O presente projeto de pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar as condições das práticas esportivas escolares (PEEs) do ensino fundamental no município de Santos-SP, com relação a: a) existência ou inexistência das mesmas; b) descrição dos recursos materiais e financeiros; c) caracterização dos professores/treinadores; d) planejamento do programa desenvolvido. Para isso, aplicaram-se questionários compostos de questões abertas e fechadas aos coordenadores/diretores (n=15) e professores/treinadores (n=85) de escolas que oferecem PEEs. Verificou-se que 85% das escolas de Santos oferecem as PEEs, entretanto, poucas crianças são atendidas nos programas. Os recursos materiais e financeiros das escolas privadas são melhores do que os das escolas públicas, embora as escolas municipais apresentem boas instalações, já que utiliza espaços cedidos pela secretaria de esportes e comunidade. A maioria dos professores/treinadores é do sexo masculino e ex-atletas das modalidades que ministram. Os professores/treinadores de escolas privadas e estaduais possuem melhor formação do que os das escolas municipais. A maior parte dos diretores/coordenadores de escolas privadas e municipais acredita que as PEEs não estão inseridas no projeto político pedagógico (PPP) da escola. Os objetivos das PEEs são diferentes nas redes de ensino avaliadas e na comparação entre os discursos dos diretores/coordenadores e professores/treinadores. Apesar do potencial das PEEs de possivelmente contribuir para a formação para a cidadania e democratização da prática esportiva, observamos que na cidade de Santos-SP tal fato não vem ocorrendo, uma vez que os programas avaliados atendem a poucas crianças e jovens, e parecem distantes do PPP das escolas / The objective of the current research project is to analyze the elementary School Sport Conditions in Santos-SP, regarding the following: a) existence and inexistence; b) equipment and financial description; c) coachs characterization; d) the program planning. A questionnaire with some open and closed questions was made to the schools coordinators/directors (n=15) and teachers/coaches (n=85) for this research. It was apparent that there was a need for 85% of the schools in Santos have the School Sports Condition, although, just some children are in the program. Regarding the financial and equipment resources are better in private schools than publics, however, the municipal schools have better places, because they are given from the Sports Department of Santos and from community. The most teachers/coaches are mainly male and ex-athletes. The teachers/coaches from the privates and publics schools have a better graduation than the municipal schools. The most part of the directors/coordinators from the privates and municipal schools believe that the elementary school project is not in the Pedagogical Political Project from the school. The objective from the Pedagogical Political Project is different from the schools evaluated and comparing the directors/coordinators and teachers/coaches speeches. Besides that, in Santos the Pedagogical Political Project has not been working, once that the programs evaluated have just some children and teenagers, and they are not connect with the Pedagogical Project from the schools

M.Phil. / The aim of this study was to determine the role that USSASA played in Tshwane North district, and to provide guidelines for the organization in facilitating optimal development of school sport in the district. It was an explorative type of study with qualitative and quantitative data collected from 39 schools in the district, with two respondents per school. A representative sample of schools were randomly selected (20% per category on average) for the study, which included Farm schools (n=3), Townships schools (n=14), Ex Model C schools (n=12), Independent (Private) schools (n=5) and LSEN (Learners with Special Educational Needs) schools (n=5). The principal and the sports organizer were targeted as respondents. Out of these, 38 schools responded, which means that 76 respondents completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire included three categories which focused on biographical Information, sport related issues and strategic partnerships. The findings indicated that USSASA had made a substantive contribution to school sport in the district. However, the demands made by schools were diverse and sometimes unachievable, especially learners from LSEN schools felt marginalized as they were not included in mainstream sport programmes and events. Furthermore, some schools were found to have their academic activities disturbed due to educator involvement in USSASA. This shows that due to unceasing demands, USSASA needs to employ full-time staff to do its work and not involve educators to such a large extent. Information flow to some schools from USSASA also did not reach the schools in time. However, USSASA provided access to wider sport participation in 18 sporting codes for many schools. / Prof. C. Burnett Prof. W. J. Hollander

Die Beiträge der vorliegenden Festschrift, die anlässlich der Emeritierung von Prof. Dr. Albrecht Hummel entstanden ist, greifen aus unterschiedlichsten Perspektiven Themen der empirischen Bildungsforschung auf. Sie fokussieren insbesondere Forschungsfragen des Kinder- und Jugendsports, des Schulsports, der Talententwicklung und der Bildungsganganalyse. Die Zusammenstellung der Buchbeiträge, die sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen schulischer Allgemeinbildung und sportlicher Spezialbildung verorten lassen und teilweise in einem diskursiven Dialog zueinander stehen, repräsentiert die vielfältigen Schnittpunkte der beteiligten Autoren mit den Forschungsschwerpunkten respektive der akademischen Karriere des Jubilars.

In school sport the professionalisation of sport has reached the domain of school sport as a grassroots incubator for sporting talent and for providing positive experiences that might lead to lifelong engagement in physical activity. This has inevitably led to the development of specialised human resources required to manage school sport. In the South African context, despite the existence of a variety of sport management programmes, there is a need for continuously updated and adapted programmes to address the needs and demands of the market and workplace. To cope with the increased complexities surrounding school sport and the management thereof, a distinct body of knowledge and skills needs to be developed (Quatman & Chelladurai, 2008a:651) for the management of school sport. Concern over the lack of common knowledge, as well as a pertinent sport management programme for educator training to prepare educators for the diverse contemporary requirements and needs regarding the management of school sport, has resulted in current and prospective educators not necessarily meeting the needs or expectations of the industry in a diversity of South African schools to manage school sport. As a result there appears to be a gap between current sport management programmes‟ outcomes at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)1 in South Africa and the expected competencies of school sport managers. A need thus exists to have a sport management programme in place for educator training in accordance with the diverse needs of South African schools. Based on the preceding, the problem of identifying the needs and competencies of school sport managers required for the sport management training of educators according to the diverse context of South African schools is seen as the central point in this study. In coherence with the problem statement and the stated research questions, the purpose of this research was to determine the needs and competencies of school sport managers in order to develop a sport management programme for educator training according to the diverse needs of schools in South Africa. In order to achieve this, based on the problem statement, it was necessary to: * Determine the context of school sport within the education system; * Describe and delineate the current role of the school sport manager within the education system; * To analyse international and national sport management training programmes as part of educator training; * Determine the needs and competencies required by educators to manage school sport effectively according to the diverse needs of South African schools; and * Develop a sport management training programme for school sport managers according to the diverse needs of South African schools. To be able to develop a sport management programme for educator training, it was necessary to develop a related instrument that was content and context specific. Contextual, descriptive and explorative qualitative research was undertaken by means of a semi-structured interview. After the sport management competencies and needs were identified, a questionnaire (quantitative research), based on the qualitative research and the literature study in Chapters Two, Three and Four was compiled as part of the mixed-methods research design. To make a sound judgement of content and context specific sport management programmes for educator training, an occupation analysis of the identified school sport management competencies and a needs analysis of specific needs required to manage school sport was undertaken by means of a structured questionnaire. Once the competencies and needs required to manage school sport were defined, programme development principles were applied to develop a sport management programme for educator training in accordance with the diverse needs of South African schools. Conclusions drawn from the above-mentioned research include that the school sport management environment is exceptionally varied, politicised and complex. Another conclusion was that competencies required by the school sport manager can be divided into core, functional and specialist competencies, indicating a range of competencies necessary to equip and enable the school sport manager to manage school sport successfully. This phenomenon cannot merely be ignored by HEIs2 when a content and context-specific market and needs-driven sport management programme for educator training in a diversity of South African schools is developed. It is therefore recommended that a school sport management programme be tailored to the content and context-specific needs of society and school sport managers. In the light of the preceding and a continuously changing education landscape in South Africa, it is necessary that the developed sport management programme and related guidelines for a sport management programme for initial educator training in accordance with the diverse needs of South African schools should continuously be supplemented and adapted in a dynamic school sport environment. / PhD (Movement Education), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

In school sport the professionalisation of sport has reached the domain of school sport as a grassroots incubator for sporting talent and for providing positive experiences that might lead to lifelong engagement in physical activity. This has inevitably led to the development of specialised human resources required to manage school sport. In the South African context, despite the existence of a variety of sport management programmes, there is a need for continuously updated and adapted programmes to address the needs and demands of the market and workplace. To cope with the increased complexities surrounding school sport and the management thereof, a distinct body of knowledge and skills needs to be developed (Quatman & Chelladurai, 2008a:651) for the management of school sport. Concern over the lack of common knowledge, as well as a pertinent sport management programme for educator training to prepare educators for the diverse contemporary requirements and needs regarding the management of school sport, has resulted in current and prospective educators not necessarily meeting the needs or expectations of the industry in a diversity of South African schools to manage school sport. As a result there appears to be a gap between current sport management programmes‟ outcomes at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)1 in South Africa and the expected competencies of school sport managers. A need thus exists to have a sport management programme in place for educator training in accordance with the diverse needs of South African schools. Based on the preceding, the problem of identifying the needs and competencies of school sport managers required for the sport management training of educators according to the diverse context of South African schools is seen as the central point in this study. In coherence with the problem statement and the stated research questions, the purpose of this research was to determine the needs and competencies of school sport managers in order to develop a sport management programme for educator training according to the diverse needs of schools in South Africa. In order to achieve this, based on the problem statement, it was necessary to: * Determine the context of school sport within the education system; * Describe and delineate the current role of the school sport manager within the education system; * To analyse international and national sport management training programmes as part of educator training; * Determine the needs and competencies required by educators to manage school sport effectively according to the diverse needs of South African schools; and * Develop a sport management training programme for school sport managers according to the diverse needs of South African schools. To be able to develop a sport management programme for educator training, it was necessary to develop a related instrument that was content and context specific. Contextual, descriptive and explorative qualitative research was undertaken by means of a semi-structured interview. After the sport management competencies and needs were identified, a questionnaire (quantitative research), based on the qualitative research and the literature study in Chapters Two, Three and Four was compiled as part of the mixed-methods research design. To make a sound judgement of content and context specific sport management programmes for educator training, an occupation analysis of the identified school sport management competencies and a needs analysis of specific needs required to manage school sport was undertaken by means of a structured questionnaire. Once the competencies and needs required to manage school sport were defined, programme development principles were applied to develop a sport management programme for educator training in accordance with the diverse needs of South African schools. Conclusions drawn from the above-mentioned research include that the school sport management environment is exceptionally varied, politicised and complex. Another conclusion was that competencies required by the school sport manager can be divided into core, functional and specialist competencies, indicating a range of competencies necessary to equip and enable the school sport manager to manage school sport successfully. This phenomenon cannot merely be ignored by HEIs2 when a content and context-specific market and needs-driven sport management programme for educator training in a diversity of South African schools is developed. It is therefore recommended that a school sport management programme be tailored to the content and context-specific needs of society and school sport managers. In the light of the preceding and a continuously changing education landscape in South Africa, it is necessary that the developed sport management programme and related guidelines for a sport management programme for initial educator training in accordance with the diverse needs of South African schools should continuously be supplemented and adapted in a dynamic school sport environment. / PhD (Movement Education), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Psykisk ohälsa bland elitidrottare har varit ett stigmatiserat område och forskning kring ämnet växer. Idag finns mycket som tyder på att elitidrottare utövar en livsstil med stora fysiska och psykiska belastningar vilket har visat sig vara mer ohälsosamt än vad den generella uppfattningen tidigare varit. Som elitidrottare förväntas en att leva efter idrottens alla regler för att bli framgångsrik. I den här uppsatsen studeras förekomst av, och skillnader i psykosomatiska besvär mellan tre grupper av gymnasieelever i årskurs tre som har elitidrottsinriktning (Nationellt godkänd idrottsutbildning, NIU), allmän idrottsinriktning (Idrottsprogram, IDR) och elever utan idrottsinriktning. Det undersöks även om det förekommer samband mellan psykosomat­iska besvär och de olika gymnasiala inriktningarna. Studien har genomförts med en kvant­itativ tvärsnittsstudie med enkäter som delades ut till två skolor i en ort i mellersta Sverige. Totalt deltog 116 elever i undersökningen, med elit- och idrotts- samt utan idrottsinriktning. Resultatet visade att det fanns psykosomatiska besvär hos de olika gymnasiala in­riktning­arna, men inga signifikanta skillnader eller samband fastställdes. Ett intressant biresultat som påträffades är ett signifikant samband mellan att vara nervös och irriterad och att vara stress­ad och ha svårt att sova, samt att sambandet stärktes för samtliga elever att ha nämnda besvär. Nyckelord: Folkhälsa, psykisk ohälsa, psykosomatiska besvär, elitidrott, gymnasieelever, gymnasial idrottsinriktning. / Mental illness among elite athletes has been a stigmatized area and the research area is growing. Today, a lot of things points towards that elite athletes are practicing a lifestyle with great physical and mental tension. Having a profession as an elite athlete has proven to be more unhealthy than the general perception was. As an elite athlete you are expected to live for the sport, to follow its rules in order to achieve a successful career. This study investigates the prevalence of, and differences in psychosomatic disorders between three groups of secondary school students in their last year who have elite sport special­ization (Nationally certified physical education), public sports specialization (sports program) and students without sport specialization. It also investigates whether there is an association between psychosomatic disorders and the three various sport specializations. A quantitative cross-sectional study was performed and a questionnaire were distributed to two schools in central Sweden. A total of 116 students in their 3rd and last year of the secondary school with elite- and sport orientation and without sport orientation participated in the survey. The results showed a difference in the prevalence of psychosomatic disorders among the various orientations in secondary school. Eventhough no significant diff­erences or associations between psychosomatic disorders and secondary school orientation was found, a secondary finding was found in the form of significant correlations for the student to be nervous and irritated with being stressed and having trouble falling asleep, and the associations became stronger for students having these problems. Keywords: Public health, mental disorder, psychosomatic disorder, elite sports, secondary school students, secondary school sport specialization.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final Lilian.pdf: 1641028 bytes, checksum: 4d2740c934853f60e8f09ab1f98276e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this work was to verify the State Schools Sport Program's (PEEE) impact in Santa Catarina's public schooling system. For this end, the current organizational structures both of the Schooling National Authority and the Brazilian Sport Authority were studied and analysed, to check the existence of plans and/or projects and specific financial resources for sport in the schools. The PEEE from 2001-1003 was researched regarding number of students, schools and municipalities that were part of it; schools participation's trends in the life of the program; cost/results quotient for student per year and also the provision of played sport modalities and its growth during the three phases when it was offered. The impact of this program in the school community's perception were also evaluated. After that, the lack of an official and specific public policy for school sport inside the schools was a clear fact. As conclusion, the PEEE positive impact resulted in better school community interpersonal relationships, students and teachers' behaviour changes, better quality and quantity of didactic stock arriving at schools, diversity in sport modalities practices and increased self-esteem for the Physical Education teachers. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o impacto do Programa Estadual Esporte Escolar (PEEE) no contexto da Rede Pública Estadual de Ensino de Santa Catarina. Para isto procurou-se conhecer e se analisou as estruturas organizacionais atuais do Sistema Nacional de Ensino e do Sistema Brasileiro do Esporte, para verificar a existência de planos, programas e/ou projetos e, ainda, recursos financeiros específicos para o esporte escolar. Pesquisou-se o PEEE no triênio 2001-2003 quanto ao número de alunos, escolas e municípios que participaram deste, quanto à evolução da participação das escolas durante a execução deste programa, quanto à relação custo/benefício por aluno/ano, quanto à oferta de modalidades esportivas praticadas e a sua ampliação durante as três etapas, nas quais este foi ofertado. Avaliou-se, ainda a percepção da comunidade escolar. Depois destas avaliações constatou-se a inexistência de uma política pública oficial e específica para o esporte escolar no espaço escola. Concluiu-se assim que o impacto positivo do PEEE melhorou as relações interpessoais na comunidade escolar, mudou comportamentos dos alunos e professores, melhorou a quantidade e a qualidade do material didático que chega às escolas, diversificou a prática das modalidades esportivas e melhorou a auto-estima dos professores de Educação Física.

This study was aimed at finding reasons for nonparticipation in sport by black learners at secondary school level. It was carried out with a group of grade 9 to 12 learners who do not participate in sport at secondary schools in black townships. A nonparticipation in sport at secondary school level questionnaire was developed to measure the most important reasons for nonparticipation. Among the reasons learners cited were lack of sport facilities, political factors, social factors and factors related to self-image. Social circumstances were found to be intimately linked and overlapping with political circumstances. For learners coming from impoverished backgrounds, sport comes a very poor second. Based on the results of the study, a number of recommendations were made for education managers and sport administrators. Contributions of the study were highlighted and suggestions for further research made. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

This study focused on policy agenda-setting models for school sport and physical education in South Africa. The primary objective was to assess and propose options for improved agenda-setting by focussing on the use of agenda-setting models and by applying it to physical education and school sport and the policy agenda of the national government. The study has shown that pertinent school sport and physical education policy issues, as supported by key role-players and principal actors, were initially not placed on the formal policy agenda of government during the research investigation period (2005-2009). However, during 2010 and 2011 the issue of school sport and physical education received prominent attention by authorities and these developments were subsequently included in the study. The study aimed at contributing to existing policy agenda-setting models and by recommending changes to the Generic Process Model.The study also made a contribution by informing various role-players and stakeholders in education and school sport on the opportunities in policy agenda-setting. The study showed that policy agenda-setting is a vital step in the Generic Policy Process Model. Policy agendasetting in South Africa is critical, as it is important to place new and emerging policy issues on the policy agenda and as a participative public policy process is relatively new in this young democracy. The reader should not confuse the study as one dealing with school sport and physical education primarily, but rather as a research investigation dealing with policy agenda-setting models as applied to school sport and physical education.The secondary objectives of the study included the development of a historical perspective on trends and tendencies in education and sport in South Africa. A second objective was to provide theoretical perspectives on public policy and specifically on policy agenda-setting. From these theoretical perspectives, the Generic Policy Process Model was selected to use as a model that provided guidance on the overall policy process normally followed in South Africa. The Issue Attention Cycle and Principal Actor Models on Agenda-Setting were selected to apply to the case study to specifically ascertain important factors related to policy agenda-setting such as the identification of key role players as well as key policy issues. The Generic Policy Process Model provided for both a comprehensive set of phases as well as specific requirements and key issues to be addressed during each phase of the policy process.In terms of findings the study found that a number of specific agenda-setting elements or phases needed to be added to the Generic Policy Process Model, which includes a problem stage, triggers, initiator, issue creation and actors or policy stakeholders.The Principal Actor Model to agenda-setting was selected for application to the case as different actors have different levels of success at each policy stage. In the South African experience it is important to look at who sets the policy agenda and why, who can initiate agenda-setting and the role played by these principal actors in the agenda-setting process.Issue emergence often places policy issues on the policy agenda. The public is initially involved in issues, but in the long term public interest declines. The government realizes the significant costs involved in placing policy issues back on the agenda. This leads to a decline in issue attention by policy-makers and the public. The Issue Attention Cycle Model of agenda setting was used to analyse this phenomenon in South African Education policy.The study provides a case assessment of the South African experience. From the research findings, a set of conclusions and recommendations were developed for improved policy agenda-setting models and implications for school sport and physical education, as well as tools to place it on the national policy agenda were identified. The research findings suggest that pertinent school sport and physical education policy issues, as supported by key roleplayers,stakeholders and principal actors were not placed on the formal policy agenda of the government as a vital step in the policy process between 2005 and 2009. Ever since, principal policy actors, civil society NGOs, and government officials placed sufficient pressure on the Minister of Basic Education to place Physical Education on the agenda. Subsequently,Minister Angie Motshega has placed physical education in the school Curriculum under the subject Life Orientation and Lifeskills. It has become evident from the research that agendasetting is both necessary to, and a complex phase in, the policy-making process.This study has shown that major policy issues such as physical education and school sport were neglected during the period 2005 and 2009 despite reformed and advanced policy cycles in government. It has also shown that the role of policy agenda-setting in the overall policymaking process was revisited by government in the subsequent period 2010/2011 and placed on the policy agenda. Specific lessons of experience emanated from this process.The study recommends that the triggers of the agenda-setting phases be added to the Generic Policy Process Model, which should include the problem stage, triggers, initiators, issue creation, actors and policy stakeholders. Principal actors in the agenda-setting model in South Africa want the issue of physical education and school sport to be part of the school curriculum, and therefore be placed back on the policy agenda by the Government on its institutional agenda. Furthermore, the study showed that actors wanted it to be compulsory in all phases of the school (Foundation, Intermediate, Senior, GET, FET) and that it should have the same legal status as other subjects.The important findings include that: Comprehensive policy process models such as that of Dunn, Wissink and the Generic Process model may need to be reviewed to incorporate more fully the policy-agenda setting stages of the overall process; Current policy agenda setting models in use are relevant and valuable in identifying key role players as well as key issues and considerations regarding the policy process; Institutional arrangements to strengthen the role of NGOs and lower level institutions,such as schools to participate in policy agenda setting are important; and the study has shown that a number of key factors have been identified that had a key influence on policy agenda-setting in the case of physical education and school sport in South Africa. These included the influence of changing political leadership, the competency of policy capacities in government, the profile of issues in the media etc. The key findings of the study have shown that further potential exists to improve monitoring and evaluation and policy analysis.The study made a set of recommendations to principal actors such as the Minister of Education, Minister of Sport and Recreation, non-governmental organisations, interest groups,department officials and pressure groups. A set of research topics was also identified for future research. / Philosophiae Doctor - PhD

The image of a school is mechanism that defines a certain school amongst other schools in the vicinity, as well as the country. The image model developed in this study, can be used as a management tool through which the school can evaluate all the different facets contributing to the image of a school, and identify positive and negative factors requiring action plans for maintenance or development. Transvalia High School has been one of the top 100 schools in South-Africa since 2009. The evaluation done by Perry (2009) does, however, only focus on the academic side of the school and not on the other factors as defined by Howard (1998:15) that contributes to the image of a school. The question thus is how the image of Transvalia presents itself, and what could possibly be done to enhance it and strengthen its position between the top 100 schools in South-Africa. It was decided to research die possible factors as identified by the literature study, that supports the image of the school and the measure of their impact. Through prioritization of the factors, management actions were derived to enhance the image of the school. Research was done through a quantitative questionnaire with a sample size of 450 students, parents and teachers randomly selected from each class in the school. The design of the questionnaire stemmed from the literature study done. The results from the questionnaires were used to: • test the validity, reliability and comparative fit of the questionnaire; and • identify critical, development and maintenance areas of the image of the school. Only 345 valid questionnaires could be used in the study. Additional comments from the questionnaires were divided into positive and negative areas, with several main focus points. The qualitative data were then sorted into these focus areas and quantified. The results of the questionnaire as a measuring instrument showed beyond doubt, that the questionnaire was sufficiently valid and reliable to measure the image of a school. A structural equation model was developed through factor analysis and the statistical department of the North-West University to determine the exact influence of each of the pillars onto the image as well as onto each other. The following results were obtained: • Only 79% of the environment contributes to the image of the school where the environment consists of the parents, the Department of Education and the school governing body; • The school culture consists of the history of the school, the climate within the school, recognition, appearance, discipline, safety and religion. Only 82% of the school culture contributes to the image. • Approximately 85% of Product Catalogue supports the image. The Product Catalogue is supported by academics, sport, leadership and tertiary alignment. • Lastly, the image is supported by 84% of delivery mechanisms that consists of the principal, teachers, infrastructure and technology of the school. From the study and the conclusions drawn, the following recommendations were made: • Parent involvement in supporting their children with homework and with sport and fundraising activities, is insufficient and requires development; • The selection of teachers, especially in the lower grades, has to have stricter requirements in line with subject needs; • Safety at school and in particular evacuation plans, requires attention and drills; • Discipline application between the teacher core has to be standardized and focused on reducing smoking students, intensified; • The perception of an imbalance between sport and academics requires proper information distribution; • Formal leadership courses have to be introduced in to the product catalogue; • Performance appraisal for teachers through a Balanced Scorecard and individual development plans have to be introduced; and • A visible marketing plan utilising the various media available have to be developed. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.