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In public warning message systems, information dissemination across the network is a critical aspect that has to be addressed. Dissemination of warning messages should be such that it reaches as many nodes in the network in a short time. In communication networks those based on device to device interactions, dissemination of the information has lately picked up lot of interest and the need for self organization of the network has been brought up. Self organization leads to local behaviors and interactions that have global effects and helps in addressing scaling issues. The use of self organized features allows autonomous behavior with low memory usage. Some examples of self organization phenomenon that are observed in nature are Lateral Inhibition and Flocking. In order to provide self organized features to communication networks, insights from such naturally occurring phenomenon is used. Achieving small world properties is an attractive way to enhance information dissemination across the network. In small world model rewiring of links in the network is performed by altering the length and the direction of the existing links. In an autonomous wireless environment such organization can be achieved using self organized phenomenon like Lateral inhibition and Flocking and beamforming (a concept in communication). Towards this, we first use Lateral Inhibition, analogy to Flocking behavior and beamforming to show how dissemination of information can be enhanced. Lateral Inhibition is used to create virtual regions in the network. Then using the analogy of Flocking rules, beam properties of the nodes in the regions are set. We then prove that small world properties are achieved using average path length metric. However, the proposed algorithm is applicable to static networks and Flocking and Lateral Inhibition concepts, if used in a mobile scenario, will be highly complex in terms of computation and memory. In a mobile scenario such as human mobility aided networks, the network structure changes frequently. In such conditions dissemination of information is highly impacted as new connections are made and old ones are broken. We thus use stability concept in mobile networks with beamforming to show how information dissemination process can be enhanced. In the algorithm, we first predict the stability of a node in the mobile network using locally available information and then uses it to identify beamforming nodes. In the algorithm, the low stability nodes are allowed to beamform towards the nodes with high stability. The difference between high and low stability nodes is based on threshold value. The algorithm is developed such that it does not require any global knowledge about the network and works using only local information. The results are validated using how quickly more number of nodes receive the information and different state of the art algorithms. We also show the effect of various parameters such as number of sources, number of packets, mobility parameters and antenna parameters etc. on the information dissemination process in the network. In realistic scenarios however, the dynamicity in the network is not only related to mobility. Dynamic conditions also arise due to change in density of nodes at a given time. To address effect of such scenario on the dissemination of information related to public safety in a metapopulation, we use the concepts of epidemic model, beamforming and the countrywide mobility pattern extracted from the $D4D$ dataset. Here, we also propose the addition of three latent states to the existing epidemic model ($SIR$ model). We study the transient states towards the evolution of the number of devices having the information and the difference in the number of devices having the information when compared with different cases to evaluate the results. Through the results we show that enhancements in the dissemination process can be achieved in the addressed scenario

Esta tese investiga a construção e o uso de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem para um curso de graduação. Seu o objetivo é compreender como se constituem as trocas interindividuais (autopoiese e processos sociocognitivos) nesse ambiente. A opção teórica para estudar esses processos é a Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget e a Biologia do Conhecimento de Humberto Maturana. Esta investigação possui um caráter exploratório, em que o delineamento metodológico é dado pelo estudo de caso. O primeiro estudo analisa o processo auto-organizativo e sociocognitivo do grupo, utilizando um software de análise qualitativa. O segundo estudo faz um mapeamento do processo cognitivo, sociocognitivo e metacognitivo de três sujeitos que interagiram no ambiente. Os resultados apontam para a constituição de duas redes que expressam o movimento autopoiético e sociocognitivo do grupo, sendo a primeira, denominada “rede