Objective: To assess whether the prevalence of low physical activity levels and time spent watching TV differ depending on glycemia status. Methods: A secondary analysis using data from a population-based study was conducted. Two were the outcomes: physical activity levels, derived from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and sitting time watching TV. The exposure was glycemia status, defined based on results of the oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT): euglycemia, dysglycemia, and T2DM. The T2DM group was further split into: aware and unaware of T2DM diagnosis. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CI were reported using Poisson regression models. Results: Data of 1607 individuals, mean age 48.2 (SD: 10.6) years, 809 (50.3%) females, were analyzed. Dysglycemia and T2DM was present in 16.9% (95% CI: 15.1%–18.8%) and 11.0% (95% CI: 9.5%–12.6%) of participants, respectively. A total of 605 (37.6%; 95% CI: 35.2%–39.9%) participants had low levels of physical activity and 1019 (63.3%; 95% CI: 60.9%–65.7%) subjects spent ≥2 h per day sitting watching TV. In multivariable model, there was no significant association between glycemia status and physical activity levels (PR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.95–1.36). Similar result was found between glycemia status and sitting time watching TV. However, those aware of T2DM diagnosis were more likely to have low levels of physical activity (PR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.06–1.61) compared to the euglycemia group. Conclusions: We found a no relationship between glycemia status and physical activity level or sitting time watching TV, pointing out similar levels of physical (in)activity among those with euglycemia, dysglycemia and T2DM. Individuals aware of having T2DM were 30% more likely to have low physical activity levels compared to the euglycemic group. There is a need to increase physical activity levels among T2DM individuals. / Revisión por pares

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la periodontitis y el sedentarismo en adultos de los Estados Unidos entre los años 2013-2014. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico, observacional, transversal y retrospectivo, se utilizó la información de 3333 adultos de 30 a 78 años, de la encuesta Nacional de Examen de Salud y Nutrición NHANES 2013-2014 de los Estados Unidos. Se evaluó la periodontitis como presencia y ausencia y el sedentarismo se compuso de horas en la televisión, horas en la computadora y horas de actividad sedentaria. Asimismo, como variables intervinientes se tuvo género, edad, nivel educativo, ingreso, condiciones médicas, medidas de prevención, diabetes, discapacidad, visita al dentista, consulta odontológica, salud bucal, nutrición, consumo de tabaco, seguro de salud. Se obtuvieron estadísticas descriptivas de las variables mencionadas. Se analizó la comparación de la periodontitis con las covariables mediante las pruebas Chi Cuadrado y T-student. Asimismo, se realizó un análisis multivariado mediante la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta, donde se calcularon las razones de prevalencia. Además se incluyeron los intervalos de confianza (IC 95%). Resultados: Se encontró una asociación entre la variable periodontitis y el sedentarismo, en la dimensión horas en la computadora (RP=1.57 I.C. = 1.23 -2.02, RP: 1.56, 95% IC 1.24-1.96) y horas en la televisión (RP=1.62 I.C. = 1.27 -2.06, RP: 1.58, 95% IC 1.27-1.98). Se encontró que aquellos adultos de 30 a 78 años de edad, que pasan menos de 2 horas en la computadora (RP=1.57 I.C. = 1.23 -2.02), más de 2 horas; pero menos de 4 horas (RP=1.56 I.C. = 1.24 -1.96), tienen mayores probabilidades de presentar periodontitis. Asimismo, las personas que pasan menos de 2 horas en la televisión (RP=1.62 I.C. = 1.27 -2.06) y más de 2 horas; pero menos de 4 horas (RP=1.58 I.C. = 1.27 -1.98), también tienen probabilidades de presentar periodontitis. Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre la periodontitis y el sedentarismo en la dimensión horas en la computadora y horas en la televisión. / Objective: To determine the association between periodontitis and sedentary lifestyle in adults in the United States between the years 2013-2014. Materials and Methods: Analytical, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, retrospective study, data from 3333 adults aged 30 to 78 years, from the 2013-2014 NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the United States were used. Periodontitis was assessed as presence and absence and sedentary lifestyle was composed of hours on TV, hours on the computer, and hours of sedentary activity. Likewise, intervening variables were gender, age, educational level, income, medical conditions, preventive measures, diabetes, disability, dental visit, dental consultation, oral health, nutrition, tobacco use, health insurance. Descriptive statistics were obtained for the variables mentioned. Comparison of periodontitis with the covariates was analyzed using Chi-square and T-student tests. Likewise, a multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust variance, where prevalence ratios were calculated. Confidence intervals (95% CI) were also included. Results: An association was found between the variable periodontitis and sedentary lifestyle, in the dimension hours on the computer (PR=1.57 C.I. = 1.23 -2.02, PR: 1.56, 95% CI 1.24-1.96) and hours on television (PR=1.62 C.I. = 1.27 -2.06, PR: 1.58, 95% CI 1.27-1.98). It was found that those adults 30 to 78 years of age, who spend less than 2 hours on the computer (PR=1.57 C.I. = 1.23 -2.02), more than 2 hours; but less than 4 hours (PR=1.56 C.I. = 1.24 -1.96), are more likely to present periodontitis. Likewise, people who spend less than 2 hours on television (PR=1.62 C.I. = 1.27 -2.06) and more than 2 hours; but less than 4 hours (PR=1.58 C.I. = 1.27 -1.98), are also likely to present periodontitis. Conclusions: There is an association between periodontitis and sedentary lifestyle in the dimension of hours on the computer and hours on the television. / Tesis

This research project intended to explore the possible relationship between physical activity and academic achievement in college students. Using an anonymous online survey, data was collected over two semesters. Ten thousand currently-enrolled college students ages eighteen and older from all states and recognized territories of the United States participated. The survey gathered data concerning a student’s age, gender, race, body weight, height, geographic region of college attendance, cumulative GPA, and physical activity level. The FIT Index of Kasari was used to classify each student’s physical activity level. A quintile split by FIT score was conducted to determine if physically active students were more successful academically than their inactive peers. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent sample t-Test, and descriptive analysis were conducted on data pertaining to secondary research questions regarding FIT scores of students in each geographical region of college attendance, gender and race. The research found no statistically significant correlation existed between academic achievement and physical activity in college students. It found that students with very low and very high physical activity levels had lower academic achievement scores than students reporting moderate physical activity. There were significant differences in FIT scores of students in the northwest, but not among students in the southwest, northeast, or southeast. Significant differences in FIT scores were found to exist between males and females and between white and non-white college students. The research found a number of significant differences between groups within the quintile split of FIT score data regarding the primary research question.

Introdução: Comportamentos alimentares inadequados, inatividade física e maior tempo despendido na frente da televisão e/ou computadores são frequentes entre adolescentes e aumentam o risco para o ganho de peso. Destaca-se a importância em abordar adolescentes com estratégias de intervenção para a promoção da saúde. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da intervenção sobre o estado nutricional, ingestão dietética, atividade física e comportamentos sedentários de lazer. Métodos: É um ensaio comunitário randomizado controlado com adolescentes do sexo feminino, matriculadas em 10 escolas técnicas públicas da cidade de São Paulo. O estudo está registrado na plataforma ClinicalTrials.gov e segue o checklist do CONSORT. A intervenção foi adaptada do estudo NEAT Girls em referência a Teoria Social Cognitiva e teve duração de seis meses. Foram avaliados o peso, a estatura e a circunferência da cintura, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e IMC z-score. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado com o questionário de frequência alimentar validado. A atividade física pelo questionário que avalia os três níveis de atividade física de lazer e os comportamentos sedentários de lazer por um questionário auto-relatado. Foi realizada estatística descritiva dos dados, os testes do qui-quadrado, t-student independe e o modelo linear misto para as análises dos dados com nível alpha de significância de 5 por cento . Todas as analises seguiram o princípio de intenção-tratamento. Resultados: Participaram 253 adolescentes (16.05 [EP 0.05] anos), 142 no grupo intervenção e 111 no grupo controle. Após os seis meses da intervenção, houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes a favor do grupo intervenção para o indicador da circunferência da cintura (-1.09cm; [0.51], p=0.027); consumo do grupo das frutas (0.23porção [0.11], p=0.006), das verduras e legumes (1.15porção [0.55], p=0.005) e dos açúcares e doces (-0.67porção [0.35], p=0.0.036); tempo despendido na frente dos computadores durante a semana (-0.39horas [0.21], p=0.039) e aos finais de semana (-0.54horas [0.22], p=0.030) e a soma de todas as atividades de tela durante o final de semana (-0.79horas [0.32], p=0.007). As diferenças proporcionais entre os níveis de atividade física leve (x2=20.95 p=0.007) e vigorosa (x2=8.09, p=0.017) favoreceram as meninas da intervenção. No geral, as meninas ficaram satisfeitas com o programa e o workshop de nutrição foi o componente que elas mais gostaram. Conclusão: O Hábitos Saudáveis, Meninas Saudáveis Brasil apresentou melhoria para o indicador circunferência da cintura, no consumo das frutas, verduras e legumes, dos doces, tempo despendido na frente dos computadores e na atividade física. / Introduction: Inadequate eating behaviors, physical inactivity and increase time spent on TV and computers are often among adolescents and increase the risk for weight gain. It highlights the importance to target adolescent in intervention strategies to promote health. Objective: evaluate the intervention effect on the nutritional status, dietary intake, physical activity and leisure sedentary behaviors. Methods: It is a group randomized controlled trial with female adolescents attending 10 public schools from São Paulo. The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov and follows the CONSORT checklist. The intervention was adapted from the NEAT Girls study in reference of the Social Cognitive Theory with 6 months duration. It was accessed weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index and body mass index Z-score. The food consumption was evaluated using a food frequency validated questionnaire. Physical activity was evaluated by a questionnaire that assesses the three levels of leisure-time physical activity and leisure sedentary behaviors using a self-reported questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared, student-t and linear mixed models were used to analyze the data with a level of significance of 5 per cent . All analyses followed intention-to-treat principles. Results: Participated 254 adolescents (16.05 [EP 0.05] years), 142 and 111 from intervention and control groups, respectively. After six-month intervention, significant findings favoring intervention group were found for the waist circumference indicator (- 1.09cm; [0.51], p=0.027), fruits (0.23serving [0.11], p=0.006), vegetables (1.15serving [0.55], p=0.005), sweets (-0.67serving [0.35], p=0.0.036), time spent on computers during the weekdays (-0.39hours [0.21], p=0.039) and weekends (-0.54hours [0.22], p=0.030) and sum of the screen activities on the weekends (-0.79hours [0.32], p=0.007). Proportional differences in light (x2=20.95 p=0.007) and vigorous (x2=8.09, p=0.017) physical activity significantly favored the interventions girls. In general, girls were satisfied with the program and the nutrition workshop was the component most enjoyable. Conclusion: The Healthy Habits, Healthy Girls Brazil demonstrated an improvement on waist circumference indicator, fruit and vegetables, sweets, time spent on computers and physical activity levels.

