Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-20T13:31:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 sorayacolaresleaocarvalho.pdf: 1390488 bytes, checksum: 762b6acc0149316d915ea71c802dff79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:05:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sorayacolaresleaocarvalho.pdf: 1390488 bytes, checksum: 762b6acc0149316d915ea71c802dff79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:05:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sorayacolaresleaocarvalho.pdf: 1390488 bytes, checksum: 762b6acc0149316d915ea71c802dff79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-23 / A presente pesquisa analisa o fenômeno do abandono escolar nos cursos de Formação Inicial e Continuada do Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego - PRONATEC, com ênfase no Curso de Eletricista Instalador Predial de Baixa Tensão, ofertado no Instituto Federal do Paraná – IFPR, Campus Campo Largo, no período de 2012 a 2014. O objetivo foi investigar os principais motivos causadores do abandono escolar, analisar as percepções dos diferentes atores envolvidos no Programa e no campus sobre o fenômeno investigado, bem como conhecer as ações que a equipe do Programa tem feito para evitá-lo. Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na forma de um estudo de caso, o trabalho foi embasado pelo referencial teórico que discute o abandono escolar na Educação Básica e no Ensino Técnico Profissional, a saber: Dore e Lüscher (2011), Neri (2012), Pelissari (2012), Rumberger (2004, apud Dore e Lüscher, 2011), Soares (2010), Steimbach (2012), dentre outros. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram coletados dados por meio de análise documental e pesquisa bibliográfica, além de aplicação de questionário aos alunos que não concluíram o curso de Eletricista Instalador Predial de Baixa Tensão nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014 e entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas aos Gestores e Professores do PRONATEC e aos Gestores do Campus Campo Largo. Os resultados mostraram que os motivos para o abandono escolar estão relacionados tanto a aspectos internos como externos à instituição, corroborando com o referencial teórico utilizado. Fatores como oportunidades na área profissional, processos e práticas pedagógicas aplicadas, dificuldade de aprendizagem, horário em que o curso foi ofertado, problemas sociais, pessoais e de saúde e também a estrutura familiar foram citados como motivos para o abandono do curso. Essas percepções foram ratificadas tanto pelos gestores e docentes, como pelos alunos, evidenciando, assim, que todos apresentam visões semelhantes sobre a temática estudada. O diagnóstico realizado foi fundamental para a elaboração de um Plano de Ação Educacional direcionado a propor ações para o enfrentamento dos motivos relacionados ao abandono escolar levantados pelos sujeitos da pesquisa. Dentre as ações propostas está a formação da equipe gestora e dos professores do Programa, a revisão da ementa do curso, a viabilização de espaços e profissionais para cuidarem das crianças das mulheres que estão realizando os cursos, o acompanhamento do percurso formativo dos estudantes e o monitoramento e avaliação das ações. Além disso, também foi proposta a construção e implementação de um sistema computacional (software) para o desenvolvimento de um banco de dados na instituição, referente aos alunos do PRONATEC, permitindo, dessa forma, que o programa atenda com qualidade os alunos. / This research investigates the school dropout phenomenon in both the preliminary and on-goingtraining courses of the National Program for Access to Technical Education and Employment, henceforth, PRONATEC (Portuguese acronym) with a particular focus on the low-voltage electrical contractors course, which was offered by the Federal Institute of Paraná, henceforth, IFPR – (Portuguese acronym) in Campo Largo – Brazil - from 2012 to 2014.The major objectives of this study are three-fold: (a) to carefully examine the main reasons for early school dropout, (b) to analyze PRONATEC staff’s perceptions on the phenomenon under investigation, and (c) to detail PRONATEC staff’s preventive measures towards curbing school dropout. Of a qualitative nature and founded on the analysis of a case study, this research has as its theoretical point of reference Dore and Lüscher’s (2011), Neri’s (2012), Pelissari’s (2012), Rumberger’s (2004, apud Dore and Lüscher’s, 2011), Soares’ (2010), Steimbach’s (2012) discussions on school dropout in basic and professional technical education. This study was carried out by means of data collection from both document analysis and bibliographical research. Also, a questionnaire administered in the years of 2012, 2013 and 2014 was replied by the non-graduate IFPR low-voltage electrical contractors students and a number of semi-structured interviews were conducted by the PRONATEC managers, teachers, and professors on Campo Largo campus. The research results consistently demonstrate that the reasons for early school dropout at IFPR encompasses both internal and external factors related to this institution – facts corroborated by the theoretical point of reference. Thus, factors such as new job opportunities, applied pedagogical processes and practices, learning difficulties, course schedule, social, personal, family and health problems have contributed substantially to the increasing IFPR student dropout rates. These perceptions have been ratified by both IFPR managers and teaching staff, as well as IFPR own students – an evidence that they have similar views on the subject. The diagnostic questionnaire and interviews were instrumental in preparing an educational action plan with a view to confronting the recurring problem of early school dropout by improving both the teachers’ and managers’ professional development, by reviewing the course syllabus, by providing the IFPR students’ children with a day care center, by monitoring the IFPR students’ performance and development during the program and by assessing the above mentioned measures on a regular basis. Finally, it has also been proposed that a specific PRONATEC management software and a data bank be developed to help keep track of the students’ academic life more effectively.

Orientador: Sonia Giubilei / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T08:05:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_AndreadaPaixao_D.pdf: 3081495 bytes, checksum: 26c4a2c047b11ecee9dbe7bcb259382c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A pesquisa ora apresentada objetiva investigar e analisar as memórias dos estudantes da modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) em nível fundamental, e as representações sociais produzidas por esses sujeitos sobre a escola da infância, relacionando-as com as vivências escolares atuais. Para isso, o caminho escolhido permitiu o enveredamento por entre as trilhas de dez escolas públicas da Secretaria Municipal de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (SME-RJ) que oferecem a modalidade EJA, localizadas na área de abrangência de cada uma das Coordenadorias Regionais de Educação, com a participação de estudantes dessas escolas. Dentre outros atores que vêm pesquisando nas áreas afins desta pesquisa, a fundamentação desse estudo ancora-se em Ecléa Bosi, Maurice Halbwachs, Jacques Le Goff, Paul Ricouer e Iván Izquierdo no que se refere aos estudos da memória. No campo da Teoria das Representações Sociais, a análise realizada se fundamentou em Serge Moscovici, Denise Jodelet, Celso Sá e Jean-Claude Abric. O caminho pelo campo da EJA teve por base os estudos de Jane Paiva, Sérgio Haddad, Timothy Ireland e as legislações referentes à modalidade de ensino, ampliando-se para a produção de Paulo Carrano, Juarez Dayrell e José Machado Pais. Os instrumentos metodológicos utilizados consistiram em análise dos documentos, tanto os referentes à história da educação carioca e à constituição da oferta de EJA na Rede Municipal de Educação do Rio de Janeiro, como os documentos escolares (históricos escolares e ficha de matrículas dos estudantes); questionários aplicados aos estudantes e depoimentos orais de estudantes e de gestores. A investigação realizada centrou-se prioritariamente em quatro questões que se constituíram como bases para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho: o que você lembra da escola onde estudou?; por que, naquela época, você saiu da escola?; por que voltou para a escola?; o que espera desta escola onde estuda agora? Outra questão serviu de base para se captar as representações sociais dos sujeitos da EJA sobre a escola pública. Trata-se da pergunta "O que vem a sua mente quando você ouve falar em escola pública?", a qual, aplicando-se a técnica da evocação livre de palavras, foi respondida pelos estudantes. Para o tratamento dessas informações foi utilizado o software Ensemble de programmes permettant l'analyse des evocations (EVOC). As questões que versaram sobre os motivos de saída e de retorno e, também, sobre as lembranças da escola de outrora e as expectativas com a escola de agora foram analisadas utilizando-se a Análise de Conteúdo, fundamentada em Laurence Bardin. Esta pesquisa permite considerar que a escola da EJA se constitui como espaço de referência para as pessoas que a ela retornam e que os eixos temáticos trabalho, aprender, professores e escola se destacam como mais relevantes para a reflexão sobre as relações estabelecidas entre esses jovens e adultos e a escola pública. Também permitiu apreender que estes eixos não são tomados de forma totalmente idealizada, contemplando preocupações e críticas dos sujeitos em relação à sua efetivação. / Abstract: The research presented here aims to investigate and analyze the students' memories of the modality Young and Adults Education (EJA) at the fundamental level, and social representations produced by these subjects about the childhood school, connecting them with the current school experiences. For this, the route chosen by pass through between tracks ten public schools of the Municipal Departament of Education of Rio de Janeiro (SME-RJ) that provide the modality EJA, located in the catchment area of each of the Regional Education Coordinations, with the participation of students from these schools. Among other actors who have been researching in related areas of ressearch, this study's foundation is anchored in Ecléa Bosi, Maurice Halbwachs, Jacques Le Goff, Paul Ricouer and Iván Izquierdo regarding to the study of memory. In the field of Social Representations Theory, the analysis performed relied on Serge Moscovici, Denise Jodelet, Celso Sá and Jean- Claude Abric. The way through the field of young and adults education was based on the studies by Jane Paiva, Sergio Haddad, Timothy Ireland and the laws regarding to the type of education, expanding to the production of Paulo Carrano, Juarez Dayrell and Jose Machado Pais. The methodological instruments used consisted in analysis of documents, referring to both the history of education in Rio, and the establishment of the supply of Young and Adult Education in the Municipal of Rio de Janeiro, such as school documents (transcripts and students enrollment form) questionnaires applied to students and oral testimonies of students and managers of adult education. The investigation carried out focused primarily on four issues that constituted themselves as foundations for the development of this work: what do you remember from the school where you studied?, Why, then, you left school that time?; Why did you decide to go back to school?; what do you expect from this school where you study now? Another questioned as the basis to capture the social representations of young and adult education individuals about the public school. That question is: "What comes to your mind when you hear about public school?", Which, applying the technique of free evocation of words, was answered by the students. To treat this information was used the software Ensemble l'analyze des programmes permettant evocations (EVOC). The questions were about the reasons for departure and return and also about the memories of old school and the expectations about the present school have been analyzed using the Content Analysis, based on Laurence Bardin. This research allows us to consider that the school of adult education constitutes itself as a reference space for young and adults who return to it and that the thematic axes work, learn, teachers and schools stand out as most relevant to the debate on the relations consolidated between these young and adults and public school. It also allowed us to apprehend that these axes are not taken in a completely idealized form, covering concerns and criticisms of the subjects regarding their effectiveness. / Doutorado / Politicas, Administração e Sistemas Educacionais / Doutor em Educação

Concerns over the academic success of first-time ninth-grade students transitioning into the high school setting continue to stimulate substantial interest in identifying the various factors that cause the ninth-grade bottleneck.  Extensive research shows that when ninth-grade students transition into the high school setting, students have a difficult time navigating the more academically rigorous, less nurturing, usually larger and anonymous high school setting.  Studies have shown that transition practices to help ninth-grade students are successful in making this transition smoother and more successful for incoming freshmen, thereby leading to more credits and a stronger chance for students to earn a diploma. This dissertation is a replication of a previous Virginia Tech study completed by Henry Johnson titled High School Transition Practices for Ninth Graders: A Descriptive Study of Maryland Public High Schools, but it focuses on public schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The primary data collection method was a survey that was sent to all Virginia principals.  First, results from the survey were analyzed to develop a description of the various transition practices existing in Virginia\'s public high schools in relation to school size, demographics, and community type.  Second, the survey data were analyzed to determine the various perceptions of school officials concerning the effectiveness of reported transition practices.  The data provide a description of the transition practices in Virginia's public schools.  Results from this study give administrators and policymakers an idea of what type of transition practices exist in the various public schools in Virginia as well as the perceived effectiveness of the practices in place. / Ed. D.

The rise in the number of students who drop out of high school has gained national attention. High school dropout rates in the state of Louisiana are a primary concern to school administrators in the state. The Graduation Coach Program is an intervention implemented in several high schools across Louisiana to assist students with completing their high school education. Many of the programs' attributes are based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, students' needs, and the presence of positive adult relationships that might improve student achievement. The purpose of this study was to compare archival attendance and graduation rates among independent groups from years before and after the implementation of the Graduation Coach Program in 4 Louisiana public high schools. Attendance rates included data from 5 years before and 7 years after the program (n = 48), and due to limitations in the archival records, graduation rates included data from 2 years before and 7 years after the program (n = 36). Two independent-samples t tests were conducted, and no significant differences were found between the groups for both measures. Due to power limitations in the group sizes, further research is recommended to include additional campuses that implement the program. Positive social change implications include providing these initial research findings to the study districts' administration to assist with decision making and planning for the Graduation Coach Program used at their campuses. Through continued efforts and research, high school administrators may ultimately improve high school attendance and graduation rates to address the high school dropout problem in Louisiana.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intervention program Graduate on Time as related to the number of high school dropouts in a rural northeast Tennessee high school. Graduation rates and dropout rates were gathered from Report Card information from the Tennessee Department of Education website. Archival data for the students in this study were obtained from the STAR student management data system. Former students in the Graduate on Time program were surveyed for their perceptions about the program. The population for this study consisted of 96 students who were enrolled in the Graduate on Time program from the 2007-2008 school year through the 2010-2011 school year at Johnson County High School in Mountain City, TN. Participants in the program were made up of 56 males and 40 females. The ethnic breakdown of the participants in the program consisted of 97% White, 2% Hispanic, and 1% African American. Over 85%, or approximately 82 students, qualified for free- and reduced-price meals and were considered low socioeconomic students in this study. This quantitative study was guided by 5 quantitative research questions, with 1 qualitative research question consisting of a participant survey on perceptions of the Graduate on Time program. In Chapter 3 each quantitative research question had 1 null hypothesis. Two research questions were analyzed by using the Chi-Square test for independence and 3 research questions were analyzed by using a single sample t-test. The qualitative part of this study examined student's perceptions of the Graduate on Time program. The results of the Chi-Square test showed there was no significant difference in the graduation rate or the dropout rate of those students who participated in the Johnson County High School Graduate on Time program and the graduation rate or the dropout rate of nonparticipants. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the retention rate ofGraduate on Time participants and the retention rate of nonparticipants. From the results of this study, it was revealed that the students' perceptions did affect their success rate in the Johnson County High School Graduate on Time program.

Thesis (MEd (Educational Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aims to establish whether the support of the Teacher Support Team (TST) might have an impact on High School learners to stay in school. My specific focus was on how the TST members experienced the support that was given to learners and how learners experienced the support given to them. I used a basic interpretive design. I used focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. My study shows that the TST of a High School needs to have a proper structure to function in building resilience in learners. A proper structure will enable them to develop a healthy support system that could address the various barriers in learning that learners may encounter. All the role players, who were involved in the research, knew their rights and responsibilities towards this process. I conclude by acknowledging the limitations of this study and recommending further research. / AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Hierdie ondersoek is daarop gemik om vas te stel in watter mate die ondersteuning van die Onderwys Ondersteunings Span (OOS) ‘n invloed het op Hoërskool leerders om op skool te bly. My spesifieke fokus was op hoe die lede van die OOS die ondersteuning, wat hulle vir die leerders gebied het, ondervind het en hoe die leerders die ondersteuning, wat hulle by die OOS ontvang het, ondervind het. Ek het van fokusgroepe en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude gebruik gemaak. My ondersoek toon dat die OOS van Hoërskole ‘n meer gestruktureerde stelsel nodig het waarbinne hulle kan funksioneer. ‘n Gestruktureerde stelsel sal verseker dat daar ‘n gesonde ondersteunings sisteem gebou word. Dit sal ook verseker dat leerders met leerstoornisse se behoeftes aangespreek kan word. Alle rolspelers was ten volle bewus van hul verantwoordelikheid in die navoringsproses. Ten slotte wil ek, in die lig van sekere tekortkominge wat by hierdie studie ervaar is, verdere navorsing op hierdie terrein aanbeveel.

Le décrochage scolaire des adolescents est un phénomène alarmant qui occasionne de multiples conséquences négatives, tant pour le jeune que pour la société. Des recherches empiriques ont soulevé l’importance de considérer les décrocheurs comme un groupe aux profils hétérogènes. En conséquence, quelques chercheurs ont proposé des typologies des décrocheurs scolaires à l’adolescence, dont Janosz (1994; Janosz, Le Blanc, Boulerice, & Tremblay 2000). À partir de trois indicateurs de l’adaptation scolaire des adolescents (engagement scolaire, indiscipline scolaire et performance scolaire), Janosz et ses collègues ont identifié quatre types de décrocheurs scolaires potentiels, soient les Discrets, les Désengagés, les Sous-performants et les Inadaptés. Les études prédictives conduites jusqu’à maintenant ont permis de déterminer que les différents types proposés par cette typologie se distinguent sur différents facteurs de risque du décrochage d’ordre individuel et environnemental. Toutefois, il n’est pas connu si ces types de décrocheurs potentiels se distinguent des adolescents non à risque de décrocher sur un facteur important, soit les traits de personnalité. Cette étude visait donc à évaluer si les traits de personnalité des adolescents (Ouverture, Extraversion, Contrôle, Amabilité et Stabilité émotionnelle) permettaient de prédire l’appartenance aux quatre types de décrocheurs potentiels proposés par Janosz et ses collègues (2000), en contrôlant l’effet de plusieurs autres facteurs de risque classique du décrochage. Les données provenaient de l’étude Stratégie d’Intervention Agir Autrement (SIAA), qui compte plus de 40 000 adolescents provenant de 69 écoles secondaires au Québec. L’échantillon qui a été utilisé dans cette étude (N = 4980) était composé d’élèves de 14 à 16 ans évalués en 2006-2007. Les adolescents ont rempli des questionnaires en groupe durant une période de classe. Différents modèles de régression logistique multinomiale contrôlant pour la nature hiérarchique des données ont confirmé que les traits de personnalité ont prédit l’appartenance à différents types de décrocheurs, et ce, au-delà de l’effet de plusieurs facteurs de risque classiques du décrochage scolaire. Ces résultats suggèrent que les théories du décrochage scolaire pourraient intégrer les traits de personnalité et que ces derniers pourraient être utilisés pour le dépistage des adolescents à risque de décrochage. / Adolescents’ school dropout is an alarming phenomenon which has several negative consequences for the youth themselves and for society as a whole. Empirical studies outlined the importance of considering school dropouts as a group of adolescents displaying heterogeneous profiles. Consequently, a number of researchers proposed typologies of school dropouts during adolescence, including Janosz (1994; Janosz, Le Blanc, Boulerice, & Tremblay 2000). Using three indicators of adolescents’ school adaptation (school engagement, school indiscipline, and academic achievement), Janosz identified four types of potential school dropouts, namely the Quiets, the Disengaged, the Low-achievers, and the Maladjusted. Predictive studies conducted to date showed that these different types proposed by Janosz can be distinguished on different classical individual and environmental risk factors of school dropout. However, it is not know if these potential school dropout types can be distinguished on an important factor, namely personality traits. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating if adolescents’ personality traits (Openness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Emotional stability) could predict membership in the four school dropout types proposed by Janosz et al. (2000), controlling for the effect of several classical risk factors of school dropout. Data were drawn from the New Approaches New Solutions (NANS) longitudinal study, which counts over 40 000 adolescents from 69 high school in Quebec (Canada). The sample that was used in this study (N = 4980) was composed of pupils aged 14 to 16 years assessed in 2006-2007. Adolescents filled out questionnaires in group during a class period. Different multinomial logistic regression models controlling for the hierarchical nature of the data confirmed that personality traits predicted membership in the different dropout types, and this, over and above the effect of several classical risk factors of school dropout. The results suggest that theories of school dropout could integrate personality traits and also that they could be used for screening adolescents at risk of dropping out of high school.

L’objectif de cette thèse était d’évaluer l’implantation, les effets différentiels et les processus du programme Check & Connect (C&C), une intervention visant la prévention de l’abandon scolaire. De nature ciblée, cette intervention s’adresse aux élèves à risque de décrochage scolaire. Par le biais de la création d’une relation significative avec un mentor, du monitorage systématique des indicateurs de désengagement scolaire, d’interventions différentielles adaptées aux besoins des élèves et de la communication positive avec la famille de ces derniers, ce programme développé aux États-Unis au début des années 1990 a été maintes fois évalué en sol américain. Cette évaluation s’intéresse à l’adaptation québécoise du programme, réalisée dans deux commissions scolaires de la grande région de Montréal, et ce tant au niveau primaire qu’au niveau secondaire. L’évaluation de l’implantation, des effets différentiels et des processus s’insère dans un projet plus vaste de validation écologique du programme réalisée à l’aide d’un devis expérimental dans le cadre duquel le groupe contrôle équivalent a reçu les interventions typiquement prévues dans les écoles : l’intervention C&C est donc comparée aux interventions typiquement mises en place dans les écoles pour les élèves à risque d’abandon scolaire. L’évaluation de l’implantation et des effets différentiels a été réalisée à la suite des deux années d’implantation auprès des 345 élèves du primaire et du secondaire ayant été exposés au programme et des 54 mentors impliqués. La fidélité d’implantation a été évaluée en relation avec les effets du programme à l’aide d’analyses quantitatives de fréquence et de régressions linéaires. L’évaluation des processus a également été réalisée une fois l’implantation terminée; des entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées auprès de 12 acteurs impliqués dans l’implantation. Des analyses thématiques, puis des études de cas ont été complétées afin d’explorer les processus d’implantation. Le premier chapitre empirique de la thèse présente l’évaluation de l’implantation et des effets différentiels du programme C&C. Cette étude a permis de constater des taux de fidélité d’implantation variables d’une composante du programme à l’autre, et d’un site d’implantation à un autre. De plus, les résultats révèlent que la fidélité d’implantation est associée aux effets du programme sur l’engagement et le rendement scolaires. Néanmoins, cette association varie grandement d’une composante du programme et d’un site d’implantation à un autre, ce qui suggère d’importantes influences contextuelles sur l’implantation. Le second chapitre empirique de la thèse présente l’évaluation des processus d’implantation de C&C dans 4 cas de figure distincts. Cette évaluation révèle de nombreux processus ayant influencé l’expérience d’implantation des acteurs interrogés. Les résultats suggèrent par ailleurs une influence dynamique des processus : des parallèles sont faits avec une théorie issue de la psychologie organisationnelle, la théorie du changement planifié, qui suggère la considération de l’implantation d’un programme d’intervention comme un changement de pratiques. En somme, les évaluations présentées dans la thèse soutiennent d’une part l’importance d’une implantation fidèle lorsque vient le temps de faire appel à un programme d’intervention. La thèse suggère de surcroît la nécessité de s’assurer d’une préparation adéquate et de la mise en place de conditions optimales pour l’intervenant et l’organisation désirant implanter un programme d’intervention en milieu scolaire, puisque la fidélité d’implantation n’est pas garante à elle seule d’effets positifs suite à l’implantation. / The present thesis aimed to evaluate the implementation, differential effects and processes of Check & Connect (C&C), a dropout prevention program. This targeted intervention promotes the development of a significant relationship with a mentor in addition to the use of systematic monitoring of disengagement indicators, differential and adapted interventions and positive school-family communication in order to help students at risk of dropping out of school. Developed in the 1990s in the United States, this program was evaluated many times in American school settings. This evaluation focuses on a French-Canadian adaptation of C&C, implemented in elementary and secondary schools of two school boards in the Montreal area. The evaluation of the implementation, implementation processes, and differential effects is part of a larger ecological and experimental validation of the program in which students of the control group received the usual interventions typically offered to at-risk students in their schools. Implementation and differential effects evaluations were conducted after the two-year implementation of C&C among a sample of 345 elementary and secondary-level students and their 54 mentors. Implementation fidelity and its relations to program effects were evaluated using frequency analyses and linear regressions. Process evaluation was also completed post-intervention: semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 actors directly involved in the implementation. Qualitative thematic analyses and case studies were then completed in order to explore implementation processes. The first empirical chapter of this thesis presents the evaluations of C&C’s implementation and differential effects. This evaluation revealed high variability in implementation fidelity rates from one program component to another, and across implementation sites. Further, results suggest that implementation fidelity is associated to C&C’s effects on student engagement and achievement. Nevertheless, that relation varies from one program component to another and based on implementation context. The second empirical chapter of the thesis presents the evaluation of C&C’s process in four distinct cases. This evaluation reveals that many processes influenced the implementation experience of interviewed actors. Results also show the dynamic influences of implementation processes. These dynamics are illustrated using a theory originating from organizational psychology: the Theory of Planned Change, which presents the implementation of an intervention program as a change in practices. In conclusion, the evaluations presented in this thesis first support the importance of implementation fidelity and context to achieve the desired effects when instigating an intervention program. For professionals and organizations interested in implementing an intervention program in a school setting, results further suggest the importance of adequate preparation and optimal implementation conditions, since implementation fidelity in itself is not sufficient to ensure positive intervention results.

De nombreux travaux se sont intéressés aux facteurs sociaux et scolaires du décrochage situés au niveau de l’école élémentaire ou du début du collège (e.g., difficultés scolaires liées à une origine sociale défavorisée). En complément, un besoin de recherche existe pour mieux comprendre le décrochage au lycée et le « processus de stress » qui le sous-tend (Dupéré et al., 2015). Les travaux de cette thèse visent à combler ce besoin en analysant les données administratives et auto-rapportées portant sur des lycéens des filières professionnelles et générales ou technologiques suivis pendant trois ans à partir de la classe de 2nde (N > 1900, dont 17% de décrocheurs). Premièrement, nos analyses multiniveaux montrent que, à caractéristiques comparables en termes d’origine sociale et de parcours scolaire en amont du lycée, le processus de stress au début du lycée augmente le risque de décrochage scolaire en diminuant les perceptions de justice scolaire, de contrôle sur la scolarité et de soutien enseignant (i.e., ressources et besoins protecteurs face au stress), ainsi que l’engagement et les résultats scolaires (i.e., facteurs proximaux du stress). Deuxièmement, quel que soit le parcours de vie de l’élève, le fait d’intégrer une spécialité de formation offrant des perspectives d’emploi plus défavorables facilite le décrochage. De même, intégrer une spécialité moins prestigieuse augmente le risque de décrocher, mais uniquement chez les élèves qui perçoivent peu de contrôle ou de justice au lycée. Troisièmement, des analyses de trajectoires scolaires indiquent l’existence de 4 profils de décrocheurs qui se distinguent aussi bien au niveau de leur parcours de vie que de leur processus de stress. La majorité d’entre eux (60%) présentent des profils d’élèves « dans la norme » au cours du lycée et s’avèrent surreprésentés dans les filières plus défavorisées. Globalement, ces résultats suggèrent que le décrochage au lycée n’est pas réductible aux facteurs de risque précoces mis en avant dans la littérature, mais qu’il tient aussi à l’existence de formations peu porteuses en termes d’emploi et au processus de stress qui résulte, pour certains élèves, de la relégation socio-scolaire. Des implications sont tirées concernant la manière de concevoir et de lutter contre le décrochage dans une approche combinant ces dimensions (i.e., l’orientation scolaire et le développement individuel). / A number of studies have delved into the social or school factors of dropping out rooted in the contexts of elementary or middle school (e.g., school difficulties associated with a low socioeconomic background). As a complement, more research is needed to better understand dropping out during high school and its underlying « stress process » (Dupéré et al., 2015). The present thesis responds to this need by analysing administrative and self-reported data from vocational and academic students followed during three years starting at the first year of high school (N > 1900, including 17% dropouts). Firstly, our multilevel analyses show that, regardless of students’ social and school background before high school, the stress process at the beginning of high school increases the odds of dropping out by diminishing perceptions of school justice and control and teacher support (i.e., resources and needs that protect against stress) as well as school engagement and grades (i.e., proximal factors of stress). Secondly, regardless of students’ background, being admitted into a vocational track that offers poorer employment prospects facilitates dropping out. Likewise, entering a less prestigious track contributes to dropout, but only among students who feel little control or justice in the high school context. Thirdly, analyses of school trajectories point to the existence of 4 dropout profiles that can be differentiated according to their life course and stress process. Most dropouts (60%) show “normative” student profiles during high school and are overrepresented in the most unfavourable tracks. Overall, these results suggest that high school dropout cannot be reduced to the early risk factors that are highlighted in the literature, but that it is also due to the existence of tracks that show little promise for future employment and to the stress process that results, for some students, from school and social relegation. Implications are drawn regarding the way dropping out can be conceived of and tackled from an approach that combines these dimensions (i.e., school tracking and individual development).

Les recherches sur les enfants placés par les services sociaux indiquent qu'ils ont des difficultés scolaires plus fréquentes et plus importantes que le reste de la population. Cette recherche comparative entre la France et l'Angleterre se concentre sur les accueils en établissement : la suppléance familiale est ici exercée par une équipe de professionnels. Nous analysons cette reconfiguration sociale et familiale afin de mieux appréhender les logiques et les processus qui sous-tendent les parcours scolaires des enfants placés et leur accompagnement dans le cadre du placement. Notre approche, interactionniste, adopte une démarche compréhensive qui permet d'affiner l'analyse et donc les connaissances sur la population, et notamment de comprendre pourquoi certains réussissent malgré le cumul des difficultés rencontrées. Nous nous appuyons sur le concept d'accrochage scolaire comme le point culminant d'un ensemble de processus longs et complexes qui se combinent entre eux. La partie principale de notre corpus est composée d'une centaine d'entretiens individuels et semi-dirigés et d'observations participantes menées sur plusieurs mois au sein de huit établissements en France et en Angleterre. Cette recherche permet d'avoir une meilleure compréhension de ce nouveau cadre de socialisation. Nous étudions les pratiques des professionnels, leur investissement sur la question scolaire et sur l'élaboration des projets professionnels. Le placement tend à confirmer et consolider les carrières scolaires des jeunes dès leur entrée dans la prise en charge et à entretenir les inégalités scolaires par sa structure et par des modes de socialisation éloignés des modes scolaires. / Research has regularly pointed at the poor achievement of Looked after children in comparison with the rest of the population. This comparative research between France and England focuses on residential care: the main dimensions of parenting are attributed to a team composed of professionals. We analyse this social and family reconfiguration in order to apprehend the logic and processes which underlie the educational pathways of children in care and their support when under care. Our interactionist approach uses a comprehensive methodology in order to enhance the analysis and the knowledge on this population, particularly to understand why some of these children achieve success at school despite the accumulation of difficulties. We develop the concept of school persistence as the peak of a set of long and complex processes which are combined. The main part of our data is obtained through a hundred of semi-structured face-to-face interviews and observation work into eight long-term children's home over a period of several months. This research improves the understanding on this organization as a new frame of socialization. We study the practices of, their commitment in education and towards the development of professional perspectives for children. Care in children's homes tends to confirm and reinforce the children's underachievement from the beginning of the care placement in the sense that it maintains educational inequalities due to its structure and socialization processes that are distant from those which can be observed at school.