de trocas cooperativas e autopoiéticas” e, a segunda, “rede de identidade e vínculo”. As conclusões indicam que a estratégia de Tarefas Convergentes favoreceu as trocas comunicativas num movimento de descentração, reciprocidade e auto-organização. Além disso, a pesquisa sugere que um futuro desenvolvimento do ambiente pode acrescentar recursos que possibilitem estudos e avaliações de aspectos específicos, tanto do ambiente virtual, como de novos resultados da aprendizagem. / This thesis investigates the construction and use of a virtual learning environment for a university course. It aims to comprehend how the inter-individuals exchanges (auto-poiese and socio-cognitive processes) are constituted in that environment. The theoretical option to study those processes is the Genetic Epistemology by Jean Piaget and the Biology of the Knowledge by Humberto Maturana. This investigation has an exploratory aspect, in which the methodological outline is given by study case. The first study analyzes the self-organizative and the socio-cognitive process of the group using a software of qualitative analysis. The second study makes a mapping of the cognitive, socio-cognitive and metacognitive process of three subjects that interacted in the environment. The results point out the constitution of two nets that express the auto-poietic and socio-cognitive moviment of the group, being the first named “network of cooperative and auto-poietic exhanges” and the second, “network of identity and link”. The conclusions point out that the Strategy of Convergent Tasks favored the communicative exchanges in a movement of descentration, reciprocity and self-organization. Besides, the research suggests that a future development of environment may add resources that make studies and assessment of specific aspects possible, both of the virtual environment, and of the new results of the learning. / Esta tesis investiga la construcción y el uso de un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje para un curso de graduación. Su objetivo es comprender como se constituyen los intercambios entre individuos (auto poiesis y procesos socio cognitivos) en ese ambiente. La opción teórica para estudiar estos procesos es la Epistemología Genética de Jean Piaget y la Biología del Conocimiento de Humberto Maturana. Esta investigación posee un carácter exploratorio; en el que el delineamiento metodológico es dado por el estudio de caso. El primer estudio analiza el proceso auto organizador y socio cognitivo del grupo utilizando un software de análisis cualitativa. El segundo estudio hace un plano detallado del proceso cognitivo, socio cognitivo y meta cognitivo de tres sujetos que se interrelacionaron en el ambiente. Los resultados apuntan la constitución de dos redes que expresan el movimiento auto poético y socio cognitivo del grupo, siendo la primera denominada “red de intercambios cooperativos y auto poéticos” y la segunda, “red de identidad y vínculo”. Las conclusiones apuntan que la estrategia de Tareas Convergentes favorece los intercambios comunicativos en un movimiento de descentralización, reciprocidad y auto organización. Además la pesquisa sugere que un futuro desarrollo del ambiente puede agregar recursos que posibiliten estudios y evaluaciones de aspectos específicos, tanto del ambiente virtual, como de los nuevos resultados del aprendizaje.

Esta tese investiga a construção e o uso de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem para um curso de graduação. Seu o objetivo é compreender como se constituem as trocas interindividuais (autopoiese e processos sociocognitivos) nesse ambiente. A opção teórica para estudar esses processos é a Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget e a Biologia do Conhecimento de Humberto Maturana. Esta investigação possui um caráter exploratório, em que o delineamento metodológico é dado pelo estudo de caso. O primeiro estudo analisa o processo auto-organizativo e sociocognitivo do grupo, utilizando um software de análise qualitativa. O segundo estudo faz um mapeamento do processo cognitivo, sociocognitivo e metacognitivo de três sujeitos que interagiram no ambiente. Os resultados apontam para a constituição de duas redes que expressam o movimento autopoiético e sociocognitivo do grupo, sendo a primeira, denominada “rede de trocas cooperativas e autopoiéticas” e, a segunda, “rede de identidade e vínculo”. As conclusões indicam que a estratégia de Tarefas Convergentes favoreceu as trocas comunicativas num movimento de descentração, reciprocidade e auto-organização. Além disso, a pesquisa sugere que um futuro desenvolvimento do ambiente pode acrescentar recursos que possibilitem estudos e avaliações de aspectos específicos, tanto do ambiente virtual, como de novos resultados da aprendizagem. / This thesis investigates the construction and use of a virtual learning environment for a university course. It aims to comprehend how the inter-individuals