Submitted by Suzana Dias (suzana.dias@famerp.br) on 2018-11-05T14:52:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SabrinaLiberatore_dissert.pdf: 576438 bytes, checksum: 784a87c03c876bd0617bd075a625192c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T14:52:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SabrinaLiberatore_dissert.pdf: 576438 bytes, checksum: 784a87c03c876bd0617bd075a625192c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease that involves psychological, genetic and environmental issues. Studies have been conducted to analyze the psychological profile of the patient who will undergo bariatric surgery. Objective: To characterize obesity patients, candidates for bariatric surgery and to identify lifestyle and the presence of symptoms of anxiety, depression and binge eating. Method: A retrospective study was carried out based on data from patients' charts in a private clinic in the interior of São Paulo, who were candidates for bariatric surgery, evaluated by psychology between January 2010 and December 2015. The psychological evaluation included a data questionnaire (BMI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Periodic Feed Compulsion Scale (ECAP). Results: 188 medical records were analyzed. Age ranged from 16 to 65 years (mean 34.7; SD: 11.3), 73% (n = 137) were female, 48.4% (n = 91) were married, and BMI ranged from 30 to 67 (mean 42.8; dp: 6.5). The BAI results indicated that 53% (n = 100) had minimal anxiety symptoms; of BDI that 52% (n = 97) presented symptoms of mild to severe depression; and ECAP, that 26% (n = 50) presented binge eating. Conclusion: Most of the patients were female, sedentary, young adults, with a history of family obesity and childhood obesity onset. Arterial Hypertension was the most common comorbidity among participants. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were present as well as binge eating. / Obesidade é uma doença crônica, multifatorial, que envolve questões psicológicas, genéticas e ambientais. Estudos têm sido realizados para analisar o perfil psicológico do paciente que será submetido à cirurgia bariátrica. Objetivo: Caracterizar pacientes com obesidade, candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica e identificar estilo de vida e a presença de sintomas de ansiedade, de depressão e de compulsão alimentar. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado com base em dados de prontuários de pacientes em uma clínica particular do interior de São Paulo, candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica, avaliados pela psicologia, entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2015. A avaliação psicológica incluiu um questionário de dados pessoais, o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) fornecido pelo médico, o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) e a Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica (ECAP). Resultados: Foram analisados 188 prontuários. A idade variou de 16 a 65 anos (média 34,7; dp: 11,3), 73% (n=137) eram do sexo feminino, 48,4% (n=91) eram casados, e o IMC variou de 30 a 67 (média 42,8; dp: 6,5). Os resultados do BAI indicaram que 53% (n=100) tinham sintomas mínimos de ansiedade; do BDI que 52% (n=97) apresentaram sintomas de depressão de leve a severo; e do ECAP, que 26% (n=50) apresentaram compulsão alimentar. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino, sedentários, adultos jovens, com história de obesidade familiar e início da obesidade na infância. Hipertensão Arterial foi a comorbidade mais encontrada entre os participantes. Sintomas de ansiedade e depressão estiveram presentes, bem como compulsão alimentar.

Submitted by Suzana Dias (suzana.dias@famerp.br) on 2018-11-05T16:33:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ThaísPillottoDuarteCaldeira_dissert.pdf: 2957553 bytes, checksum: 4c58bb456867fe20a07526668f7b5548 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T16:33:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThaísPillottoDuarteCaldeira_dissert.pdf: 2957553 bytes, checksum: 4c58bb456867fe20a07526668f7b5548 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / The frequency of bariatric surgeries has increased significantly in recent years. However, despite the efficacy of the surgical treatment, some individuals present weight gain relapse. Objectives: To identify the variables associated with weight regain in patients undergoing bariatric surgery; assess the impact of weight on quality of life; evaluate perception and satisfaction of body image; evaluate symptoms of anxiety and depression and compare the groups: weight regain versus non-weight regain. Method: This is a