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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

A produção científica brasileira em Ciências Agrárias indexada na Web of Science : características e redes de colaboração (2000-2011)

Vargas, Rosely de Andrade January 2014 (has links)
Este estudo apresenta uma análise bibliométrica da produção científica brasileira em Ciências Agrárias indexada no Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) e no Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), da base de dados Web of Science (WoS), no período de 2000 a 2011. O corpus da pesquisa foi composto por 45.163 artigos de autores vinculados a instituições do Brasil. Para organização e análises dos dados foram utilizados os softwares Bibexel, Excel 2007 e Pajek. Os resultados mostram que o número de artigos brasileiros em Ciências Agrárias na base de dados aumentou 344%, partindo de 1.546 documentos em 2000 e atingindo 6.866 documentos em 2011. A ampliação da coleção de revistas do Brasil na WoS e a publicação de maior número de fascículos anuais por parte de várias revistas nacionais de Ciências Agrárias, recentemente inseridas na base, foram os principais fatores para esse crescimento. A análise dos idiomas de publicação revelou a predominância do inglês, com participação de 57% no total da produção, enquanto o português foi empregado em 42% das publicações. Embora tenham sido encontrados artigos em 799 periódicos de 46 países, 53,5% da produção foi publicada em revistas nacionais com baixo fator de impacto. Entre as temáticas com maior número de artigos, destacaram-se a Agricultura (31,6%), Ciências Veterinárias (15,6%), Ciências das Plantas (10%), Zoologia (9,4%) e Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (7,5%). Na análise de autoria institucional, foram identificadas 5.910 organizações do Brasil e do exterior, mas a produção científica concentrou-se num conjunto de 50 instituições. Esse conjunto, formado majoritariamente por universidades e institutos de pesquisa das esferas públicas, do Sudeste e Sul do país, foi responsável por 66,5% da produção. Dentre os 45.163 artigos, apenas 1.022 documentos, 2,2% do total, foram publicados por um único autor, indicando um considerável grau de colaboração entre pesquisadores. A participação de artigos com autoria múltipla no total das publicações passou de 96,1%, em 2000, para 98,4% em 2011. No que se refere à colaboração intrainstitucional, foram identificados 26.764 artigos em coautoria, 59,3% do total de publicações. A porcentagem de artigos com colaboração entre instituições, de 47,3% em 2000, foi ampliada para 64,2% em 2011. No caso de artigos escritos por pesquisadores do Brasil com pares de outros países, o resultado foi negativo: em 2000, 21,7% da produção envolvia colaboração científica com um ou mais países estrangeiros. Em 2011, a taxa diminuiu para 15,4%. As relações colaborativas mais significativas ocorreram com EUA, França e Alemanha. A baixa taxa de colaboração científica internacional pode ser apontada como o ponto fraco da produção científica das Ciências Agrárias indexada na WoS entre 2000 e 2011. Por outro lado, o expressivo crescimento das publicações e o aumento do número de artigos em coautoria entre pesquisadores e entre instituições nacionais destacam-se como pontos fortes. Esses avanços ocorreram num contexto marcado pela ampliação da coleção de revistas do Brasil na WoS, pelo aperfeiçoamento das revistas científicas nacionais e também pela expansão da pós-graduação na grande área, no país, e pelo consequente aumento do número de doutores e mestres titulados. / This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the Brazilian Agricultural Sciences scientific production indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) and in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), of Web of Science (WoS) database, from 2000 to 2011. The sample consisted of 45,163 papers of authors from Brazilian institutions. Bibexcel, Excel 2007 and Pajek were used for data organization and analysis. The results reveal that the number of Brazilian articles in the field of Agricultural Sciences in the database has increased by 344%, from 1,546 papers in 2000 to 6,866, in 2011. The increased collection of Brazilian journals in the WoS and the raise in the number of issues published annually by the Brazilian Agricultural Sciences journals recently indexed in the database were the main drivers for this growth. The analysis of papers publication language showed a predominance of English, with 57% of total production, followed by Portuguese, with 42% of the publications. Although Brazilian articles have been found in 799 journals, from 46 countries, 53.5% out of the total production were published in national journals, having low impact factor. Among the subjects with the highest number of articles, there were: Agriculture (31.6%), Veterinary (15.6%), Plant Science (10%), Zoology (9.4%) and Food Science and Technology (7.5%). In the analysis of