exchanges (auto-poiese and socio-cognitive processes) are constituted in that environment. The theoretical option to study those processes is the Genetic Epistemology by Jean Piaget and the Biology of the Knowledge by Humberto Maturana. This investigation has an exploratory aspect, in which the methodological outline is given by study case. The first study analyzes the self-organizative and the socio-cognitive process of the group using a software of qualitative analysis. The second study makes a mapping of the cognitive, socio-cognitive and metacognitive process of three subjects that interacted in the environment. The results point out the constitution of two nets that express the auto-poietic and socio-cognitive moviment of the group, being the first named “network of cooperative and auto-poietic exhanges” and the second, “network of identity and link”. The conclusions point out that the Strategy of Convergent Tasks favored the communicative exchanges in a movement of descentration, reciprocity and self-organization. Besides, the research suggests that a future development of environment may add resources that make studies and assessment of specific aspects possible, both of the virtual environment, and of the new results of the learning. / Esta tesis investiga la construcción y el uso de un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje para un curso de graduación. Su objetivo es comprender como se constituyen los intercambios entre individuos (auto poiesis y procesos socio cognitivos) en ese ambiente. La opción teórica para estudiar estos procesos es la Epistemología Genética de Jean Piaget y la Biología del Conocimiento de Humberto Maturana. Esta investigación posee un carácter exploratorio; en el que el delineamiento metodológico es dado por el estudio de caso. El primer estudio analiza el proceso auto organizador y socio cognitivo del grupo utilizando un software de análisis cualitativa. El segundo estudio hace un plano detallado del proceso cognitivo, socio cognitivo y meta cognitivo de tres sujetos que se interrelacionaron en el ambiente. Los resultados apuntan la constitución de dos redes que expresan el movimiento auto poético y socio cognitivo del grupo, siendo la primera denominada “red de intercambios cooperativos y auto poéticos” y la segunda, “red de identidad y vínculo”. Las conclusiones apuntan que la estrategia de Tareas Convergentes favorece los intercambios comunicativos en un movimiento de descentralización, reciprocidad y auto organización. Además la pesquisa sugere que un futuro desarrollo del ambiente puede agregar recursos que posibiliten estudios y evaluaciones de aspectos específicos, tanto del ambiente virtual, como de los nuevos resultados del aprendizaje.

La communication humaine vise principalement à transmettre de l'information par le biais de l'utilisation de langues. Plusieurs chercheurs ont soutenu l'hypothèse selon laquelle les limites de la capacité du canal de transmission amènent les locuteurs de chaque langue à encoder l'information de manière à obtenir une répartition uniforme de l'information entre les unités linguistiques utilisées. Dans nos recherches, la stratégie d'encodage de l'information en communication parlée est connue comme résultant de l'interaction complexe de facteurs neuro-cognitifs, linguistiques, et sociolinguistiques et nos travaux s'inscrivent donc dans le cadre des systèmes adaptatifs complexes. Plus précisément, cette thèse vise à mettre en évidence les tendances générales, translinguistiques, guidant l'encodage de l'information en tenant compte de la structure des langues à trois niveaux d'analyse (macrosystémique, mésosystémique, et microsystémique). Notre étude s'appuie ainsi sur des corpus oraux et textuels multilingues dans une double perspective quantitative et typologique. Dans cette recherche, la langue est définie comme un système adaptatif complexe, régulé par le phénomène d'auto-organisation, qui motive une première question de recherche : "Comment les langues présentant des débits de parole et des densités d'information variés transmettent-elles les informations en moyenne ?". L'hypothèse défendue propose que la densité moyenne d'information par unité linguistique varie au cours de la communication, mais est compensée par le débit moyen de la parole. Plusieurs notions issues de la théorie de l'information ont inspiré notre manière de quantifier le contenu de l'information et le résultat de la première étude montre que le débit moyen d'information (i.e. la quantité moyenne d'information transmise par seconde) est relativement stable dans une fourchette limitée de variation parmi les 18 langues étudiées. Alors que la première étude propose une analyse de l'auto-organisation au niveau macro- systémique, la deuxième étude porte sur des sous-systèmes linguistiques tels que la phonologie et la morphologie : elle relève donc d'une analyse au niveau mésosystémique. Elle porte sur les interactions