descriptive/cross-sectional study. A total of 43 individuals, between 28 and 63 years old, who underwent bariatric surgery due to restrictive surgery (adjustable gastric banding and vertical banded gastroplasty) or predominantly restrictive (Roux-en-y gastric bypass, with or without the containment ring) for at least five years (between 2008 - 2012), participated in the study. The following instruments were used to collect data: Socio-demographic questionnaire; Impact of weight on quality of life Questionnaire (IWQOL-Lite); Silhouetted Figures Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Participants were invited to participate in the study after their medical records were analyzed. They were divided into 2 groups: in group 1, cases in which there was no weight regain (GNRP) and in group 2 cases of weight regain (GRP). Individual meetings were scheduled with each participant, when a new weighing was performed, which served as an indicator to assess whether or not there was weight regain. Results and Conclusions: Out of the total number of participants, it was observed that (31) 72.1% were still obese, (11) 25.6% were overweight, and only (1) 2.3% were eutrophic. Regarding weight regain, (30) 69.8% presented a relapse above 15% of the weight lost. By comparing the two groups it was observed that there is a greater prevalence of sedentary lifestyle in the GRP. Symptoms of depression were found in (4) 13.3% of GRP. We expect that the results of this research may subsidize strategies to help these patients better deal with the problems associated with bariatric surgery. / A frequência da realização de cirurgias bariátricas aumentou bastante nos últimos anos. Entretanto, apesar da eficácia do tratamento cirúrgico, alguns indivíduos apresentam recidiva de aumento de peso. Objetivos: Identificar as variáveis associadas ao reganho de peso em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica; avaliar o impacto do peso na qualidade de vida; avaliar percepção e satisfação da imagem corporal; avaliar sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e comparar os grupos: reganho de peso versus não reganho de peso. Método: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo / transversal. Participaram 43 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 28 e 63 anos que foram submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica por intervenção cirúrgica restritiva (Bandagem gástrica ajustável e Gastroplastia vertical com bandagem) ou predominantemente restritiva (Derivações gástricas em “Y de Roux”, com ou sem anel de contenção) há pelo menos cinco anos (entre 2008 – 2012). Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário sócio demográfico; Questionário Impacto do peso na qualidade de vida (IWQOL-Lite); Escala de Figuras de Silhuetas (EFS) e Escala HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Os participantes foram convidados a participar do estudo após análise dos prontuários e foram divididos em 2 grupos: no grupo 1 foram incluídos os casos em que não houve reganho de peso (GNRP) e no grupo 2 os casos de reganho de peso (GRP). Foram agendados encontros com os participantes, individualmente, data na qual foi realizada nova pesagem, que serviu como indicador para avaliar se houve ou não reganho de peso. Resultados e Conclusões: Do total de participantes, observou-se que (31) 72,1% ainda apresentam obesidade e (11) 25,6% estão com sobrepeso, apenas (1) 2,3% atingiu a eutrofia. Em relação ao reganho de peso, (30) 69,8% apresentaram reganho acima de 15% do peso perdido. Comparando os dois grupos observou-se que há uma maior prevalência de sedentarismo no GRP. Sintomas de depressão foram encontrados em (4) 13,3% do GRP. Espera-se que os resultados da pesquisa possam subsidiar estratégias para auxiliar estes pacientes a melhor enfrentar os problemas associados à cirurgia bariátrica.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / O estudo tem por objetivo revisar o diagnÃstico de enfermagem Estilo de vida sedentÃrio (EVS), fundamentando-se na ideia de que à necessÃrio avaliar esse diagnÃstico em relaÃÃo à adequaÃÃo da definiÃÃo, das caracterÃsticas definidoras (CD) e dos fatores relacionados (FR) nessa populaÃÃo e de que hà outros indicadores clÃnicos pertinentes ao EVS, alÃm dos definidos pela NANDA-I quando o diagnÃstico se aplica a indivÃduos com hipertensÃo arterial. A validaÃÃo do EVS foi realizada em duas etapas: AnÃlise de conceito e ValidaÃÃo por especialista. Para a execuÃÃo da primeira etapa utilizou-se a revisÃo integrativa da literatura a partir de cinco bases de dados (LILACS, CINAHL, PUBMED, SCOPUS E COCHRANE), com as seguintes combinaÃÃes de descritores e equivalentes