as: Vieira, D. (2012, 2013), Peroni (2013), Saviani (2007), Scheibe (2010), Machado (2010); Gurgel (2012); Vieira, N. (2002); Arruda (2003); Meguerditchian (2012); Ferreira (2014). From the analysis, concluded that even with the existence of standards, laws and national guidelines, the federal entities, for various reasons, have had difficulties in fulfilling them, furthermore, in municipalities with less IDHM, there is less attractive career and they remunerate less teachers. However, municipalities that occupy the first places in IDHM also do not value the teachers accordingly to their level of development, since they have low growth rate between the interstices and, in many cases, it takes many years to reach the top of the career. / A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo os planos de carreira dos professores dos cinco municípios de maior IDH e dos cinco municípios de menor IDH do Paraná. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram: analisar se os municípios estudados estão de acordo com a legislação, quanto ao estabelecimento de planos de carreira e ao pagamento do Piso Salarial Profissional Nacional e se isso assegura, de fato, a valorização dos professores; realizar comparativos entre os dados do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) e do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB) com a existência dos planos de carreira dos municípios do estado do Paraná; verificar se os municípios que apresentam IDHM alto garantem a valorização dos profissionais da educação; estabelecer um comparativo dos planos de carreira dos cinco municípios que apresentam o IDHM mais elevado com os planos de carreira dos cinco municípios que apresentam o IDHM menos elevado no estado do Paraná. A pesquisa fundamenta-se no materialismo histórico e dialético, o qual busca desvelar as contradições da formação e valorização docente na atual forma de sociabilidade. A abordagem é bibliográfica e documental, sendo que foram consultados os seguintes documentos: a LDB nº 9394, de 1996; a Lei nº 11.494, de 2007, e o Decreto nº 6.253, de 2007, os quais regulamentam o Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (FUNDEB); a Emenda Constitucional nº 53, de 2006; o Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE, 2001 - 2011); o Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE-2007); a Lei do Piso Salarial Profissional Nacional, nº 11.738, de 2008; o Sistema Nacional Público de Formação dos Profissionais do Magistério, de 2008; a Política Nacional de Formação de Profissionais do Magistério da Educação Básica, de 2009; a Resolução nº 2, de 2009, que fixa as Diretrizes Nacionais para os Planos de Carreira e Remuneração dos Profissionais do Magistério da Educação Básica Pública; o Decreto nº 6.755, de 2009; o Projeto de Lei do novo PNE, nº 103, de 2012; o novo Plano Nacional de Educação, instituído pela Lei 13.005, de 2014; e as leis que dispõem sobre os planos de carreira dos professores da rede pública dos municípios do Paraná pesquisados. Enfatiza-se a importância desses documentos para a análise da valorização dos professores. Como fundamentação teórica, recorremos a autores como: Vieira, D. (2012, 2013), Peroni (2013), Saviani (2007), Scheibe (2010), Machado (2010); Gurgel (2012); Vieira, N. (2002); Arruda (2003); Meguerditchian (2012); Ferreira (2014). A partir da análise, concluímos que, mesmo com a existência de normas, leis e diretrizes nacionais, os entes federados, por diversas razões, têm apresentado dificuldade no cumprimento das mesmas, além disso, nos municípios com menor IDHM, há menor atratividade na carreira e os mesmos, remuneram menos os professores. Todavia, os municípios que ocupam as primeiras colocações no IDHM também não valorizam os professores de forma correspondente ao seu nível de desenvolvimento, já que apresentam baixos coeficientes de crescimento entre os interstícios e, em muitos casos, leva-se muitos anos para se atingir o topo da carreira.
196

Contribuição previdenciária à luz da regra matriz de incidência tributária

Rodrigues, Sirley Aparecida Lopes 23 February 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sirley Aparecida Lopes Rodrigues.pdf: 700353 bytes, checksum: b22dba1d058d808b0e6546f68c9727d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / This work aims to address tax discussions on social security contributions and their chances of incidence, considering the rule matrix theory and phenomenology of standards of tax incidence. In addition to highlighting the constitutional principles of legality and especially of equality, not confiscation, reasonableness and proportionality behold, they are extremely important because most institutions and businesses face constant tax assessments to levy contributions on values that are not classified as salary or remuneration. The specific objective is based on the concepts of the rule matrix theory standard of competence and constitutional limitations to the power to tax, the basic principles of tax law to conclude in a clear and objective way to pension contributions fulfill the legal elements of the substantive doing also contrast between Article 195 "a" with Law n. 8.212/91, in order to allow the submission of discussions about the constitutionality, legality of the institution of social security contributions on concepts not covered in salary, chance incidence. Social security, in accordance with article 194 of the Constitution, "includes an integrated set of actions initiated by public authorities and society to ensure the rights to health, social security and social assistance." For this funding should be for the whole society, directly or indirectly, by funds from social contributions determined in accordance with article 195 of the Constitution. Contributions unlike taxes are linked, have statutory allocation, which means that the law instituting social contribution should contain the specific purpose, namely social security, protected by the Constitution, to which the product is intended for your collection, for be valid. The research hypothesis of the study is to establish, through the Constitution, legislation and doctrine, the discussion on the constitutionality of the creation of social security contribution for certain facts that are not related to salary or remuneration case of incidence, as an aid cost, aid education or transportation funds imprint indemnity, among others, that are targets of surveillance and social security burden on companies with lawsuits and defenses / O presente trabalho visa abordar discussões tributárias sobre as contribuições previdenciárias e suas hipóteses de incidência, considerando a regra matriz, teoria das normas e a fenomenologia da incidência tributária. Além de destacar os princípios constitucionais da legalidade e principalmente da isonomia, não confisco, razoabilidade e proporcionalidade eis que são de suma importância porque a maioria das instituições e empresas enfrentam constantes autuações fiscais para cobrar contribuição sobre valores que não se enquadram como salário ou remuneração. O objetivo específico é partir dos conceitos da regra matriz, teoria da norma, da competência e limitações constitucionais ao poder de tributar, dos princípios basilares do direito tributário até concluirmos de forma clara e objetiva se a contribuição previdenciária cumpri os elementos legais do critério material fazendo, ainda, contraposição entre o artigo 195 a com a Lei n. º 8.212/91, a fim de possibilitar a apresentação das discussões sobre a constitucionalidade ou não, legalidade da instituição da contribuição previdenciária sobre verbas não enquadradas nos conceitos de salário, hipótese de incidência. A seguridade social, nos termos do artigo 194 da Constituição Federal, compreende um conjunto integrado de ações de iniciativa dos Poderes Públicos e da sociedade, destinadas a assegurar os direitos relativos à saúde, à previdência e à assistência social . Para tanto o financiamento deve ser por toda a sociedade de forma direta ou indireta, por recursos decorrentes das contribuições sociais determinadas nos termos do artigo 195 da Constituição Federal. As contribuições diferentemente dos impostos são vinculadas, possuem destinação legal, o que significa que a lei ao instituir contribuição social deve conter o fim específico, qual seja a seguridade social, tutelado pela Constituição Federal, ao qual se destina o produto de sua arrecadação, para ser válido. A hipótese de pesquisa do trabalho será estabelecer, através da Constituição Federal, legislação e doutrina, a discussão sobre a constitucionalidade ou não da criação de incidência de contribuição previdenciária para determinados fatos que não guardam relação com salário ou remuneração, hipótese de incidência, como ajuda de custo, auxílios educação ou transporte, verbas de cunho indenizatório, entre outros, que são alvos da fiscalização previdenciária e que sobrecarregam as empresas com as defesas e ações judiciais
197

Entre safras e sonhos: trabalhadores rurais do sertão da Bahia à lavoura cafeeira do cerrado mineiro (1990-2008)

Carmo, Maria Andréa Angelotti 24 August 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:32:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Andrea Angelotti Carmo.pdf: 3708280 bytes, checksum: cae8b99d10cebc11970d07985ee5bacf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work problematizes the experiences of a large number of workers, and the multiple relations they establish when inserted in coffee farm work in the region of Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba. Furthermore, the work seeks reflective thinking about the new work relations which have been emerging from the Brazilian rural area in the last three decades, and which are due to general social transformations which impact the ways of working and living of a huge number of men and women from the rural areas of this country. This study focused on the history of groups of men and women who dwell in the region of Monte Santo Bahia and who have been traveling to work on the coffee farms in the region of Cerrado Mineiro for at least fifteen years between the months of May and September. The research has led us to reveal how they are recruited, how they organize themselves in groups, how they live in precarious housing, as well as which networks they establish in order to compose their groups. The study has allowed a better understanding of the region which grows coffee, the strategies elaborated by the producers/employers in order to recruit the workers, among others. Methodologically, several other questions regarding the values and the ways of living of the individuals have aroused not only in their work relations in the farms, but also in their region of origin. This was possible due to the analysis of workers narratives, and their statements. Hence, it was necessary to understand the area where the subjects originally came from. When interviewing the relatives, friends and the coffee farm workers themselves, as well analyzing their narratives, demanded new effort in order to understand the logic which guides the lives of these subjects, their options, their dialogues, their motivation, and their insertion in this reality. In time, I came to observe a culture set with aspects of their histories which do not start with their moving, but permeate their strategies and understandings of the world, in which the movement of going from one place to another is only another of their moments and struggles. This line of research has allowed us to problematize some notions of migration, or the movement of groups of individuals from one place to another. When I visited the region of Monte Santo, in Bahia, I understood part of this history and the dispute among men, women, small farmers, dwellers from small properties in the country and small towns in the countryside, who evaluate and analyze possibilities in the search for a better life which does not mean leaving their hometowns / Este trabalho problematiza as experiências de um amplo grupo de trabalhadores e as múltiplas relações que estabelecem, a partir da inserção no universo do trabalho nas lavouras de café das regiões do Triângulo Mineiro e do Alto Paranaíba. Articula-se a reflexão acerca das novas formas de relações de trabalho emergentes no campo brasileiro nas três últimas décadas, e que são tributárias das transformações sociais em geral, que impactam os modos de trabalhar e de viver de enormes contingentes de homens e mulheres na vida rural deste país. O estudo teve como foco a história de grupos de homens e mulheres residentes na região de Monte Santo-BA que se deslocam, há pelo menos quinze anos, para os trabalhos na safra de café na região do cerrado mineiro entre os meses de maio e setembro. A pesquisa levou a desvendar as formas como são recrutados, como se organizam em grupos, como vivem nos precários alojamentos, quais redes estabelecem no sentido de comporem os grupos observados. Compreendeu-se elementos da região produtora de café, as estratégias elaboradas pelos produtores/empregadores para recrutarem esta mão-de-obra, dentre outros. Metodologicamente, a partir da análise das narrativas e depoimentos dos trabalhadores, para além da relação trabalhista nas lavouras, inúmeras outras questões referentes aos valores e aos modos de viver dos indivíduos em sua região de origem surgiram. Fez-se então necessário empreender o movimento de conhecer o local de onde partiam os sujeitos entrevistados. Entrevistar parentes, amigos, e os próprios trabalhadores já conhecidos nas lavouras de café e analisar suas narrativas exigiu novo esforço de compreensão da lógica que regia a vida daqueles sujeitos, de suas opções, de seus diálogos, de suas motivações e de sua inserção nestas realidades. Aos poucos deparei-me com um conjunto cultural, com aspectos de suas histórias que não se iniciam com o deslocamento, mas que permeiam as suas estratégias e compreensões de mundo, no qual o movimento de deslocar-se de um lugar para outro é apenas mais um de seus momentos e de suas lutas. Esta trajetória da pesquisa permitiu problematizar algumas noções de migração ou movimentos de deslocamento populacional. Conhecendo a região de Monte Santo, na Bahia, compreendi parte desta história e das disputas nas quais se inserem como homens e mulheres, pequenos agricultores, moradores dos sítios e povoados, que avaliam, analisam possibilidades em busca de melhores condições de vida sem ter que partir em definitivo de seu local de origem
198

中國肥貓對夥計慷慨嗎? / Do china Fat Cats pay their employees more?

林玉婷 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究檢視以下兩項議題之研究:高管薪酬以及異常高管薪酬對職工工資的線性及非線性影響,以及所有權型態(國有企業與民營企業)對前述兩者關係之影響。而實證結果發現,高管薪酬及職工工資皆與公司績效呈正向相關,市場化程度高的地區亦會影響其薪酬水準。若以董事會獨立性與是否設立薪酬委員會做為公司治理良窳的指標則與高管薪酬的水準為正相關,但董事會獨立性與職工工資無關。另外與高管薪酬不同的是,機構投資人持股比率會提高職工工資的水準,但對高管薪酬的影響並不顯著。對所有權型態而言,在其他條件不變的情況下,國有企業的高管薪酬及職工工資皆大於非國有企業的高管薪酬。 最後,本研究對發現異常高管薪酬與職工工資的關係呈顯著正相關。而就任職於國有企業的職工與就職於民營企業的職工相比,若其服務企業的異常高管薪酬皆屬於每年前20%者,二組的職工工資並無顯著差異。但是,若其服務企業的異常高管薪酬皆屬於每年後20%者,則國有企業的職工工資會大於民營企業的職工工資。 / This study focuses on two issues: the effect of executive compensation and abnormal executive compensation on salary, and the effect of different ownership types on the relations of two types of compensation and salary. The empirical results show that executives and employees of companies with better performance enjoy higher compensation and salary. Moreover, the marketization level can affect the level of compensation and salary. The results also indicate that the independence level of boards of directors and the establishment of compensation committee both have a positive relationship with executive compensation. However, the independence level of the board of directors has no effect on salary. On the other hand, the shareholding ratio of institutional investors has a positive relationship with salary level, but has no effect on executive compensation. For all the ownership types, all other conditions remain constant, the executive compensation and salary of state-owned enterprises are higher than those of non-state enterprises. In conclusion, this study states that abnormal executive compensation has a positive relationship with salary level. There is no significant difference in salaries between state-owned enterprises and non-state enterprises if the abnormal executive compensation belongs to the top 20% of the sample each year. Conversely, if abnormal executive compensation belongs to the last 20% of the sample each year, the salary of state-owned enterprises is higher than that of non-state enterprises.
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"Nu måste ni lyssna på oss" : Kontext och betydelse av den svenska vårdstrejken 2008 / “Now you got to listen to us” : Context and significance of The Swedish Health Care Strike in 2008

Olsson, Anette January 2009 (has links)
<p>Den här studien tar fasta på kontexten och betydelsen av 2008 års svenska vårdstrejk och utreder dess motivationer. Studien utgår från tre kvinnliga sjuksköterskor, som alla deltog aktivt i strejken.</p> / <p>This<strong> </strong>study focuses on the context and significance of the Swedish health care strike of 2008 and investigates its motivations. The study’s vantage point is three female nurses, who were all actively involved in the strike.</p>
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Arbetsvärdering : en möjlig väg till jämställdhet i arbetslivet? En kvalitativ studie av ett arbetsvärderingsprojekt med jämställdhetssyfte i en kommun. / Systematical evaluation of job descriptions : Is that a way to achieve gender equality in the workplace? A qualitative study of a work evaluation project with an aim to improve the gender equality whithin a municipality.

Öhrling, Julia January 2002 (has links)
<p>The purpose of this degree project is to study a work evaluation project in a municipality, on the basis of key participants. The municipality is the employer, per-forming the workplace project and the chief objective is to reach gender equality between the employees. Equal pay for equal work. Through work evaluation is it pos-sible to find out which of a lot of different jobs, which have equal requirements. The jobs, which have equal requirements, should have equal pay. </p><p>According to Swedish law, all employers need to analyse and survey their salary/wage distribution, to identify and remedy sexual discrimination concerning that area. One way to do that is to do a work evaluation and to study the result. Studying the result was what the municipality was doing, when got in contact with it. My focus is to find out what the central issues, problems and hinders are, or can occur when an employer is trying to follow the law.</p><p>This study is based on qualitative research. The empirical material (interviews and ob-servations) from key participants, who took part in the project in the municipality, is presented through excerpts. They speak about different problems and other aspects they have experienced during the work process with the result from the evaluation project. The material is then analysed in the light of different theories. The theories treat areas as gender and organisation. </p><p>For example is not al of the involved unions of the same opinion about the project. Money is one aspect that the key persons talk about and the circumstances around how to reach the goals of the project is another subject. The result of the study has shown that it could be useful within the project to have greater concern about the system of gender and to stronger point out the gains of ex-tended gender equality. Thou a lot of money are needed if equal pay for equal work should be reached, the gain in efficiency from the employed might compensate that.</p>

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