entre les modules morphologique et phonologique en utilisant les mesures de la complexité linguistique de ces modules. L'objectif est de tester l'hypothèse d'uniformité de la complexité globale au niveau mésosystémique. Les résultats révèlent une corrélation négative entre la complexité morphologique et la complexité phonologique dans les 14 langues et vont dans le sens de l'hypothèse de l'uniformité de la complexité globale d'un point de vue typologique holistique. La troisième étude analyse l'organisation interne des sous-systèmes phonologiques au moyen de la notion de charge fonctionnelle (FL) au niveau microsystémique. Les contributions relatives des sous-systèmes phonologiques (segments, accents, et tons) sont évaluées quantitativement en estimant leur rôle dans les stratégies lexicales. Elles sont aussi comparées entre 2 langues tonales et 7 langues non-tonales. En outre, la distribution interne de la charge fonctionnelle à travers les sous-systèmes vocaliques et consonantiques est analysée de façon translinguistique dans les 9 langues. Les résultats soulignent l'importance du système tonal dans les distinctions lexicales et indiquent que seuls quelques contrastes dotés d'une charge fonctionnelle élevée sont observés dans les distributions inégales de charge fonctionnelle des sous-systèmes dans les 9 langues. Cette thèse présente donc des études empiriques et quantitatives réalisées à trois niveaux d'analyse, qui permettent de décrire des tendances générales parmi les langues et apportent des éclaircissements sur le phénomène d'auto-organisation. / The main goal of using language is to transmit information. One of the fundamental questions in linguistics concerns the way how information is conveyed by means of language in human communication. So far many researchers have supported the uniform information density (UID) hypothesis asserting that due to channel capacity, speakers tend to encode information strategically in order to achieve uniform rate of information conveyed per linguistic unit. In this study, it is assumed that the encoding strategy of information during speech communication results from complex interaction among neurocognitive, linguistic, and sociolinguistic factors in the framework of complex adaptive system. In particular, this thesis aims to find general cross-language tendencies of information encoding and language structure at three different levels of analysis (i.e. macrosystemic, mesosystemic, and microsystemic levels), by using multilingual parallel oral and text corpora from a quantitative and typological perspective. In this study, language is defined as a complex adaptive system which is regulated by the phenomenon of self-organization, where the first research question comes from : "How do languages exhibiting various speech rates and information density transmit information on average ?". It is assumed that the average information density per linguistic unit varies during communication but would be compensated by the average speech rate. Several notions of the Information theory are used as measures for quantifying information content and the result of the first study shows that the average information rate (i.e. the average amount of information conveyed per second) is relatively stable within a limited range of variation among the 18 languages studied. While the first study corresponds to an analysis of self-organization at the macrosystemic level, the second study deals with linguistic subsystems such as phonology and morphology and thus, covers an analysis at the mesosystemic level. It investigates interactions between phonological and morphological modules by means of the measures of linguistic complexity of these modules. The goal is to examine whether the equal complexity hypothesis holds true at the mesosystemic level. The result exhibits a negative correlation between morphological and phonological complexity in the 14 languages and supports the equal complexity hypothesis from a holistic typological perspective. The third study investigates the internal organization of phonological subsystems by means of functional load (FL) at the microsystemic level. The relative contributions of phonological subsystems (segments, stress, and tones) are quantitatively computed by estimating their role of lexical strategies and are compared in 2 tonal and 7 non-tonal languages. Furthermore, the internal FL distribution of vocalic and consonantal subsystems is analyzed cross-linguistically in the 9 languages. The result highlights the importance of tone system in lexical distinctions and indicates that only a few salient high-FL contrasts are observed in the uneven FL distributions of subsystems in the 9 languages. This thesis therefore attempts to provide empirical and quantitative studies at the three different levels of analysis, which exhibit general tendencies among languages and provide insight into the phenomenon of self-organization.

Esta tese investiga a construção e o uso de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem para um curso de graduação. Seu o objetivo é compreender como se constituem as trocas interindividuais (autopoiese e processos sociocognitivos) nesse ambiente. A opção teórica para estudar esses processos é a Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget e a Biologia do Conhecimento de Humberto Maturana. Esta investigação possui um caráter exploratório, em que o delineamento metodológico é dado pelo estudo de caso. O primeiro estudo analisa o processo auto-organizativo e sociocognitivo do grupo, utilizando um software de análise qualitativa. O segundo estudo faz um mapeamento do processo cognitivo, sociocognitivo e metacognitivo de três sujeitos que interagiram no ambiente. Os resultados apontam para a constituição de duas redes que expressam o movimento autopoiético e sociocognitivo do grupo, sendo a primeira, denominada “rede de trocas cooperativas e autopoiéticas” e, a segunda, “rede de identidade e vínculo”. As conclusões indicam que a estratégia de Tarefas Convergentes favoreceu as trocas comunicativas num movimento de descentração, reciprocidade e auto-organização. Além disso, a pesquisa sugere que um futuro desenvolvimento do ambiente pode acrescentar recursos que possibilitem estudos e avaliações de aspectos específicos, tanto do ambiente virtual, como de novos resultados da aprendizagem. / This thesis investigates the construction and use of a virtual learning environment for a university course. It aims to comprehend how the inter-individuals exchanges (auto-poiese and socio-cognitive processes) are constituted in that environment. The theoretical option to study those processes is the Genetic Epistemology by Jean Piaget and the Biology of the Knowledge by Humberto Maturana. This investigation has an exploratory aspect, in which the methodological outline is given by study case. The first study analyzes the self-organizative and the socio-cognitive process of the group using a software of qualitative analysis. The second study makes a mapping of the cognitive, socio-cognitive and metacognitive process of three subjects that interacted in the environment. The results point out the constitution of two nets that express the auto-poietic and socio-cognitive moviment of the group, being the first named “network of cooperative and auto-poietic exhanges” and the second, “network of identity and link”. The conclusions point out that the Strategy of Convergent Tasks favored the communicative exchanges in a movement of descentration, reciprocity and self-organization. Besides, the research suggests that a future development of environment may add resources that make studies and assessment of specific aspects possible, both of the virtual environment, and of the new results of the learning. / Esta tesis investiga la construcción y el uso de un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje para un curso de graduación. Su objetivo es comprender como se constituyen los intercambios entre individuos (auto poiesis y procesos socio cognitivos) en ese ambiente. La opción teórica para estudiar estos procesos es la Epistemología Genética de Jean Piaget y la Biología del Conocimiento de Humberto Maturana. Esta investigación posee un carácter exploratorio; en el que el delineamiento metodológico es dado por el estudio de caso. El primer estudio analiza el proceso auto organizador y socio cognitivo del grupo utilizando un software de análisis cualitativa. El segundo estudio hace un plano detallado del proceso cognitivo, socio cognitivo y meta cognitivo de tres sujetos que se interrelacionaron en el ambiente. Los resultados apuntan la constitución de dos redes que expresan el movimiento auto poético y socio cognitivo del grupo, siendo la primera denominada “red de intercambios cooperativos y auto poéticos” y la segunda, “red de identidad y vínculo”. Las conclusiones apuntan que la estrategia de Tareas Convergentes favorece los intercambios comunicativos en un movimiento de descentralización, reciprocidad y auto organización. Además la pesquisa sugere que un futuro desarrollo del ambiente puede agregar recursos que posibiliten estudios y evaluaciones de aspectos específicos, tanto del ambiente virtual, como de los nuevos resultados del aprendizaje.