nas lÃnguas inglesa e espanhola: Estilo de vida sedentÃrio and HipertensÃo e Sedentarismo and HipertensÃo. ApÃs a aplicaÃÃo dos critÃrios de inclusÃo e exclusÃo, restaram 43 estudos que subsidiaram a anÃlise do conceito. ApÃs esta etapa foi construÃdo um instrumento contendo os FR e as CD identificadas, com as respectivas definiÃÃes conceituais e referÃncias empÃricas. Este instrumento foi submetido ao crivo de 48 enfermeiros especialistas em terminologias de enfermagem e/ou sedentarismo e/ou hipertensÃo arterial. O processo de validaÃÃo conduziu aos seguintes resultados: modificaÃÃo da definiÃÃo do EVS, de nomeaÃÃes de alguns indicadores clÃnicos e o acrÃscimo de outros. Desse modo, recomenda-se a seguinte definiÃÃo ao EVS: refere-se a um hÃbito de vida em que o indivÃduo nÃo realiza exercÃcio fÃsico na frequÃncia, na duraÃÃo e na intensidade recomendada. A proposta final do processo de validaÃÃo incorpora onze FR, a saber: âconhecimento deficiente sobre os benefÃcios que a atividade fÃsica traz à saÃde e / ou sobre as consequÃncias do sedentarismoâ; âfalta de motivaÃÃo para a prÃtica do exercÃcio fÃsicoâ; âfalta de interesse em se exercitarâ; âfalta de recursos (tempo, dinheiro, lugar, seguranÃa e equipamento)â; âfalta de treino para fazer exercÃcio fÃsicoâ; âatitudes, crenÃas e hÃbitos de saÃde que dificultam a prÃtica de atividade fÃsicaâ; âfalta de apoio social para a prÃtica de exercÃcio fÃsicoâ; âfalta de confianÃa para prÃtica de exercÃcio fÃsicoâ; âmobilidade prejudicadaâ; âintolerÃncia à atividadeâ; ârelato de dorâ. Os cinco primeiros FR descritos sÃo os que jà compÃem a taxonomia II da NANDA-I, sendo o quinto o Ãnico com a mesma nomeaÃÃo. Com relaÃÃo Ãs CD, recomenda-se: o desmembramento da caracterÃstica presente na NANDA-I âdemonstra falta de condicionamento fÃsicoâ em âcapacidade cardiorrespiratÃria diminuÃdaâ, âforÃa muscular diminuÃdaâ e âflexibilidade das articulaÃÃes diminuÃdaâ; a manutenÃÃo de âescolhe rotina sem exercÃcio fÃsicoâ e âverbaliza preferÃncia por atividades com pouco exercÃcio fÃsicoâ; e o acrÃscimo de âexcesso de pesoâ; âbaixo desempenho nas atividades instrumentais de vida diÃriaâ e ânÃo realiza atividades fÃsicas no tempo de lazerâ. Quanto Ãs definiÃÃes conceituais e Ãs referÃncias empÃricas construÃdas foram, em geral, evidenciadas estatisticamente proporÃÃes de adequaÃÃo entre os especialistas nÃo inferior a 80% (p > 0,05) e valores Ãndice de validade de conteÃdo diagnÃstico superiores a 0,70. O mesmo foi encontrado para os onze FR e para as oito CD. Considera-se que processo de revisÃo subsidiou uma direÃÃo para a eficiÃncia diagnÃstica de indicadores clÃnicos do EVS, contribuindo com o refinamento e o aprimoramento desse diagnÃstico e de seus componentes. à imprescindÃvel à enfermagem apropriar-se desse diagnÃstico em diferentes contextos e que os enfermeiros utilizem suas tecnologias com vistas a incrementar e amplificar o conhecimento e a autonomia prÃpria da profissÃo. / The objective of this study is to validate the nursing diagnosis of sedentary lifestyle (SL) in individuals with hypertension, based on the idea that it is necessary to evaluate this diagnosis in relation to the appropriateness of the definition, the defining characteristics (CD) and the related factors (FR) in this population and that there are other clinical indicators relevant to the SL, in addition to the factors defined by NANDA-I. The validation of the SL was conducted in two stages: concept analysis and validation by expert. To implement the first stage we used the integrative literature review of five databases (LILACS, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane), with the following combinations of descriptors and equivalent in English and Spanish: Sedentary lifestyle & Hypertension and Physical inactivity & Hypertension. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the remaining 43 studies which supported the analysis of the concept. After this stage, an instrument was built containing the FR and identified CD, with their respective conceptual definitions and empirical references. This instrument was subjected to the evaluation of 48 specialist nurses in terminologies of nursing and/or sedentary lifestyle and/or hypertension. The validation process has led to the following results: change of the definition of the SL, definition of some clinical indicators and the addition of others. In this way, it is recommended the following definition to the SL: It refers to a life style in which the individual does not perform physical exercise in frequency, duration nor the recommended intensity. The final proposal of the validation process incorporates eleven FR,: " defective