institutional authorship, 5,910 organizations, both from Brazil and foreign, were identified, but the bulk of scientific production was concentrated in a set of 50 institutions. This group, mainly formed by public universities and research institutes located in the Southeast and South of the country, accounted for 66.5% of the total production. Out of the 45,163 published papers only 1,022 documents, corresponding to 2.2%, were published by a single author, suggesting a high degree of collaboration among researchers. The percentage of articles with multiple authors in the total number of publications increased from 96.1% in 2000 to 98.4%, in 2011. With regard to intra-institutional collaboration, 26,764 co-authored articles were identified, representing 59.3% of total production. The proportion of articles in collaboration between institutions rose from 47.3% in 2000 to 64.2% in 2011. In the case of papers written by Brazilian researchers and co-authored by foreign peers, there was a decrease. In 2000, 21.7% of total production involved scientific collaboration with at least one foreign country. In 2011, this figure decreased to 15.4%. The most significant collaborative relationships were established with the U.S., France and Germany. The low rate of international collaboration appears as a weakness of the Brazilian scientific production in Agricultural Sciences indexed by WoS between 2000 and 2011. Conversely, the significant growth of publications and the increased number of papers in co-authorship both between researchers and national institutions stand out as strengths. These advances have occurred in a context of expansion of Brazilian journals collection indexed by WoS, marked by the improvement of national scientific journals and even by the expansion of postgraduate programs in the field of Agricultural Sciences in Brazil, and the consequent increase in the number of graduate masters and PhD. / Este estudio presenta un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica brasileña en Ciencias Agrícolas indexadas en la base de datos Web of Science (WoS), en el Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) y en el Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), de 2000 a 2011. La muestra consistió en 45.163 artículos de autores de instituciones de Brasil. Para la organización y el análisis de datos se utilizaron los softwares Bibexel, Excel 2007 y Pajek. Los resultados muestran que el número de artículos brasileños en Ciencias Agrícolas en la base de datos se ha incrementado 344%, pasando de 1.546 documentos en 2000 para 6.866 documentos en 2011. La ampliación de la colección de revistas de Brasil en la WoS y el aumento en el número de ejemplares publicados anualmente por las revistas brasileñas de Ciencias Agrícolas recientemente inseridas en la base de datos fueron los principales factores de este crecimiento. El análisis de idiomas de publicación de los documentos reveló el predominio del inglés, con 57% en la producción total, seguido del portugués, con 42% de las publicaciones. Aunque se encontraron artículos brasileños en 799 revistas de 46 países, el 53,5% de la producción se ha publicado en revistas nacionales con bajo factor de impacto. Las materias en las que se publicaron más artículos fueron Agricultura (31,6% del total), Veterinaria (15,6%), Ciencias de las Plantas (10%), Zoología (9,4%) y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (7,5%). En el análisis de co-autoría institucional fueron identificadas 5.910 organizaciones de Brasil y del extranjero, pero la producción científica se centró en un conjunto de 50 instituciones, formado principalmente por las universidades y los institutos de investigación, del ámbito público, de las regiones Sudeste y Sur del país, responsable del 66,5% de la producción total. Entre los 45.163 artículos sólo 1.022 documentos, 2,2% del total, fueron publicados por un autor, lo que indica un alto grado de colaboración entre los investigadores. El porcentaje de artículos con autoría múltiple en el número total de publicaciones aumentó de 96,1% en 2000 al 98,4% en 2011. Con respecto a la colaboración intrainstitucional, fueron identificados 26.764 artículos, el 59,3% de la producción. Las relaciones colaborativas más importantes se produjeron con los EE.UU., Francia y Alemania. La tasa reducida de colaboración internacional aparece como punto débil de la producción científica brasileña en Ciencias Agrícolas indexada en la WoS entre 2000 y 2011. Por otra parte, el importante crecimiento de las publicaciones y el incremento del número de artículos en coautoría entre los investigadores y entre las instituciones nacionales se destacan como puntos fuertes. Esta evolución tuvo lugar en un contexto marcado por la ampliación de la colección de revistas de Brasil en WoS, el perfeccionamiento das la revistas científicas nacionales e aún por la expansión del postgrado en el área en país y el consiguiente aumento en el número de titulados en cursos de maestría y doctorado.
82

Four essays on the axiomatic method : cooperative game theory and scientometrics / Quatre essais sur la méthode axiomatique : théorie des jeux coopératifs et scientométrie

Ferrières, Sylvain 25 November 2016 (has links)
La thèse propose quatre contributions sur la méthode axiomatique. Les trois premiers chapitres utilisent le formalisme des jeux coopératifs à utilité transférable. Dans les deux premiers chapitres, une étude systématique de l'opération de nullification est menée. Les axiomes de retraits sont transformés en axiomes de nullification. Des caractérisations existantes de règles d’allocation sont revisitées, et des résultats totalement neufs sont présentés. Le troisième chapitre introduit et caractérise une valeur de Shapley proportionnelle, où les dividendes d’Harsanyi sont partagés en proportion des capacités des singletons concernés. Le quatrième chapitre propose une variante multi-dimensionnelle de l’indice de Hirsch. Une caractérisation axiomatique et une application aux classements sportifs sont fournies. / The dissertation provides four contributions on the axiomatic method. The first three chapters deal with cooperative games with transferable utility. In the first two chapters, a systematic study of the nullification operation is done. The removal axioms are translated into their nullified counterparts. Some existing characterizations are revisited, and completely new results are presented. The third chapter introduces and characterizes a proportional Shapley value in which the Harsanyi dividends are shared in proportion to the stand-alone worths of the concerned players. The fourth chapter proposes a multi-dimensional variant of the Hirsch index. An axiomatic characterization and an application to sports rankings are provided.
83

Scientometrické hodnocení vědy se zaměřením na Českou republiku / Scientometric research evaluation with focus on the Czech Republic

Troupová, Alžběta January 2011 (has links)
(in English) The master thesis is focused on the scientometric methods of research and development evaluation and their use in particular system applied in the Czech Republic. Its introductory part presents the field of scientometrics, scientometric and bibliometric indicators and citation indices. Chapter 7 deals with research and development evaluation in Czech Republic, especially with Research Evaluation Guidelines and describes its assesment rules, results and changes due to its annual actualization. A battle of wills between the Guidelines supporters and opponents is the topic of chapter 8, in particular in the context of reallocation of institutional funding according to the Guidelines. Ideas and opinions of prominent scientists and policymakers are being presented followed by brief treatise on Czech system of research and development evaluation audit carried out by the company Technopolis Limited. In the conclusion the author summarizes and debates positives and negatives of the Czech system of science evaluation.
84

Hodnocení vědy a výzkumu na Ústavu vědeckých informací 1. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy v Praze / Evaluation of Science and Research at Institute of Scientific Information of 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague

Christelová, Alžběta January 2011 (has links)
The thesis focuses on the evaluation of Research and Development in the Czech Republic. The introductory part of thesis highlights the recency of the topic and describes the quantitative and qualitative methods of assessing outlets of science. The second part of the thesis discusses in detail the evaluation of science in the Czech Republic; the legislative framework and the evaluation of Research and Development are mentioned. The third chapter shows the evaluation of institutional Research and Development and uses the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague as an example. The core of the thesis is the fourth chapter with an analysis of selected primary scientometric data. The final part summarizes the entire topic and highlights some problem areas [Author's abstract].
85

Production et usage de la littérature en libre accès : une comparaison internationale

Simard, Marc-André 10 1900 (has links)
Le libre accès est un processus qui vise à rendre les résultats de recherche disponibles gratuitement en ligne, permettant de lire, télécharger, copier, distribuer, imprimer, rechercher ou partager leur contenu, sans barrière légale ou technique. Le mouvement a récemment gagné de l’ampleur avec l’implémentation de politiques de libre accès par les organismes subventionnaires et le développement de plateformes facilitant la diffusion de la science telles que l’Open Journal System, Érudit et SciELO. Actuellement, des études estiment que près de la moitié des articles scientifiques sont disponibles en ligne gratuitement. À ce jour, plusieurs aspects du libre accès ont été abordés dans la littérature scientifique tels que la disponibilité des articles, l’avantage en termes de citations des articles en libre accès et les effets des politiques de libre accès. Cependant, peu de chercheurs ont abordé l’utilisation du libre accès à l’échelle mondiale. L’objectif de ce mémoire de maîtrise est de fournir un portrait à jour de l’adoption du libre accès à l’échelle globale selon deux indicateurs, soit le nombre de publications en libre accès et le nombre de références faites aux articles en libre accès. Nos résultats montrent que les pays pauvres publient et utilisent davantage la recherche en libre accès que les autres pays, tandis que les pays ayant un revenu intermédiaire de la classe supérieure se comportent d’une façon semblable aux pays riches. Ces résultats démontrent l’importance des initiatives pour la promotion du libre accès à l’échelle locale, nationale et internationale, particulièrement pour les pays de la classe de revenu intermédiaire où les infrastructures et le nombre de mandats de libre accès sont limités. / Open Access (OA) is a process that aims to make research output freely available on the public internet, allowing the users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search or link to the full text without any financial, legal or technical barrier. OA has often been suggested as a potential solution to several problems related to the scientific publishing industry: a minority of for profit editors accounting for half of the entire publishing industry, important budget cuts and rising subscription prices in academic libraries, and access to knowledge in lower-income countries. The OA movement originated from the growing demand to make research more accessible worldwide. It has been gaining a lot of momentum, with the implementation of several OA policies by funding institutions and the development of several new platforms (e.g., Open Journal System, African Journals Online, SciELO, and Érudit) that facilitate the publication of OA content at low cost. Studies have shown that between 20% and 50% of research articles are currently available online at no cost, but only a few have compared the use of OA literature at the country level and from a worldwide perspective. Along these lines, this master’s thesis aims to provide a global picture of the current state of OA adoption by countries, using two indicators: publications in OA and references to articles in OA. We find that, on average, low-income countries are publishing and citing OA at the highest rate, while upper-middle income countries and higher income countries publish and cite OA articles at below world-average rates. These results highlight national differences in OA uptake and suggest that more OA initiatives at the institutional, national and international levels are needed to support a wider adoption of open scholarship.
86

Scientometric study of patent literature in MEDLINE & SCI

Biglu, Mohammad Hossein 28 February 2008 (has links)
Die Studie wird in fünf Teile unterteilt: Das erste Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit Patentanmeldungen und geförderten Patenten im USPTO, WIPO, und EPO. In diesem Kapitel wird die Korrelation zwischen dem BIP und der länderspezifischen Patentanzahl analysiert. Das zweite Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über die Literatur über Patente in MEDLINE. In diesem Kapitel wird eine szientometrische Analyse durchgeführt, damit die Entwicklung der Patentliteratur in MEDLINE über den Zeitraum von 1965 bis 2005 quantitativ gemessen werden kann. Das dritte Kapitel befasst sich mit der Literatur über Patente im SCI. In diesem Kapitel werden alle Dokumente, die vom SCI über den Zeitraum 1965 bis 2005 als “Patents“ indexiert wurden, unter die Lupe genommen. Das vierte Kapitel analysiert die Patenten, die im SCI zitiert werden. Das fünfte Kapitel analysiert die Anzahl der Literaturhinweise (Referenzen) pro Veröffentlichung im SCI über den Zeitraum 1970-2005. In diesem Hinblick wurde eine Gesamtzahl von 10,000 Dokumenten pro Jahr ausgesucht sowie der Bedeutungswert von Nennungen pro Zeitschrift berechnet. Die Analyse der Daten ergab: Die USA sind das führende Land bezüglich der Erstellung und der Zulassung von Patenten, gleichermaßen gefolgt von Japan und Deutschland. Die Halbwertszeit der Zitierung von Patenten beträgt seit 1994 konstant 8,1 Jahre. Das ist eine 41% längere Zitierungsrate gegenüber den allgemeinen wissenschaftlichen Dokumenten im SCI. Es gibt eine lineare Korrelation zwischen der Zahl von Literaturhinweisen (Referenzen) in einem Journal, wie sie im SCI erfasst sind, und der Wahrscheinlichkeit zitiert zu werden. Die Anzahl der Literaturhinweise (Referenzen) pro Veröffentlichung zwischen 1970 und 2005 im SCI ist ständig angestiegen. Die Selbstzitation von Zeitschriften bei einer steigenden Zahl von Verweisen beeinflusst die Steigerung des Impact Factor im SCI. Die Leitartikelpolitik der Sprachen wurde in der MEDLINE und im SCI geändert. / This study is divided into five sections. The first section consists of patent applications and granted patents issued by USPTO, WIPO), and EPO. In this section the relationship between the GDP and country’s patent quantity is analysed. The second section analysis the patent literature in MEDLINE. In this section a scientometric analysis is performed to assess the quantitative trend of patent literature in MEDLINE throughout 1965-2005. The third section analysis the patent literature in the SCI. In this section all documents indexed as a topic of “patents” in the SCI throughout 1965-2005 are analysed. The fourth section analysis the citations to the patent documents indexed in the SCI, and illustrate the average number of cited references per paper for patent citing documents. The fifth section analysis the references per paper in the SCI through 1970-2005. The Analyses of data showed: The USA is the leading country filing and granting patents followed by Japan and Germany respectively. The half-life of citations to the patent-documents is 41% higher than the half-life of citations to the general scientific documents in the SCI. The number of references per paper from 1970 to 2005 has steadily increased. The rough constant percentage of self-citation of journals and the growing increase of references per paper led to the absolute growing number of self-citations and to the increase of the Impact Factor of the citing journals in the SCI. The editorial policy of languages is being changed in MEDLINE and in the SCI. The consideration of policy makers in these databases have been focused on the literature of science in English. There was a tendency in the last decades towards collaboration in scientific publishing with American authors that can be observed in the SCI with authors from different countries.
87

Impacto de las políticas brasileñas de ciencia y tecnología en la actividad investigadora de las universidades federales: un estudio cienciométrico del período 2003-2015. / Impact of Brazilian science and technology policies on the research activity of federal universities: a scientiometric study from 2003-2015. / Impacto das políticas brasileiras de ciência e tecnologia na atividade investigativa das universidades federais: um estudo cienciométrico do período 2003-2015.

Souza, Cláudia Daniele de January 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Cláudia Daniele de Souza (csouza@bib.uc3m.es) on 2018-11-23T13:51:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 UC3M_Tesis doctoral - Claudia Daniele de Souza.pdf: 4747761 bytes, checksum: 8bb97c18a01bab2aaa6822ab0a3ce9ba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucas Paganine (lucaspaganine@ibict.br) on 2019-01-10T17:22:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 UC3M_Tesis doctoral - Claudia Daniele de Souza.pdf: 4747761 bytes, checksum: 8bb97c18a01bab2aaa6822ab0a3ce9ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-10T17:22:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 UC3M_Tesis doctoral - Claudia Daniele de Souza.pdf: 4747761 bytes, checksum: 8bb97c18a01bab2aaa6822ab0a3ce9ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil tornou-se um país que, apesar de suas deficiências, conseguiu avançar e fazer uso de seus recursos para expandir e aumentar sua presença na esfera internacional. Dada sua dimensão geográfica, população e peso da sua economia, esse país desempenha um papel fundamental, especialmente na região sul-americana. Desde que foi considerado parte do grupo BRICS de países emergentes, vários quadros teóricos já surgiram para explicar esse fenômeno. Foram longos anos de definição de programas e estratégias voltadas para a transformação do país de modo que, atualmente, é possível dizer que conseguiu-se capturar e reter o interesse da comunidade internacional. O delineamento de suas políticas públicas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação tem influenciado, sobretudo, a promoção da pesquisa científica, o desenvolvimento tecnológico e os processos de democratização do acesso e internacionalização da educação superior brasileira. Nesse contexto, a presente tese de doutorado apresenta-se como um estudo cientométrico cujo objetivo é analisar o impacto de três dessas políticas públicas (Programa de Apoio aos Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais, Programa Ciência sem Fronteiras e Lei de Inovação Tecnológica de 2004) na atividade de pesquisa do sistema universitário brasileiro, entre os anos 2003-2015. Por se tratar de um sistema heterogêneo, diversificado e segmentado, detalha-se no caso das 63 universidades federais. Para desenvolver o estudo, as políticas mencionadas foram analisadas para identificar seus objetivos e definir seus pontos comuns. Em seguida, elaborou-se um quadro analítico que permitiu delimitar três dimensões da atividade científica: CRESCIMENTO, QUALIDADE e INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO. Para operacionalização, construiu-se uma matriz de indicadores de entradas (inputs) e saídas (outputs). Utilizando fontes de informação oficiais e bases de dados bibliográficas, em cada uma das dimensões abordadas, as variáveis mais relevantes foram identificadas por meio de testes estatísticos descritivos e multivariados. Embora a principal contribuição desta tese seja o desenvolvimento conceitual e metodológico, os resultados permitem observar que o crescimento e a intensidade da atividade das universidades federais, no período estudado, tem sido exponencial (em termos de número de alunos , bolsas de pesquisa, corpo docente, novas instituições criadas), bem como sua produção científica e tecnológica (publicações e patentes). Quanto à qualidade, observou-se que está crescendo, especialmente em quanto à formação de recursos humanos, mas não tanto na produção cientifica. Por outro lado, o notável impulso à internacionalização também teve resultados positivos em diferentes aspectos, como na colaboração científica com centros estrangeiros. Esses resultados mostram que o Brasil, e especialmente as universidades federais, fizeram um esforço importante para melhorar e atualizar o sistema universitário que está começando a dar frutos. Em conclusão, ressalta-se que a expansão do sistema universitário brasileiro e sua entrada na comunidade internacional já ocorreram, mas ainda faltam dar alguns passos no sentido de melhorar a qualidade. / En las últimas décadas Brasil se ha convertido en un país que a pesar de sus carencias supo salir adelante y hacer uso de sus recursos para expandirse y acrecentar su presencia en la esfera internacional. Por su dimensión geográfica, población y el peso de su economía, juega un papel fundamental especialmente en la región de América del Sur. Desde que se considera parte del grupo de países BRICS al ser una potencia emergente, ya se han ofrecido diversos marcos teóricos que buscan explicar este fenómeno. Han sido largos años de definición de programas y estrategias orientadas a transformar el país, para que hoy en día sea posible decir que ha logrado captar y retener el interés de la comunidad internacional. El delineamiento de sus políticas públicas para la ciencia, tecnología e innovación han influido sobre todo en la promoción de la investigación científica, en el desarrollo tecnológico y en los procesos de democratización de acceso y de internacionalización de la educación superior brasileña. En este contexto, la presente tesis doctoral se presenta como un estudio cienciométrico cuyo objetivo es analizar el impacto de tres de estas políticas públicas (Programa de Apoyo a los Planes de Reestructuración y Expansión de las universidades Federales, Programa Ciencia sin Fronteras y la Ley de la Innovación Tecnológica de 2004) en la actividad investigadora del sistema universitario brasileño, entre los años 2003-2015. Por ser un sistema heterogéneo, diversificado y segmentado, se profundiza en el caso de las 63 universidades federales. Para desarrollar el estudio se han analizado las políticas mencionadas para identificar sus objetivos y definir sus puntos comunes. Seguidamente se ha elaborado un marco analítico que permitió delimitar tres dimensiones: CRECIMIENTO, CALIDAD e INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN de la actividad científica, para cuya operacionalización se ha construido una matriz de indicadores de inputs y de outputs. Utilizando fuentes de información oficiales y bases de datos bibliográficas, en cada una de las dimensiones abordadas se han identificado las variables más relevantes utilizando test estadísticos descriptivos y multivariantes. Si bien el mayor aporte de la presente tesis es el desarrollo conceptual y metodológico, los resultados obtenidos permiten observar que el crecimiento y la intensidad de la actividad de las universidades federales, durante el período estudiado, ha sido exponencial (en términos de número de alumnos, becas de investigación, profesorado, instituciones creadas), al igual que su producción científica y tecnológica (publicaciones y patentes). En cuanto a la calidad, esta es creciente especialmente en la formación de recursos humanos pero no tanto en su producción. Por su parte, el notable impulso a la internacionalización, también ha tenido resultados positivos en diferentes aspectos como la colaboración científica junto a centros extranjeros. Estos resultados evidencian que Brasil, y especialmente las universidades federales, han hecho un esfuerzo importante en pos de la mejora y actualización del sistema universitario que está empezando a dar sus frutos. Como conclusiones se puede apreciar que la expansión del sistema universitario brasileño y su entrada en la comunidad internacional ya se han producido, pero queda aún por dar un paso más hacia la mejora de la calidad.
88

Measures of University Research Output

Zharova, Alona 14 February 2018 (has links)
New Public Management unterstützt Universitäten und Forschungseinrichtungen dabei, in einem stark wettbewerbsorientierten Forschungsumfeld zu bestehen. Entscheidungen unter Unsicherheit, z.B. die Verteilung von Mitteln für den Forschungsbedarf und Forschungszwecke, erfordert von Politik und Hochschulmanagement, die Beziehungen zwischen den Dimensionen der Forschungsleistung und den resultierenden oder eingehenden Zuschüssen zu verstehen. Hierfür ist es wichtig, die Variablen der wissenschaftlichen Wissensproduktion auf der Ebene von Individuen, Forschungsgruppen und Universitäten zu untersuchen. Das Kapitel 2 dieser Arbeit analysiert die Ebene der Individuen. Es verwendet die Beobachtungen der Forscherprofile von Handelsblatt (HB), Research Papers in Economics (RePEc, hier RP) und Google Scholar (GS) als meist verbreitete Ranking-Systeme in BWL und VWL im deutschsprachigen Raum. Das Kapitel 3 liefert eine empirische Evidenz für die Ebene von Forschungsgruppen und verwendet die Daten eines Sonderforschungsbereichs (SFB) zu Finanzinputs und Forschungsoutput von 2005 bis 2016. Das Kapitel beginnt mit der Beschreibung passender Performanzindikatoren, gefolgt von einer innovativen visuellen Datenanalyse. Im Hauptteil des Kapitels untersucht die Arbeit mit Hilfe eines Zeit-Fixed-Effects-Panel- Modells und eines Fixed-Effects-Poisson-Modells den Zusammenhang zwischen finanziellen Inputs und Forschungsoutputs. Das Kapitel 4 beschäftigt sich mit dem Niveau der Universitäten und untersucht die Interdependenzstruktur zwischen Drittmittelausgaben, Publikationen, Zitationen und akademischem Alter mit Hilfe eines PVARX-Modells, einer Impulsantwort und einer Zerlegung der Prognosefehlervarianz. Abschließend befasst sich das Kapitel mit den möglichen Implikationen für Politik und Entscheidungsfindung und schlägt Empfehlungen für das universitäre Forschungsmanagement vor. / New Public Management helps universities and research institutions to perform in a highly competitive research environment. Decision making in the face of uncertainty, for example distribution of funds for research needs and purposes, urges research policy makers and university managers to understand the relationships between the dimensions of research performance and the resulting or incoming grants. Thus, it is important to accurately reflect the variables of scientific knowledge production on the level of individuals, research groups and universities. Chapter 2 of this thesis introduces an analysis on the level of individuals. The data are taken from the three widely-used ranking systems in the economic and business sciences among German-speaking countries: Handelsblatt (HB), Research Papers in Economics (RePEc, here RP) and Google Scholar (GS). It proposes a framework for collating ranking data for comparison purposes. Chapter 3 provides empirical evidence on the level of research groups using data from a Collaborative Research Center (CRC) on financial inputs and research output from 2005 to 2016. First, suitable performance indicators are discussed. Second, main properties of the data are described using visualization techniques. Finally, the time fixed effects panel data model and the fixed effects Poisson model are used to analyze an interdependency between financial inputs and research outputs. Chapter 4 examines the interdependence structure between third-party expenses (TPE), publications, citations and academic age using university data on individual performance in different scientific areas. A panel vector autoregressive model with exogenous variables (PVARX), impulse response functions and a forecast error variance decomposition help to capture the relationships in the system. To summarize, the chapter addresses the possible implications for policy and decision making and proposes recommendations for university research management.
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Institucionaliza??o da ci?ncia da informa??o no Brasil: estudo da converg?ncia entre a produ??o cient?fica e os marcos regulat?rios da ?rea

Eliel, Regiane Alc?ntara 28 February 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:36:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regiane Alcantara Eliel.pdf: 595798 bytes, checksum: 7ebc0062afda8a4dc7c01f2084088b05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / The objective of this present study is to show the development and the institutionalization of Information Science in Brazil, analyzing the degree of convergence between the scientific production - materialized in thesis and dissertations and landmarks (Documento de ?rea da CAPES e Grupos Tem?ticos da ANCIB). The research inserts in the science social studies field, giving an exploratory characteristic at the research. Its empirical object is constituted of references data of theses and dissertations of information science, analyzed by means of scientometric methods. They had been privileged about the theoretical reference, of a side, arguments about the Information Science including its genesis, evolution and relation with the Librarianship and Documentation, its paradigms, its connections interdisciplinary and performance while postmodern science; on the other side, landmarks: documents of the CAPES and the Work groups of the National research Association and Post-Graduation in Science of the information. Finally, over the analysis of the graphical representation that the theses and dissertation present partial convergence with landmarks and that the science of the information needs to surpass some challenges such as to diminish the high number of studies directed for the practice and to guarantee the production of theoretical and conceptual research, in detriment of the research that aim to put resolution of concrete and located problems; and to define the object of study of the area, avoiding it thematic dispersion and, moreover, guarantee greater index of growth of the Post- Graduation programs, mainly in relation to the courses of doctorate to guarantee its effective social and cognition institutionalization. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o desenvolvimento e a institucionaliza??o da Ci?ncia da Informa??o no Brasil, analisando o grau de converg?ncia entre a produ??o cient?fica - materializada em teses e disserta??es - e os marcos regulat?rios da ?rea (Documento de ?rea da CAPES e Grupos Tem?ticos da ANCIB). A pesquisa insere-se no campo dos estudos sociais da ci?ncia, caracterizando-se como uma pesquisa explorat?ria. Seu objeto emp?rico ? constitu?do de dados referenciais de teses e disserta??es da Ci?ncia da Informa??o, analisados por meio de m?todos cientom?tricos. Foram privilegiados quanto ao referencial te?rico, de um lado, as discuss?es sobre a Ci?ncia da Informa??o - abarcando sua g?nese, evolu??o e rela??o com a Biblioteconomia e a Documenta??o, seus paradigmas, suas conex?es interdisciplinares e atua??o enquanto ci?ncia p?s-moderna; e, de outro lado, os marcos regulat?rios da ?rea: documento de ?rea da CAPES e Grupos de Trabalho da Associa??o Nacional de Pesquisa e P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia da Informa??o. Conclui-se, por fim, atrav?s da an?lise das representa??es gr?ficas, que as teses e disserta??es apresentam converg?ncia parcial com os marcos regulat?rios da ?rea e que a Ci?ncia da Informa??o precisa superar alguns desafios, tais como o de diminuir o elevado n?mero de estudos direcionados para a pr?tica; o de garantir a produ??o de pesquisas te?ricas e conceituais, em detrimento das pesquisas que visam ? resolu??o de problemas concretos e localizados; e o de definir o objeto de estudo da ?rea, evitando-se a dispers?o tem?tica existente e, al?m disso, garantir maior ?ndice de crescimento dos programas de P?s-gradua??o, principalmente em rela??o aos cursos de doutorado para, ent?o, garantir sua institucionaliza??o social e cognitiva efetiva.
90

Three Essays on the Consequences of Transparency

Witter, Tobias 01 September 2023 (has links)
This dissertation comprises three essays which empirically investigate consequences of transparency. The first essay investigates how transparency, demanded by the government as a customer of firms, affects firms’ financial reporting. It provides evidence that, relative to firms without government customers, government suppliers have a higher quality of financial reporting. Findings indicate that government procurement requirements, which are linked to internal control over financial reporting, can positively affect the external information environment of firms. The second essay examines how managers react to a stricter transparency mandate in pension accounting, if this mandate increases the expected volatility of balance sheet items. Managers of affected firms change decisions on pension plans which mitigate volatility and in addition, affected firms exhibit less volatile accruals but more volatile discretionary real actions suggesting managers reduce volatility in balance sheets. Findings imply that a transparency mandate in pension accounting may have (unintended) consequences for managerial decision-making if the mandate reveals more economic volatility on balance sheets. The third essay studies how (data-transparently) researchers visualize their quantitative findings and how this affects the impact of academic work. It finds that, compared to articles in field-specific economics journals, articles in economics journals with a broader audience use more figures than tables and that articles visualizing (data-transparently) with figures receive more citations. An online experiment, which manipulates how a fictive study visualizes scientific results, finds that participants assess the internal validity of research as being higher and are more willing to cite research if it visualizes results data-transparently. The findings imply that (data-transparent) visualization can enhance the impact of academic work. / Die Dissertation besteht aus drei Aufsätzen, die die Auswirkungen von Transparenz untersuchen. Im ersten Aufsatz wird analysiert, wie sich die von einer Regierung im Rahmen der öffentlichen Auftragsvergabe geforderte Unternehmenstransparenz auf die Finanzberichterstattung von Unternehmen auswirkt. Lieferanten der Regierung weisen eine höhere Qualität der Finanzberichterstattung auf als Vergleichsunternehmen. Der zweite Aufsatz untersucht, wie Manager auf strengere Transparenzanforderungen in der Pensionsbilanzierung reagieren, wenn diese die Bilanzvolatilität erhöhen. Die Manager nehmen Bilanzanpassungen vor, die die Volatilität reduzieren, was auf eine beabsichtigte Bilanzglättung hindeutet. Der dritte Aufsatz untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen der Visualisierung von quantitativen Forschungsergebnissen in wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften und dem Einfluss akademischer Forschung. Economics-Journals verwenden mehr Abbildungen als Business-Journals, was Zitationen zu fördern scheint. Experimentelle Evidenz zeigt weiterhin, dass datentransparente Visualisierungen den Einfluss akademischer Forschung positiv beeinflussen können, dass dies aber auch stark disziplinabhängig ist.

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