Submitted by Miriam Lucas (miriam.lucas@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-01T17:03:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Maristela_Solda_2017.pdf: 1773056 bytes, checksum: 1dab9f4bc66fa350666b718984c642a8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-01T17:03:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Maristela_Solda_2017.pdf: 1773056 bytes, checksum: 1dab9f4bc66fa350666b718984c642a8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-07 / La disertación que se defiende aquí sistematizó los procesos educativos que se producen en las escuelas de los campamentos y asentamientos sin tierra, en el Estado de Paraná, con la implementación de la propuesta pedagógica Estudios Complejos - basado en presupuestos teóricos de Pistrak (2009 y 2011) y Shulgin (2013) educadores rusos que desarrollaron la propuesta durante la revolución rusa con la intención de manipular a los niños de la clase trabajadora para construir una nueva sociedad. Esta investigación trae para la discusión los núcleos sectoriales como un espacio interdisciplinar de apropiación de forma de enseñanza/ educación, autogestión, auto-organización y un real trabajo con principio educativo, en vista de forjar sujetos a través de la organización colectiva del trabajo pedagógico. La sistematización fue desarrollada a partir de las observaciones en dinámicas educativas y en las prácticas pedagógicas realizadas en cinco escuelas del MST - Movimiento de Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra. Presentamos como categorías para entender la naturaleza orgánica de las acciones pedagógicas: la realidad, la dialéctica, la interdisciplinaridad, el trabajo, la autogestión y la auto-organización. Guiada en el método materialismo histórico dialéctico, la investigación es bibliográfica, documental, cualitativa con el carácter participante, y también auxiliada por los documentos producidos por las escuelas y el MST. El material teórico producido en el proceso de lucha de la clase obrera, en las escuelas del MST, traza caminos para el rompimiento con la forma escolar convencional apoyándose en la auto-organización y el trabajo real. Los resultados del estudio ponen de manifiesto que cada escuela tiene límites y avances, sin embargo, están en un constante proceso de formación permanente del profesorado con el fin de superar sus limitaciones. Parece ser que los núcleos sectoriales, pero no están en pleno proceso de desarrollo, constituye la célula de la organización de la escuela, proporcionando discusiones en diferentes espacios educativos de la participación activa de los estudiantes en la construcción de la vida escolar, la gestión del tiempo y organización trabajar en la escuela promovida por los estudiantes. / This dissertation systematizes the educational processes which take place in settlement schools in Paraná state, under the execution of the Study Complex Pedagogical Proposal – based on theoretical assumptions from russian thinkers from the Russian Revolution period who aimed to equip the working class children in order to build a new society. This research presents a discussion about Sectorial Centers as interdisciplinary spaces of teaching methods, self-organization, self-management and real work with educational principles under the idea of forming people through collective organization of the pedagogical work. This paper organization was developed through observations inside the educational dynamics and pedagogical techniques in five MST (Brazilian Landless Rural Workers Movement) schools. We introduce some cathegories so that the reader can understand how organic these pedagogical actions are: reality, dialectics, interdisciplinarity, work, self-management and self-organization. Our research is bibliographical, documental and qualitative, based on participation, it is guided by the Dialectical an Historical Materialism methodology and it is supported by documents which were produced in MST schools. The theoretical material produced inside the working class struggling process, in MST schools, outlines ways of breaking the conventional education methodology by supporting itself in self-organization and real work. As a result of this research we highlight that each school unit has its own limitations and advancements, however, they undergo a constant pedagogical formation process which aims to overcome these limitations. We realise that the Sectorial Centers, even though they are not going through a complete development process, are the school organization cell, providing it with discussions regarding several educational spaces where there is active student participation concerning school development as a time of management and school work organization, and all of that is carried out by the students themselves. / Esta dissertação sistematiza os processos educativos que ocorrem nas escolas de acampamento e assentamento Sem Terra, no Estado do Paraná, com a implementação da Proposta Pedagógica Complexos de Estudos – baseada nos pressupostos teóricos dos pensadores russos que desenvolveram a proposta durante a Revolução Russa com a intenção de instrumentalizar os filhos da classe trabalhadora para a construção de uma nova sociedade. Esta pesquisa apresenta a discussão dos Núcleos Setoriais como um espaço interdisciplinar de apropriação de formas de ensino, autogestão, auto-organização e trabalho real com princípio educativo, na perspectiva de formar sujeitos por meio da organização coletiva do trabalho pedagógico. A sistematização foi desenvolvida por meio das observações nas dinâmicas educativas e nas práticas pedagógicas realizadas em cinco escolas do MST – Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra. Apresentamos como categorias para compreender a organicidade das ações pedagógicas: a realidade, a dialética, a interdisciplinaridade, o trabalho, a autogestão e a auto-organização. Pautada no método Materialismo Histórico Dialético, a pesquisa é bibliográfica, documental, qualitativa com o caráter participante, e também subsidiada por documentos produzidos pelas escolas e pelo MST. O material teórico produzido no processo de luta da classe trabalhadora, nas escolas do MST, traceja caminhos para o rompimento com a forma escolar convencional apoiando-se na auto-organização e no trabalho real. Como resultado da pesquisa destaca-se que cada unidade escolar apresenta limites e avanços, no entanto, encontram-se em constante processo de formação pedagógica contínua a fim de superar suas limitações. Constata-se que os Núcleos Setoriais, embora não se encontrem em um processo pleno de desenvolvimento, constituem a célula organizativa da escola, propiciando discussões em diferentes espaços educativos de participação ativa dos estudantes na construção da vida escolar, um tempo de gestão e de organização do trabalho na escola promovido pelos estudantes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:38:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Antonio Corrales Torres.pdf: 1028407 bytes, checksum: b5574af2fd8d98d1a9fe03ff29b6aa07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-05 / In the contemporary society, information and knowledge grew in importance and have become the most valuable assets, space and time are less relevant and more vulnerable due to the increasing mobile technology. New procedures and processes were created towards security. The information classification is the primary requirement to adjust rules and procedures, the protection level and cost. The current process is manual, restricted by the knowledge of few people and subject to imperfections. This study suggests a method to classify the information, regarding its confidentiality, using groups generated by an Artificial Neural Network. The development of this method was supported by studies of methodologies applied to information protection, to the technology and business risk management, classification methodologies and control structures. The implementation made use of a Neural Network, based on the Self-Organization Maps (SOM) of Kohonen, due to its heavy specialization on groups handling. The study case objective was the implementation and it considered the information from universities, due to their various properties (administrative, pedagogic and scientific research). The analysis of the results indicated the similarity among the elements that composed the groups generated by the training of the Neural Network, complemented by calculations using the original weights. The viability of the application of the considered method to an organization was confirmed. / Na sociedade contemporânea, a informação e o conhecimento assumiram a importância de representar os ativos de maior valor, num cenário em que o espaço e o tempo, devido à tecnologia voltada à mobilidade, perderam a relevância e tornaram-se mais vulneráveis. Surgiram novos procedimentos e mecanismos destinados à segurança. A classificação das informações é o requisito fundamental para direcionar as medidas, o nível de proteção e o custo. Atualmente o processo é manual, restrito ao entendimento de algumas pessoas e sujeito a imperfeições. Este estudo propõe um método para classificar as informações, quanto à sua confidencialidade, em grupos gerados por uma Rede Neural Artificial. O desenvolvimento deste método foi pautado por estudos em metodologias destinadas à segurança das informações, ao gerenciamento de risco de negócio e tecnológico, metodologias para classificação e estruturas de controle. A implementação usou a Rede Neural, baseada nos Mapas Auto-Organizáveis (SOM) de Kohonen, devido à sua acentuada especialização no tratamento de grupos. O estudo de caso objetivou a implementação e contemplou as informações das universidades, em razão da diversidade de suas propriedades (administrativa, pedagógica e pesquisa científica). A análise dos resultados obtidos permitiu observar a semelhança dos elementos que compõe os grupos gerados pelo treinamento da Rede Neural, complementado por cálculos que utilizam os pesos iniciais. Mostrou-se a viabilidade da aplicação do método proposto para uma organização.

Prédire la statistique des grandes échelles des écoulements turbulents constitue un enjeu important. Pour l'équation d'Euler 2D et des modèles analogues d'écoulements géophysiques, une auto-organisation est observée (formation de cyclones/anticyclones, jets intenses). La mécanique statistique d'équilibre des écoulements bidimensionnels s'est avérée fondamentale et pertinente même en présence de forçage et dissipation, dans la limite inertielle. La thèse est motivée par le phénomène de transitions aléatoires entre deux topologies différentes, lié à une bistabilité. Il s'agit de prédire la multiplicité des équilibres d'un écoulement (quasi) bidimensionnel. On développe une classification des transitions de phase, pour des équilibres (statistiques et/ou dynamiques) d'un tel écoulement. Les diagrammes de phase font apparaître la présence générique de points critiques et tricritiques, et des domaines d'inéquivalence d'ensembles statistiques. Dans le cas d'une géométrie annulaire, on décrit les effets de la topographie et de la conservation de deux circulations. Des analogies avec la bistabilité du courant océanique Kuroshio sont proposées à partir de cette étude académique. Enfin, pour le système Euler 2D, on détaille un résultat de mécanique statistique dans l'ensemble énergie-enstrophie : la distribution microcanonique, construite à partir du théorème de Liouville en dimension finie, correspond à la maximisation d'une entropie de mélange de la vorticité. / A most challenging problem in turbulence is to predict the statistics of flows at the large scales. In the case of the 2D Euler equation and analogous models for geophysical flows, the flow is observed to self-organize: cyclones/anticyclones and intense jets form. Equilibrium statistical mechanics has proven to be fundamental and relevant even in the presence of forcing and dissipation, in the inertial limit. The thesis is motivated by the phenomenon of random transitions between two different topologies. This phenomenon implies bistability. The goal is to predict the multiplicity of equilibria for a (quasi) two-dimensional flow. We develop a classification of phase transitions for the (statistical and/or dynamical) equilibria of this flow. Phase diagrams show critical and tricritical points as well as domains of statistical ensemble inequivalence, all this generically. In the case of an annular geometry, the effects of topography and of conserving two circulations are described. Analogies between the bistability of the ocean current Kuroshio and this academic study are suggested. Lastly, for the 2D Euler system, a statistical-mechanical result in the energy-enstrophy ensemble is detailed: the microcanonical distribution, constructed from Liouville's theorem in finite dimension, corresponds to the maximization of a vorticity-mixing entropy.

Au niveau moléculaire, les fonctions des motifs hélicoïdaux sont souvent associées à la stabilité de cesarchitectures. Par exemple, lorsqu’une hélice α est isolée de la structure tertiaire des protéines, celle-cidevient alors flexible et perd son activité. Afin de contrôler la rigidité de ces architectures, différentesapproches ont été proposées dont la construction d’édifices moléculaires repliés de façon contrôlée : lesfoldamères. Notre équipe s’intéresse aux foldamères d’oligoamide aromatique hélicoïdaux et à l’heureactuelle plusieurs études ont déjà été menées afin de comprendre les facteurs influant la stabilité de telleshélices: la longueur de l’oligomère, le solvant et l’effet de l’introduction d’un espaceur aliphatique dans laséquence. Lors de ce travail nous nous sommes tout d’abord intéressés à la capacité de repliement de cinqmonomères aromatiques couramment utilisés pour la préparation de foldamères. Leur contribution dans lastabilité hélicoïdale du système a été évaluée par RMN, diffraction des rayons-X et HPLC chirale dynamique.Inspirés par le rôle des ponts disulfure dans les protéines, nous avons décidé d’explorer l’effet d’une telleliaison sur la stabilité des hélices d’oligoamide aromatique. Deux composés contenant une liaison disulfureintramoléculaire ou deux liaisons intermoléculaires ont été synthétisés et leur stabilité étudiée par RMN, HPLCChiral et Dichroïsme circulaire.Enfin, la synthèse d’hélices moléculaires de grandes dimensions (assimilables à celles de polymèresmonodisperses) a été réalisée par une approche convergente de triplement de longueur de segment via laformation de liaisons anhydrides entre blocs oligomériques. / At the molecular level, the functions of helical patterns are often directly associated with the stability of thesearchitectures, (in α-helices). For example, upon removal of such an entity from the protein’s tertiary structure,the peptidic helix becomes flexible and thus inactive. In order to control the rigidity of these architectures,several strategies have been used and the construction of completely artificial well folded molecules known asfoldamers is one them. Our group mainly focuses on helical aromatic oligoamide foldamers and to dateseveral studies have been carried out to investigate factors affecting the helical stability; the influence ofoligomer length, solvent effects and the effect of aliphatic linkers within a helical aromatic sequence.In the present study we investigate the helical propensity of five commonly used aromatic monomers infoldamer synthesis and by using NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and dynamic chiral HPLC weevaluate their contribution in helical stability. Additionally, inspired by the role of disulfide bonds in proteins wedecided to explore their effect on helical stability. For this reason intra- and inter-molecularly disulfide bondedcompounds were designed and synthesized. Their stability was studied using NMR spectroscopy, chiral HPLCand CD experiments.Finally, the synthesis of mono-disperse helical strings of polymeric dimensions through a convergent, segmenttripling strategy has been developed. This protection/deprotection free synthesis was carried out byconnecting oligomeric blocks via a labile anhydride functionality.