knowledge on the benefits that the physical activity brings to the health and / or on the consequences of the sedentary life style â; â lack of motivation for practicing physical exercise â; â lack of interest in exercising â; â lack of resources (time, money, place, security and equipment) â; â lack of training to perform physical exercise â; â attitudes, beliefs and habits of health that make difficult the practice of physical activity â; â lack of social support for the practice of physical exercise â; â lack of confidence for practice of physical exercise â; â damaged mobility â; â intolerance to the activity â; â report of pain â. The first five described FR are those who already compose the taxonomy II of the NANDA-I, being the fifth one the only one with the same nomination. Regarding the CD, it is recommended: the separation of the present characteristic in the NANDA-I â demonstrates lack of physical conditioning â in âreduced cardio-respiratory capacity â, â reduced muscular strength â and âreduced flexibility of the articulationsâ; the maintenance of â chooses routines without physical exercises â and â it verbalizes preference for activities with little physical exercise â; and the addition of "excess weight"; â low performance in the instrumental activities of daily life â and â it does not carry out physical activities in the leisure timeâ. As the conceptual definitions and empirical references built, were, in general, evidenced statistically proportions of matching within the specialists not less than 80% (p > 0.05) and values index of content validity of diagnosis more than 0.70 . The same was found for the 11 FR, and for the eight CD. It is considered that validation process assumed a direction for the diagnostic accuracy of clinical indicators of SL, contributing with the refinement and improvement of this diagnosis, and of its components. It is essential that the Nursing to appropriate this diagnosis in different contexts and that nurses use their technologies with a view to enhance and amplify the knowledge and the autonomy of the profession itself.

Television viewing is one of the most easily modifiable causes of obesity among children. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body composition and TV viewing among adolescents attending high schools in the Tlokwe municipality area of the North West province of South Africa. A cross-sectional study design which is part of the Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS) was followed on 154 learners (58 boys and 96 girls) who were aged 14 years in the Tlokwe municipality area. All the learners underwent anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and two skinfolds (triceps and subscapular skinfolds). Percentage body fat (%BF) was calculated from the two skinfolds according to Slaughter‟s et al. (1988) equation. Children were classified into three groups (viz. normal, overweight and obese) according to BMI cut-off point suggested by Cole et al. (2000). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between television viewing and body composition. The results show respectively high prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls (10.4%; 6.3%) as compared to the prevalence of 5% overweight in boys. With regard to TV viewing, the results show that 54% of the total group watch TV more than two hours a day, while only 11% watched TV less than one hour a day. The results show that the group that watches TV for more than 3 hours had high BMI (21.27kg/m²) and body mass (51.54kg). The group that watches TV for 1-2 hours had low BMI (18.36kg/m²) and body mass (44.79kg). There was a statisitcal significant relationship between BMI and body mass (p=0.001). A significant positive relationship between body mass and TV viewing (r=0.56; p=0.05) in overweight group was found, whilst in the obese group strong significant positive relationship was observed between percentage body fat and TV viewieng (r=0.94; p=0.01). It can be concluded that girls were more overweight and obese respectively as compared to the boys. Furthermore, both boys and girls had high percentages of TV viewing for more than two hours a day. In addition, the results indicated that adolescents who watched TV more than 3 hours are heavier and fatter. Therefore, it is recommended that parents and educational heads should encourage periods of daily physical activity. In addition, it is also important that parents play a more positive role in limiting the amount of hours their children spent watching television. / Thesis (MA (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Television viewing is one of the most easily modifiable causes of obesity among children. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body composition and TV viewing among adolescents attending high schools in the Tlokwe municipality area of the North West province of South Africa. A cross-sectional study design which is part of the Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS) was followed on 154 learners (58 boys and 96 girls) who were aged 14 years in the Tlokwe municipality area. All the learners underwent anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and two skinfolds (triceps and subscapular skinfolds). Percentage body fat (%BF) was calculated from the two skinfolds according to Slaughter‟s et al. (1988) equation. Children were classified into three groups (viz. normal, overweight and obese) according to BMI cut-off point suggested by Cole et al. (2000). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between television viewing and body composition. The results show respectively high prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls (10.4%; 6.3%) as compared to the prevalence of 5% overweight in boys. With regard to TV viewing, the results show that 54% of the total group watch TV more than two hours a day, while only 11% watched TV less than one hour a day. The results show that the group that watches TV for more than 3 hours had high BMI (21.27kg/m²) and body mass (51.54kg). The group that watches TV for 1-2 hours had low BMI (18.36kg/m²) and body mass (44.79kg). There was a statisitcal significant relationship between BMI and body mass (p=0.001). A significant positive relationship between body mass and TV viewing (r=0.56; p=0.05) in overweight group was found, whilst in the obese group strong significant positive relationship was observed between percentage body fat and TV viewieng (r=0.94; p=0.01). It can be concluded that girls were more overweight and obese respectively as compared to the boys. Furthermore, both boys and girls had high percentages of TV viewing for more than two hours a day. In addition, the results indicated that adolescents who watched TV more than 3 hours are heavier and fatter. Therefore, it is recommended that parents and educational heads should encourage periods of daily physical activity. In addition, it is also important that parents play a more positive role in limiting the amount of hours their children spent watching television. / Thesis (MA (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

There is a growing public health concern over the effects that sedentary lifestyles are having on the health of young people, particularly in relation to overweight and obesity. This thesis presents five studies which examine the prevalence, incidence and determinants of sedentary behaviour among youth. The rationale for eachs tudy derives from a framework of behaviourale. pidemiology applied to physical activity and health. Study I presents four systematic reviews of literature. The first review presents a descriptive epidemiology of youth sedentary behaviour. The second review presents a summary of empirical correlates of television viewing, the most prevalent sedentary behaviour among young people. 'Me third and fourth reviews present quantitative syntheses of empirical relationships between television viewing and body composition (review 3) and sedentary behaviour and physical activity (review 4). Study 2 examines the prevalence and interrelationships among different sedentary behaviours and physical activity in a cross-nationa(l USA & UK) sample of 2,494 youth ages 11-15. Study 3 uses a qualitative strategy to generate a grounded framework from which to understand the choices young people make about how to spend their free-time. Study 4 adopts a micro-behavioural approach for understandingt he incidence and temporal patterning of sedentary behaviour among 162 adolescents (age 13-16). Study 5 presents an evaluation of a behaviour change theory useful for increasing levels of physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour. Sedentary behaviour and physical activity do not appear to be two sides of the same coin and appear to have different sets of determinants. This is an important finding becausee fforts to increase levels of physical activity may not reduce levels of sedentary behaviour. While television viewing, video games and computer use are consistent referents in the academic and media panic surrounding youth inactivity, it is unlikely that these behaviours play a substantialr ole in epidemiologic trends of adolescent overweight and obesity. Further study should attempt to examine how contemporary lifestyles contribute to the growing prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents.