Övervikt och fetma är ett hälsoproblem bland barn och ungdomar idag och beror främst på att vårt kaloriintag är större än vår energiförbrukning. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa och sammanställa forskning som beskriver olika omvårdande insatser som främjar hälsa hos överviktiga och feta barn och ungdomar. Metoden som användes var litteraturöversikt. Elva artiklar analyserades och sammanställdes och resultatet visades genom fyra teman som benämndes; att identifiera ohälsa, att vara en vägledare, att arbeta med motivation och att stödja familjen. Resultaten visade att identifiering av barn med fetma är viktig för att barnet ska få hjälp på ett tidigt stadium. Barn och ungdomar behöver stöd i form av hälsovägledning och motiverande samtal. Föräldrars deltagande är viktigt för barn och ungdomar långsiktigt och därför är det viktigt att även stödja föräldrar. Resultaten visade även att det finns omvårdande insatser riktade mot feta barn och ungdomar som ger positiva effekter på deras hälsa. / Overweight and obesity is a health problem among children and adolescents today and is mainly due to our caloric intake being greater than our energy consumption. The purpose of this study was to highlight and summarize research that describes the various nursing interventions that promote health for obese children and adolescents. The method used was literature review. Eleven articles were analyzed and the results were shown in four themes named; to identify health problems, being a guide, to work with motivation and to support the family. The result showed that identification of obese children is important for the child to get help at an early stage. The result also showed that children and adolescents need support in terms of health counseling and motivational interviewing. Parental involvement is important for children and young people long term and therefore it is important to also support the parents. In conclusion there are nursing interventions targeting obese children and adolescents that have a positive impact on their health.

Mokykloje susikerta visuomenės ir asmens sveikatos priežiūros sferoms priskiriamos veiklos sritys. Neaišku, ar dabartinis mokyklos visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros specialistas yra pasirengęs įgyvendinti šiuos uždavinius. Neįvertinta, kokią nuomonę apie šią sistemą turi mokinių tėvai. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti mokyklų sveikatos priežiūros darbuotojų bei mokinių tėvų požiūrį į mokinių sveikatos priežiūros reformą mokyklose. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti mokyklų sveikatos priežiūros darbuotojų požiūrį į vykstančią mokinių sveikatos priežiūros reformą mokyklose. 2. Palyginti Šiaulių miesto ir rajono sveikatos priežiūros specialistų požiūrį į vykstančią mokinių sveikatos priežiūros reformą mokyklose. 3. Įvertinti mokinių tėvų požiūrį į vykstančią mokinių sveikatos priežiūros reformą mokyklose. Metodika: 2006 m. atlikta Šiaulių miesto ir rajono mokyklų sveikatos priežiūros specialisčių anoniminė anketinė apklausa. Apklaustos 56 Šiaulių miesto ir rajono mokyklose dirbančios sveikatos priežiūros specialistės. Vertinant mokinių tėvų požiūrį į mokinių sveikatos priežiūros reformą atlikta trijų Šiaulių miesto vidurinių mokyklų 4, 8, 11 klasių mokinių tėvų anoniminė anketinė apklausa. Anketų grįžtamumas buvo 81,7 proc. (343 iš 420 anketų). Respondentų anketiniai duomenys buvo analizuojami naudojant kompiuterinį SPSS 10.03 versijos statistinį paketą. Rezultatai: Beveik pusė (41,1 proc.) mokyklų sveikatos priežiūros specialisčių mokinių sveikatos priežiūros reformai mokyklose pritarė, 2... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / School is the place where responsibilities of individual and public health care activities overlap. It is not clear, however, if public health specialists at schools are ready to take all required responsibilities. The opinion of student parents about this system has not been evaluated either. Goal: to evaluate the attitude of school health care providers and student parents towards health care reform at schools. Tasks: 1. To evaluate the attitude of school health care providers towards the ongoing health care reform at schools. 2. To compare the attitudes of school health care specialists in the city and district of Siauliai towards the ongoing student health care reform at schools. 3. To evaluate the attitude of student parents towards the ongoing student health care reform at schools. Methods: an anonymous survey of school health care specialists was carried out in the city of Siauliai and its’ district in the year 2006. 56 health care specialists working at Siauliai city and district schools were questioned. For evaluation of parents’ attitude towards health care reform, parents of 4th, 8th and 11th year students were anonymously questioned at three secondary schools in the city of Siauliai. The response rate among parents was 81.7% (343 out of 420 ). Version 10.03 of SPSS statistical software package was used to analyze the collected survey data. Results: nearly a half (41.1%) of school health care specialists agreed with the reform, 21.4% opposed it against, 37... [to full text]

Aim of the study: to evaluate competence of school health care specialists in Kaunas. Objectives: 1. to evaluate professional competence; 2. to evaluate personal and social competence; 3. to determine the factors related to competence evaluation. Methods: The object of the research – competence of school health care specialists. Three levels of competence – professional, personal and social – are evaluated. Methods – 1. review of scientific literature; 2. juridical paper analysis; 3. questionnaire survey; 4. statistical data analysis (Spearman correlation coefficient, t – test, descriptive statistics. Results: The analysis of professional knowledge self-assessment of separate functions showed that 10 functions out of 17 were evaluated by 4 points and over. Total evaluation of knowledge of all 17 functions was 67,9±8,8 points out of 85 points possible. The analysis of professional skills self-assessment showed that skills of 9 functions out of 17 were evaluated by 4 points and over. Total evaluation of professional skills was 64,6±10,2 points out of 85 points possible. The evaluation of personal competence showed that respondents gave 4 points and over to 3 personal features out of 8 features possible. Total evaluation of personal competence was 31,7±4,3 points out of 40 points possible. The analysis of social competence evaluation showed that 2 out of 5 social features were evaluated by 4 points and over. Total evaluation of social competence reached 19,5±2,7... [to full text]

Uždaviniai : 1. įvertinti mokinių sveikatą ir jų naudojimąsi sveikatinimo paslaugomis; 2. nustatyti mokinių žinias apie sveikatą, gyvenseną ir žalingus įpročius; 3. nustatyti veiksnius, įtakojančius mokyklos sveikatos specialisto veiklos vertinimą; 4. palyginti nuomones apie VSS veiklą tarp mieste ir rajone gyvenančių mokinių bei tarp mokinių, lankančių vidurines mokyklas ir gimnazijas. Metodika. Tyrimo objektas – mokyklos sveikatos specialisto veiklos vertinimas. Tiriamos VSS veiklos sąsajos su mokinių sveikatos vertinimu ir sveikatos raštingumu. Atlikta anoniminė anketinė apklausa ir lyginamoji statistinė analizė naudojant SPSS programą (12.0 versiją). Apklausoje dalyvavo 406 8-tų ir 11-tų klasių mokiniai iš Kauno miesto ir rajono gimnazijų bei bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų. Atsako dažnis – 95,7 proc. Rezultatai. Mokiniai mokyklos VSS veiklą vertino patenkinamai. Paaugliai nurodė, jog pagrindinis, gautos sveikatinimo informacijos šaltinis yra gydytojas, antrasis – artimieji, tik 4 proc. nurodė VSS. Trečdalis paauglių sveikatos žinių negauna per jokias pamokas. 42,6 proc. dėl traumos apsilankiusiųjų specialisto darbą vertino gerai. Dauguma apsilankiusių iš jo negavo pakankamai informacijos. 59,9 proc. nurodė, jog VSS veikla nepakito. Blogiausiai įvertintos dvi VSS veiklos sritys – medicininės pagalbos, patarimų sveikatos klausimais teikimas bei jų suprantamumas, geriausiai – prevencinių priemonių įgyvendinimas. Dauguma buvo nepatenkinti VSS darbo laiku. Svarbiausia veikla... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Goals: 1. to evaluate schoolchildren’ health status and ability to seek for medical help. 2. to evaluate schoolchildren’ knowledge of health, lifestyle and bad habits. 3. to evaluate assessment of school health care specialists influencing factors. 4. to compare students opinion about SHCS activity between urban and rural, comprehensive school and gymnasium. Methodology. The object of research – activities of school health care specialists (SHCS) from schoolchildren’ point of view. Researching SHCS activities coherence with schoolchildren knowledge of health and own health status. Methods – questionnaire survey and statistical data analysis using statistical package SPSS 12.0. 406 students studying in 8th and 11th grades from various gymnasiums and schools of Kaunas (urban and rural areas) were questioned. The feedback – 95.7%. Results. The schoolchildren evaluated the activities of a SHCS as satisfactory. A half of teenagers the main source of health information noted doctor and family members. Only 4 % marked SHCS. The third children don’t get any health information during their lessons. 42.6 % children, visited SHCS with trauma, described his work as fine. The majority of visitors had insufficiency in health information from SHCS. 59.9 % noted that SHCS work hasn’t changed. The worst evaluations have medical help, advices rendering and its transparency, the best – promoting preventive implements. Respondents wished SHCS to be on full time. As the main SHCS activity... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti sveikatos priežiūros paslaugas Jurbarko rajono mokyklose mokytojų ir visuomenės sveikatos specialistų požiūriu. Uždaviniai.1.Įvertinti mokytojų požiūrį į moksleivių sveikatą ir teikiamas sveikatos priežiūros paslaugas mokykloje. 2. Įvertinti mokyklų visuomenės sveikatos specialistų nuomonę apie sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų organizavimo problemas. 3. Palyginti sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų organizavimą Jurbarko rajono miesto ir kaimo vietovių bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose. Metodika. Jurbarko rajono bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose atlikta anketinė mokytojų apklausa. Išdalinta 600 anketų. Anketas grąžino 360 respondentų (60,0 proc.). Buvo vertinamas mokytojų požiūris į sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų poreikį mokykloje ir visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros specialisto veiklą. Visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros specialistų nuomonės tyrimui panaudotas kokybinis tikslinių grupių apklausos metodas. Kiekybinio tyrimo duomenys apdoroti panaudojant specializuotą duomenų tvarkymo ir statistinės analizės paketą SPSS 16.0. Rezultatai. 70,2 proc. miesto ir 47,0 proc. kaimo mokytojų mokinių sveikatą vertino patenkinamai. Atitinkamai 78,1 ir 56,9 proc. mokytojų mano, kad mokinių sveikata blogėja. Tik šiek tiek visuomenės sveikatos specialisto funkcijas žino 55,3 proc. miesto ir 65,3 proc. kaimo mokytojų. 9,0 proc. mokytojų nežino specialisto funkcijų. 42,6 proc. kaimo mokytojų vertina sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų prieinamumą mokykloje kaip nepakankamą. 89,0 proc.mokytojų visas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study: to conduct survey among teachers and medical staff of school health services and to evaluate provision of health care services in public schools of Jurbarkas district. Objectives: 1. To evaluate the attitudes of teachers on provision of health care services in schools. 2. To evaluate the opinion of schools’ public health specialists about the problems of provision of health care services at schools. 3. To compare the health care services organization between the general education schools in urban and rural areas in the Jurbarkas district. Methods. Questionnaire survey of teachers was conducted in the general schools of Jurbarkas district. 600 questionnaires were distributed. 360 respondents filled in and returned questionnaires (response rate - 60.0%). Teachers’ opinions on health care needs in school and public functions of health care specialist of school was evaluated by conducting questionnaire survey. Also qualitative research method – focus group discussion - was applied in order to get deeper insight into the issues of provision of health cares services at school. The quantitative survey data was processed through a specialized data management and statistical analysis package SPSS-16.0. Results. 70.2% urban and 47.0% rural teachers assessed the students' health satisfactory. Respectively, 78.1% and 56.9% teachers believe that students' health is deteriorating. 60.0% of teachers indicated pupils’ health care as an important problem. Only some... [to full text]

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Sverige har aldrig tidigare tagit emot så många flyktingar under så kort period som man gjorde under 2015. Många av dessa flyktingar kommer från länder med krig och förföljelse. Skolsköterskan möter flyktingbarnen och deras hälsorelaterade problem i skolan. Studien handlar om skolsköterskans upplevelser och erfarenheter av arbetet med och kring flyktingbarnen. Syfte: Syftet är att belysa skolsköterskans erfarenheter av arbetet med flyktingbarn inom skolhälsovården. Metod: Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ induktiv ansats med semistrukturerade intervjufrågor. Sex skolsköterskor intervjuades från Kalmar och Nybro kommun i södra Sverige. Data analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Skolsköterskorna hade erfarenheter av att arbetet med flyktingbarnen påverkade och förändrade deras arbetssituation. Det som utmärkte sig i skolsköterskornas erfarenheter av arbetet med flyktingbarnen var dels ett ökat arbete med journalgranskning inför vaccinationer. Det framkom också att skolsköterskorna hade erfarenheter av ökade behov av hälsovårdande insatser inom följande områden hos flyktingbarnen: svårtolkade uttrycksformer från flyktingbarnen för olika hälsotillstånd, kulturella skillnader i attityder om hälsa och egenvårdsråd, brister i tolksituationen, samt att de önskade mer utbildning kring arbetet med flyktingbarn, framförallt inom psykisk ohälsa.   Slutsats: Skolsköterskans arbete med flyktingbarnen utmärkte sig genom en ökad arbetsbelastning. Det ställdes nya krav på skolsköterskornas kompetens och arbete då andra uttrycksformer och attityder till hälsa och ohälsa gestaltades från flyktingbarnen än de som skolsköterskan tidigare var vana vid. Även brister i tolksituationen framkom. Detta var faktorer som påverkade arbetssituationen för skolsköterskorna och det framkom flera idéer om förbättring inom området. / Abstract Background: Sweden has ever received as many refugees as during the year of 2015. Many refugees migrate from countries with war and persecution. The nurses meet the refugee children on a regular basis and are confronted with their health-related problems in school. This study investigates the experience of the nurses related to their work with these children. Aim: The aim is to highlight the experience from the school nurses perspective of working with refugee children within school health care. Method: The study was conducted by using a qualitative inductive approach with semi- structured interview questions. Six school nurses were interviewed from Kalmar and Nybro, cities in the south of Sweden. Data was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. Results: The school nurses generally felt that the work with the refugee children affected their work situation. It was also found that the school nurses experienced these children were in need of an increased amount of health care attention. The results of this study showed that the nurses needed to spend more time on reading the medical records before vaccination appointments with refugee children, as well as it was time consuming to read up on the need of supplementary vaccinations. Moreover, they found that the refugee children had different ways of communicating health care related problems and had different perspective on self-care advices. Honor-related complications as well as lingual misunderstandings were some of the new challenges for the nurses. Finally, the nurses signaled that they wanted to learn more about the work with refugee children, especially within the field of mental illness. Conclusion: The school nurse's work with the refugee children was characterized by a workload. The nurses experienced that the refugee children were communicating health care related problems differently from what the nurses were used to. There were also shortcomings in the interpretation situation. This was all factors which changed their work tasks and work situation.  The study revealed several areas of improvement regarding the school nurse's work with refugee children. These were factors that affected the workforce of the school nurses

Abstract Childhood obesity is a growing national and international problem. Besides causing health problems, obesity puts a significant burden on national economy. The aim of this study was to find new information and methods with which school health care and gymnastics associations could collaborate to help families with overweight children in their weight control efforts. This study examines the experiences and perceptions on the reasons for childhood obesity and problems related to weight control among families in Oulu (n=10), school nurses and doctors in Oulu Province (n=170) and actors (n=243) involved in associations belonging to the Finnish Gymnastics Federation that arrange activities for children and adolescents. The study was implemented as action study, in which the researcher led a group aimed at parents. During the year-long intervention the children attended an exercise group with a designated leader. Parents participated once a month in the group sessions together with their children. During the children’s session the parents got together 1-2 times per month to discuss or to exercise. Data were collected through interviews with parents, measurements, interviews with children and surveys aimed at school nurses, doctors and gymnastic association actors in 2006 and 2009. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. The interviews with parents showed that hectic pace of life, work-related fatigue, parental unemployment, socioeconomic factors and a number of changes in the children’s lives gave rise to uncertainty in the children, who might react to it by eating. The families felt that they did not get enough support from health care on weight control-related matters, while representatives of school health care and gymnastics associations criticised parents’ “inability” to act as adults in the family. Due to the children’s poor motor skills, increased childhood obesity was seen in the gymnastics association as complicating the work of coaches. Supporting a regular daily rhythm in families, supporting activities and developing opportunities for family exercise seem to be of significance in children’s weight control. Introduction to exercise among overweight children was facilitated by setting up a special exercise group for them. The readiness for multiprofessional collaboration among school nurses and representatives of gymnastics associations increased during the research process. The working methods of school nurses must be improved so that they, as members of a primary health care expert team, can influence problems in families that may result in overweight in children. The know-how and nationwide operation of gymnastics associations should be made use of in children’s weight control. / Tiivistelmä Lasten lihavuus on kasvava sekä kansallinen että kansainvälinen ongelma. Terveyshaittojen lisäksi lihavuuden aiheuttamat kansantaloudelliset kustannukset ovat merkittäviä. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli löytää uutta tietoa ja keinoja, joilla kouluterveydenhuolto ja voimisteluseurat voisivat yhteistyössä auttaa liikapainoisten lasten perheitä lasten painonhallinnassa. Työssä tutkitaan oululaisten perheiden (n=10), Oulun läänin kouluterveydenhoitajien ja koululääkäreiden (n=170) sekä Suomen voimisteluliiton lasten ja nuorten toimintaa järjestävien seurojen toimijoiden (n=243) kokemuksia ja näkemyksiä lasten lihavuuden syistä ja painonhallintaan liittyvistä ongelmista. Tutkimus toteutettiin toimintatutkimuksena, jossa tutkija toimi vanhempien ryhmän ohjaajana. Vuoden kestävän intervention aikana lapsilla oli kerran viikossa oma liikuntaryhmä ja ohjaaja, vanhemmat osallistuivat lasten kanssa yhteiselle tunnille kerran kuukaudessa. Lasten tuntien aikana vanhemmat kokoontuivat 1-2 kertaa kuukaudessa keskustelemaan tai liikkumaan yhdessä. Tutkimusaineistoa kerättiin vanhempien haastatteluilla, mittauksilla, lasten haastattelulla ja kouluterveydenhoitajien ja koululääkäreiden sekä voimisteluseurojen toimijoiden kyselyllä vuosina 2006 ja 2009. Aineisto analysoitiin induktiivisella sisällön analyysilla. Vanhempien haastatteluista kävi ilmi, että kiire, työn aiheuttama väsymys, vanhempien työttömyys, sosioekonomiset asiat sekä monet muutokset lapsen elämässä hämmensivät lasta, joka saattoi reagoida epävarmuuteen syömällä. Perheet kokivat, etteivät he saaneet painonhallinta-asioissa riittävästi tukea terveydenhuollolta. Kouluterveydenhuollon ja voimisteluseurojen edustajat puolestaan kritisoivat vanhempien ”voimattomuutta” olla aikuinen perheessä. Voimisteluseuroissa lasten liikapainon lisääntyminen näkyi lasten heikkojen motoristen taitojen vuoksi ohjaajien työn vaikeutumisena. Perheiden säännöllisen päivärytmin ja toiminnan tukemisella sekä perheliikunnan kehittämisellä näyttäisi olevan merkitystä lasten painonhallinnassa. Liikapainoisten lasten liikuntaan totuttelua tuki oman liikuntaryhmän perustaminen. Kouluterveydenhoitajien ja voimisteluseurojen edustajien valmius monitahoiseen yhteistyöhön lisääntyi tutkimusprosessin aikana. Kouluterveydenhoitajien työtapoja tulee kehittää niin, että he voivat perus-terveydenhuollon asiantuntijaryhmän jäseninä vaikuttaa perheen todellisiin ongelmiin, joista lasten liikapaino saattaa olla seurausta. Lasten painonhallinnassa tulee hyödyntää voimisteluseuroissa olevaa osaamista ja valtakunnallisesti laajaa toimintaa.

SUMMARY THE NEED OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES AT THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF ALYTUS TOWN Author: Daiva Kubiliene Supervisor: Linas Sumskas, PhD, Assoc. Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine, faculty of Public Health, Kaunas University of Medicine Aim of study. To evaluate the need of health care services in the secondary schools of Alytus. Objectives: 1. To assess the health and health behavioral problems in school-aged children. 2. To evaluate the attitudes of parents to the need of health care services at the secondary schools. 3. To evaluate the attitudes of staff of health care services at school about the provision of health care services in school settings. Methods. Questionnaire survey was carried out in parents of school-aged children of 3rd, 7th and 11th grades at the secondary schools in Alytus town in 2004. 216 respondents were selected for the study, 161 (74.5%) of them have filled in the questionnaire forms (response rate – 74.5%). A set of questions was addressed to parents in order to clarify parents’ attitudes about the health care services at schools. Also another questionnaire was developed for health care specialists of secondary schools: 9 from 12 have responded (75.0%). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 10; criterion and p<0.05 confidence level was used for comparison between the variables. Results. Health care services were provided for students at all 18 secondary schools in Alytus. 12 health care specialists were conducting their duties... [to full text]