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[pt] EFEITOS EMOCIONAIS DA AUTOCOMPAIXÃO E AUTOCRÍTICA / [en] EMOTIONAL EFFECTS OF SELF-COMPASSION AND SELF-CRITICISMNICOLLY MARQUES DE ALMEIDA RIBEIRO 26 October 2020 (has links)
[pt] A autocompaixão demonstrou ser uma ferramenta importante para lidar de
maneira mais saudável consigo mesma, especialmente em tempos difíceis. Por
outro lado, a autocrítica é considerada uma estratégia desadaptativa, com estudos
experimentais demonstrando que traz consequências prejudiciais aos indivíduos.
Considerando isso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da
autocompaixão na ansiedade e na reatividade emocional, utilizando medidas de
autorrelato e fisiológicas. / [en] Self-compassion has been shown to be an important tool to deal in a healthier manner with oneself, specially during difficult times. By contrast, selfcriticism is considered a maladaptive strategy, with experimental studies having shown that it brings harmful consequences to individuals. Considering this, the present study aimed to verify the effect of self-compassion in anxiety and emotional reactivity, using both self-report and physiological measures.
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Anknytning, självkritik och unga kvinnliga fotbollsspelares förmåga till självmedkänslaBrokvist, Elin, Näsholm, Anna January 2023 (has links)
I idrottsvärlden är det vanligt förekommande att utövare upplever krav och press från sin omgivning, vilket vid misslyckanden ofta leder till en hög grad av självkritiska tankar. I sammanhanget har självmedkänsla visat sig vara en hjälpsam strategi för att hantera negativa tankar, men relativt lite forskning inom denna domän återfinns inom den idrottsliga kontexten. Vidare indikerar aktuell forskning att effekten av självmedkänsla påverkas av anknytningsstil. Således var syftet med denna experimentella studie att undersöka om en kortvarig intervention med fokus på självmedkänsla kan påverka grad av självkritiska tankar hos kvinnliga fotbollsspelare, samt om spelarnas anknytningsstil kan predicera förmågan att framgångsrikt ta till sig interventionen. Urvalet bestod av aktiva kvinnliga fotbollsspelare i åldrarna 15–31 år (N=74) från sex lag som randomiserades till en interventionsgrupp, respektive kontrollgrupp. För att besvara frågeställningarna användes självskattningsformulären Self-compassion Scale Athlete Version (SCS-AV), Self-criticism Scale Athlete Version (SC-AV) samt Experiences in Close Relationships - Relationship Structures questionnaire (ECR-RS). Varians- och regressionsanalyser visade att interventionen signifikant påverkat deltagarnas upplevda grad av mindfulness och samhörighet, samt att grad av undvikande anknytning kan predicera deltagarnas upplevda omsorg och vänlighet mot sig själv. Sammanfattningsvis ger studien visst stöd till att en korttidsbaserad intervention i självmedkänsla kan ge gynnsamma effekter på kvinnliga fotbollsspelares självmedkänsla. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på vad som är verksamma mekanismer i interventioner av självmedkänsla i en idrottspopulation för att åstadkomma goda och reliabla behandlingsutfall. / In the sports world, it is common for practitioners to experience demands and pressure from their surroundings, which in the event of failure often leads to a high degree of self-critical thoughts. In this context, self-compassion has been shown to be a helpful strategy for dealing with negative thoughts, but relatively little research in this domain is found within the sporting context. Furthermore, current research indicates that the effect of self-compassion is influenced by attachment style. Thus, the aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether a short-term intervention focusing on self-compassion can affect the degree of self-critical thoughts in female soccer players, as well as whether the players' attachment style can predict the ability to successfully adopt the intervention. The sample consisted of active female soccer players aged 15-31 years (N=74) from six teams who were randomized to an intervention group and a control group, respectively. To answer the questions, the assessment forms Self-compassion Scale Athlete Version (SCS-AV), Self-criticism Scale Athlete Version (SC-AV) and Experiences in Close Relationships - Relationship Structures questionnaire (ECR-RS) were used. Variance and regression analysis showed that the intervention significantly affected the participants' perceived degree of mindfulness and common humanity, and that the degree of avoidant attachment can predict the participants' perceived self-kindness. In summary, this study provides some support that a short-term self-compassion intervention can have beneficial effects on female soccer players' self-compassion. Future research should focus on the mechanisms at work in self-compassion interventions in an athletic population to achieve good treatment and reliability outcomes.
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The Role of Self-Criticism in Direct and Indirect Self-Harming BehaviorsTucker, Molly Salome 08 1900 (has links)
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a form of direct self-harm that involves willful damage to bodily tissue without suicidal intent; it includes behaviors such as cutting, burning, carving, biting, scraping, and scratching of the skin, as well as hitting and skin and scab picking. Engagement in NSSI has been shown to relate to a host of maladaptive states and outcomes, including depression, anxiety, poor emotion regulation, and suicidal ideation and attempts. Socially sanctioned forms of body modification (e.g. tattoos and piercings) have received less attention as potential self-harm outlets, but have been posited to represent similar physical outlets of emotional pain. Indirect self-harm, in contrast, can include behaviors such as substance abuse, disordered eating, participation in abusive relationships, and sexual risk-taking. Extant literature suggests that self-harm in either form is associated with higher levels of self-criticism than healthy adults endorse. However, few studies have examined self-criticism in each of these self-harming subgroups. Female participants were recruited online using Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Results from the present study indicate that 1) direct self-harming individuals are considerably more self-critical than indirect self-harmers and control subjects, 2) those who engage in multiple forms of self-harm are more self-critical than those engaging in only one form, 3) self-criticism did not significantly predict self-harming behaviors, and 4) there are no significant differences in self-criticism based on developmental trajectory of self-harming behaviors. Additionally, individuals with body modification (e.g. tattoos, piercings) did not exhibit different levels of self-criticism than those without socially sanctioned alterations. Implications, limitations, and future directions for research of this nature are discussed.
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Exploration du rôle de l'autocritique et de la mentalisation dans l'automutilationAllard-Chapais, Catherine 08 1900 (has links)
Thèse de doctorat présenté en vue de l'obtention du doctorat en psychologie - recherche intervention, option psychologie clinique (Ph.D). / L’automutilation est un problème de santé publique majeur, considéré comme l’un des plus pernicieux et inquiétants auxquels font face les cliniciens et intervenants. Ce type de conduites possède des taux de prévalence et de cooccurrence élevés et est susceptible d’engendrer des conséquences physiques et psychologiques délétères. Par conséquent, au cours de la dernière décennie, l’automutilation a suscité l’intérêt de nombreux chercheurs qui ont tenté de mieux comprendre les facteurs susceptibles de favoriser le recourt à ce type de conduite. À ce sujet, le trait autocritique de la personnalité, de même que les capacités de mentalisation sont des variables reconnues dans la compréhension de l’automutilation. Ces deux variables sont prometteuses parce qu’elles ont le potentiel de renseigner sur les mécanismes sous-tendant l’attaque au corps et d’offrir des leviers thérapeutiques. La présente thèse vise donc à approfondir l’exploration du rôle de l’autocritique et de la mentalisation dans l’automutilation en examinant des pistes de recherche qui n’ont pas encore été empruntées. L’échantillon à l’étude est composé d’étudiants universitaires, chez qui les taux de prévalence de l’automutilation sont particulièrement élevés. Afin de tenir compte de la complexité sous-jacente à l’automutilation, différents angles d’exploration sont abordés dans deux études.
La première étude cible le caractère dichotomique de l’automutilation, c’est-à-dire la présence ou l’absence de comportements. L’objectif est d’examiner l’effet combiné de l’autocritique et de la mentalisation sur le risque de s’être automutilé par le passé. Bien que les deux variables aient été associées à l’automutilation, leur interaction n’a jamais encore été explorée. Pour cette étude, 420 étudiants inscrits dans un programme universitaire de premier cycle ont répondu à des questions sur la présence ou l’absence de comportements d’automutilation, ce dans la dernière année et au cours de leur vie. Ils ont aussi répondu au Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, qui évalue la continuité entre les formes normales et pathologiques des composantes autocritique et dépendante de la personnalité, au Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, qui évalue l’importance de deux lacunes de la mentalisation, soit l’hypomentalisation (c.-à-d. une pensée concrète qui se caractérise par la difficulté de former des modèles mentaux complexes relatifs au soi ou aux autres) et l’hypermentalisation (c.-à-d. la formation excessive de représentations mentales de ses actions ou de celles des autres fondées sur des preuves ou indices inexacts), et au Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, visant à évaluer la maltraitance à l’enfance. Les analyses de modération ont permis d’identifier des effets significatifs d’interaction entre l’autocritique et l’importance de deux lacunes de la mentalisation (c.-à-d. hypo- et hypermentalisation) dans le risque de s’être automutilé dans la dernière année. Aucun effet d’interaction n’a été identifié pour la période ciblant l’automutilation au cours de la vie. Les interactions sont demeurées statistiquement significatives en contrôlant pour les effets du sexe, du trait dépendant de la personnalité, et des expériences traumatiques vécues à l’enfance. En mettant en évidence un effet de modération par la mentalisation, ces résultats contribuent à clarifier les conditions dans lesquelles l’autocritique et l’automutilation sont associées.
La deuxième étude cerne quant à elle le caractère multidimensionnel de l’automutilation en s’intéressant à ses différentes caractéristiques. Celles-ci sont de plus en plus étudiées en tant que corrélats de la sévérité de l’automutilation puisqu’elles refléteraient des variations dans la sévérité de la morbidité associée à ce type de conduite. La nature de cette étude étant exploratoire, l’objectif est de documenter un ensemble de corrélats potentiels de la sévérité de l’automutilation (fréquence, nombre de méthodes, récence, type de soins requis) en examinant leurs associations avec l’autocritique et la mentalisation, toutes deux identifiées comme des facteurs de vulnérabilité transdiagnostiques associés à la sévérité de la perturbation du fonctionnement et de la détresse psychologique. L’échantillon comprend deux cent quatre étudiants de premier cycle, soit les participants de la première étude ayant un historique d’automutilation. Ceux-ci ont répondu aux mêmes questionnaires pour l’automutilation, l’autocritique et les lacunes de la mentalisation, en plus du Brief Symptom Inventory (échelles de dépression et d’anxiété). Les données ont été soumises à des tests t et à des analyses de variance. Les résultats ont permis d’identifier des associations positives entre les caractéristiques de l’automutilation, d’une part, et les niveaux d’autocritique, l’importance des lacunes de la mentalisation et certains indices cliniques (anxiété, dépression, pensées suicidaires), d’autre part. Ceci renforce la proposition selon laquelle les caractéristiques de l’automutilation peuvent être utilisées comme des indicateurs de la sévérité de la perturbation du fonctionnement et de la détresse psychologiques chez les individus qui s’automutilent. Ces données préliminaires ouvrent aussi la voie à l’exploration de modèles plus complexes du rôle de l’autocritique et de la mentalisation dans les variations au sein des caractéristiques de l’automutilation.
De façon générale, les résultats de la présente thèse indiquent que l’automutilation présente des niveaux de sévérité, et que l’autocritique puis des déficits de la mentalisation sont associés à la présence et à la qualité (niveaux de sévérité) de l’automutilation. Ces résultats suggèrent que des interventions visant à améliorer le rapport que l’individu entretient avec lui-même, de même que sa capacité à attribuer une qualité mentale à ses expériences personnelles et interpersonnelles pourraient être pertinentes en contexte de prévention et d’intervention entourant les conduites d’automutilation. / Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant public health issue. It is considered as one of the most concerning and pernicious behavior faced by health professionals. NSSI has high prevalence and cooccurrence rates and can lead to deleterious physical and psychological consequences. This phenomenon therefore has elicited a great deal of empirical and theoretical research in the last decade, as substantial efforts have been directed toward a better understanding of the factors underlying it. Among such factors are self-criticism and mentalizing abilities whose potential to clarify the mechanisms underlying NSSI and to provide therapeutic leverage make them promising variables. The goal of the present thesis is to investigate in more detail the role of self-criticism and mentalizing in NSSI by exploring new research avenues. The study sample consists of university students, a population in which NSSI is alarmingly common. In order to better apprehend the complexity of NSSI, different exploration angles are addressed in two studies.
The first study targets the dichotomic nature of NSSI, that is, the presence or absence of the behavior. The objective is to examine the combined effect of self-criticism and mentalizing in the risk of having engaged in NSSI in the past. Although self-criticism and mentalizing have both been associated with NSSI, their interplay in predicting NSSI has never been explored. For this study, four hundred and twenty Canadians undergraduates answered online questions regarding the presence or absence of NSSI, over either the previous year or their lifetime. They also completed the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, which assesses the continuity between normal and pathological forms of self-criticism and dependency, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, which evaluates the degree of two mentalizing deficits, namely hypomentalizing (i.e., concrete thinking characterized by the difficulty to form nuanced and complex models of the mind relating to the self and others) and hypermentalizing (i.e., excessive mentalizing characterized by the tendency to generate excessively detailed models of the mind of the self and others without accurate evidence to support these models), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, which assesses experiences of childhood maltreatment. The moderation analyses showed significant interaction effects between self-criticism and the two mentalizing deficits (i.e. hypo- and hypermentalizing) in the risk of having engaged in NSSI in the previous year. No moderation effects were found for the lifetime period. The results remained statistically significant after adjusting for sex, dependency and childhood traumas. By identifying an interaction between self-criticism and impairments in mentalizing (i.e. hypo- and hypermentalizing) in the occurrence of NSSI, this study contributes to the clarification of the conditions in which self-criticism may be related to NSSI.
The second study focuses on the different characteristics of NSSI and therefore targets the multidimensional nature of this behavior. NSSI features are increasingly studied as proxies for NSSI severity, as they relate to variations in the severity of the morbidity associated with this type of behavior. This study is exploratory. Its objective is to cluster and document a set of potential NSSI severity proxies (frequency, number of methods, recency, type of care needed) by examining their associations with self-criticism and mentalizing, which are both identified as transdiagnostic vulnerability factors associated with the severity of psychological distress and functional impairment. For this study, only the students who were recruited in the first study and who had a history of NSSI were selected (N = 204 participants). They completed the same online questionnaires for NSSI, self-criticism and mentalizing, in addition to the Brief Symptom Inventory (depression and anxiety scales). T tests and analyses of variance were conducted. The results show positive associations between NSSI features and self-criticism levels, degrees of mentalizing deficits and clinical indicators (anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts). Those results support the proposition that NSSI characteristics could be used as psychological distress and functional impairment severity indicators in individuals engaging in self-injury. They also open the door to the exploration of more sophisticated models of the role of self-criticism and mentalizing in NSSI characteristics variations.
Overall, the results of the present thesis indicate that NSSI presents various severity levels, and that self-criticism and mentalizing deficits are associated with the presence as well as the quality (i.e. severity levels) of NSSI. Those results suggest that interventions aiming at improving an individual’s relationship with himself, as well as his capacity to give a mental quality to his personal and interpersonal experiences could be relevant in NSSI prevention and intervention.
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“Min största kritiker har nog alltid varit jag själv” : En intervjustudie om upplevelsen av självkritik hos vuxna personer med stressymtom / "My biggest critic has probably always been myself" : An interview study on the experience of self-criticism in adults with stress symptomsAuener, Mareike, Berntsson, Tove January 2023 (has links)
Stressrelaterad psykisk ohälsa är ett stort problem i dagens samhälle som orsakar stora samhällskostnader och ett stort lidande hos de drabbade. Forskning tyder på att självkritik kan vara en sårbarhetsfaktor för utvecklandet av stressproblematik. För att kunna bidra med kunskap till hur psykologiska interventioner kan utformas kan det vara av värde att undersöka individers upplevelser av självkritik och stress närmare. Syftet med studien var följaktligen att öka kunskapen om självkritik hos individer med stressymtom, vilket undersöktes genom följande frågeställning: Hur upplever vuxna personer med stressymtom självkritik? Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades kvalitativt utifrån en generisk analysmetod. Analysen resulterade i fem huvudkategorier, som speglar olika aspekter av upplevelsen av självkritik: Höga inre krav, Negativ bedömning av sig själv, Rädsla för omgivningens reaktioner, Överträdande av egna gränser och Försämrat psykiskt mående. Sammantaget framkom flera olika aspekter av självkritiska tankar och beteenden hos studiedeltagarna, vilket indikerar att självkritik kan vara en viktig faktor att ta hänsyn till vid utvecklandet av interventioner för patienter med stressproblematik. / Stress-related mental illness is a major problem in today's society that causes great social costs and great suffering for those affected. Research indicates that self-criticism can be a vulnerability factor for the development of stress problems. In order to contribute knowledge to how psychological interventions can be designed, it may be of value to examine individuals' experiences of self-criticism and stress more closely. The aim of the study was therefore to increase the knowledge of self-criticism in individuals with stress symptoms, which was investigated through the following question: How do adults with stress symptoms experience self-criticism? Five semi-structured interviews were conducted and qualitatively analyzed based on a generic analysis method. The analysis resulted in five main categories, which reflect different aspects of the experience of self-criticism: High internal demands, Negative assessment of oneself, Fear of the reactions of others, Violation of own boundaries and Deteriorated psychological well-being. To conclude, several different aspects of self-critical thoughts and behaviors emerged among the study participants, which indicates that self-criticism can be an important factor to take into account when developing interventions for patients with stress problems.
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Gemeindeaufbau und -Wachstum bei den Russlanddeutschen evangelikalen Christen in Deutschland inmitten der Spannung von Einwanderung und Integration / Church planting and church growth among evangelical Russian German Christians in Germany in the tension between immigration and integrationKlassen, John Niebuhr 11 1900 (has links)
Text in German / Die Arbeit ist eine ekklesiologisch-rnissiologische Untersuchung einer
Migrantengruppe, der uber eine Viertelrnillion zahlender Russlanddeutscher, evangelisch freikirchlicher Tradition, die innerhalb von 35 Jahren, beginnend rnit 1963, als Aussiedler aus der vorrnaligen Sowjetunion in die Bundesrepublik Deutschland eingewandert sind.
Die Aussiedlung und Einwanderung geschah in Absprache beider Staaten als Farnilienzusarnrnenfiihrung von Menschen deutscher Volkszugehorigkeit, die durch den zweiten Weltkrieg getrennt worden waren. Ethnisch ein Tei! von rund 1.900.000 Menschen, die oft nach vielen, anstrengenden aber entschlossenen Bernilhungen die Erlaubnis erlangten auszureisen. In Deutschland wurden sie unerwartet freundlich und hilfreich aufgenornrnen.
Da keine offiziellen Angaben fiber die Anzahl der eingewanderten freikirchlichen Aussiedler vorliegen, war das erste Ziel der Studie, ihre zahlenrnaBige GroBe festzustellen. Ergebnis: Etwa 270.000 Personen sind als Farnilien der baptistischen und rnennonitischen Freikirche zuzurechnen. Von ihnen hatten sich rund 55.000 Erwachsene dern christlichen Glauben zugewandt und sich diesen Gerneinden angeschlossen. Die anderen waren Minderjahrige oder der Gerneinde bisher ferngeblieben.
Erst nach der Aufnahrne in das Land ihrer Yater rnerkten viele, dass sie Frernde in der Heirnat waren. Wollten sie nicht Frernde bleiben, rnussten sie sich sozial, kulturell und kirchlich durch Anpassung integrieren. Dieser Prozess ist schwer, weil der einzelne Einwanderer sich dazu verandern rnuss. Zunachst aber wollen viele bleiben wie sie sind und so leben, wie sie in der alten Heirnat gelebt hatten. Besonders schwierig erweist sich die kirchliche Integration.
Etwa sechs von sieben freikirchlichen Aussiedlern ( etwa 48.000) haben eigene Gerneinden gegrilndet, die anderen ( etwa 7 .000) haben ihre geistliche Heirnat in bestehenden Gerneinden gefunden. Diese neugegrilndeten Gerneinden weisen flir die BRD eine uberdurchschnittliche Wachsturnsrate auf.
Ein zweites Anliegen ging der Frage nach, wie diese Gerneinden wachsen: Durch neuen Zuzug aus der GUS oder durch Bekehrung und Taufe? Ergebnis: Von den rund 62.000 Mitglieder (aus den ursprilnglichen 48.000) in Aussiedlereigenen Gerneinden (Stand 1998) sind rund 24.500 Glaubige in Verbindung rnit der Taufe zur Gerneinde gekornrnen. Die Zahl der Aussiedler-Taufen in den einheirnischen Gerneinden ist nicht
bekannt.
Drittens wurde diskutiert, inwiefern die Gerneinden ihre Lebensordnung bewahren und trotzdern ihren Missionsauftrag wahrnehrnen konnen. / The thesis is an ecclesio-missiological study of a migrant group of more than a quarter of a million Russian Germans, by tradition free church evangelicals. Beginning in 1963, they migrated from the former Soviet Union as 'Aussiedler' (re-settlers) to the Federal Republic of Germany.
The resettling - agreed upon by both states - was a program of re-uniting
families that had been separated during the Second World War. Ethnically, part of a larger group of 1,900.000 German people who, after exhausting but determined efforts, were permitted to leave for Germany. Here being welcomed and given generous material and social support.
As no statistics about evangelical free church family immigrants are recorded, the first aim of the research was to establish their numerical size. The result:: By 1998 some 270,000 family members of this confession had entered Germany. Of these about 55,000 were adult Christian believers who had become members of a Baptist or a Mennonite Church. The rest were minors or adults with no confession of faith to date.
In the country of their forbears many of the 'Aussiedler' realised: ,,We are
strangers in our homeland. If we do not want to remain strangers, we need to adjust culturally, socially and religiously". Initially many resisted change. Change in to religious customs was particularly difficult. As a result, many did not join existing churches but established new congregations where they could practice their faith in the traditions familiar to them.
Since the new 'Aussiedler' churches have been growing at an above average growth rate, the second goal was to investigate the reasons for this phenomenon. How much growth was by immigrantion? How much by
conversion and baptism? It was found that of the ca. 62,000 members in the Aussiedler congregations (1998) ca. 24,500 had joined through baptism. The others had come in by immigration.
A third area of discussion related to the question: In how far can immigrant Christians retain their own culture and still be faithful to their missionary calling? / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Missiology)
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On the cultural poverty of a (judicial) practice without theory / Sobre la pobreza cultural de una práctica (judicial) sin teoríaIbáñez, Perfecto Andrés 10 April 2018 (has links)
The traditional model of initial training of judges in Spain and in other countries has been focused, and is still focused, on the mechanical digestion of a pile of stereotyped notions related to several legal subjects.This knowledge is presented with no references to specific legal disputes and does not meet at all, neither the profile of modern complex constitutional legal systems consisting of several levels, internally changing and conflicting; nor the practice of those systems. It does correspond, however, the historical model of the Napoleonic judge, who tends to act as a mechanical enforcer of the law and the longa manu of the real power rather than guardian of the citizens’ basic rights. The alternative to this kind of judicial training would be a system of training incorporating a high quality operative knowledge of the positive law actually in force, together with a theoretical-philosophical training in line with the suggestions made by Manuel Sacristán of «a level of exercise of thinking» based on the specific field and activity inherent to that group of legal practitioners. / El modelo tradicional de formación inicial de jueces para el desempeño del rol, en España, pero no solo, se ha cifrado y se cifra en la asimilación mecánica de todo un cúmulo de nociones estereotipadas relativas a las diversas disciplinas. Se trata de un bagaje que, por su carácter desproblematizador, no se ajusta en absoluto al perfil de los modernos ordenamientos constitucionales complejos, dotados de distintos niveles y, con frecuencia, internamente conflictivos y cambiantes; y menos a su práctica.Pero responde, en cambio, al histórico tipo de juez del modelo napoleónico, longa manu del poder en acto más que garante de derechos, tendencial aplicador mecánico. La alternativa a esta clase de formación estaría en otra que incorporase a un buen conocimiento operativo del derecho positivo en su ser actual y realmente vigente, una formación teórico-filosófica en la línea sugerida una vez por Manuel Sacristán, como «un nivel de ejercicio del pensamiento» a partir de y sobre el específico campo temático y de la actividad propia de tal clase de operadores.
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Politika interpretace. Rétorické, diskursivní a textové hry v normalizační literární kritice / The Politics of Interpretation. Rhetoric, Discursive and Textual Games in Literary Criticism in the Era of the So-Called NormalisationAndreas, Petr January 2015 (has links)
Bibliografický záznam ANDREAS, Petr. Politika interpretace. Rétorické, diskursivní a textové hry v normalizační literární kritice. Univerzita Karlova, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav české literatury a komparatistiky, 2014. Vedoucí disertační práce: prof. Petr A. Bílek, CSc. Anotace Tématem této disertace je politika interpretace v normalizační literární kritice a publicistice (1968-1989). Práce kategorizuje a analyzuje diskursivní, rétorické a textové strategie, které používali literární kritici a publicisté (a jednotlivé profesní a názorové skupiny) publikující v oficiálním publikačním prostoru. Metodologicky vychází z konceptu politiky interpretace podle P. C. Hogana, rozvinutého o teorii jednání a teorii řečových aktů. V první, teoreticko-metodologické části (kapitoly II-IV) je představen a rozvíjen pojem politiky interpretace a analyzovány metodologické problémy interpretace literárněkritických a publicistických textů z normalizační éry. V druhé, analytické a interpretační části (kapitoly V-VII) jsou rozlišeny tři roviny politiky interpretace podle umístění ve struktuře kritického aktu a identifikovány kategorie rétorických, diskursivních a textových strategií. V třetí, závěrečné části (kapitola VIII) je zobecněno a syntetizováno poznání o podobě a fungování kritického aktu v normalizační éře. Annotation...
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Gemeindeaufbau und -Wachstum bei den Russlanddeutschen evangelikalen Christen in Deutschland inmitten der Spannung von Einwanderung und Integration / Church planting and church growth among evangelical Russian German Christians in Germany in the tension between immigration and integrationKlassen, John Niebuhr 11 1900 (has links)
Text in German / Die Arbeit ist eine ekklesiologisch-rnissiologische Untersuchung einer
Migrantengruppe, der uber eine Viertelrnillion zahlender Russlanddeutscher, evangelisch freikirchlicher Tradition, die innerhalb von 35 Jahren, beginnend rnit 1963, als Aussiedler aus der vorrnaligen Sowjetunion in die Bundesrepublik Deutschland eingewandert sind.
Die Aussiedlung und Einwanderung geschah in Absprache beider Staaten als Farnilienzusarnrnenfiihrung von Menschen deutscher Volkszugehorigkeit, die durch den zweiten Weltkrieg getrennt worden waren. Ethnisch ein Tei! von rund 1.900.000 Menschen, die oft nach vielen, anstrengenden aber entschlossenen Bernilhungen die Erlaubnis erlangten auszureisen. In Deutschland wurden sie unerwartet freundlich und hilfreich aufgenornrnen.
Da keine offiziellen Angaben fiber die Anzahl der eingewanderten freikirchlichen Aussiedler vorliegen, war das erste Ziel der Studie, ihre zahlenrnaBige GroBe festzustellen. Ergebnis: Etwa 270.000 Personen sind als Farnilien der baptistischen und rnennonitischen Freikirche zuzurechnen. Von ihnen hatten sich rund 55.000 Erwachsene dern christlichen Glauben zugewandt und sich diesen Gerneinden angeschlossen. Die anderen waren Minderjahrige oder der Gerneinde bisher ferngeblieben.
Erst nach der Aufnahrne in das Land ihrer Yater rnerkten viele, dass sie Frernde in der Heirnat waren. Wollten sie nicht Frernde bleiben, rnussten sie sich sozial, kulturell und kirchlich durch Anpassung integrieren. Dieser Prozess ist schwer, weil der einzelne Einwanderer sich dazu verandern rnuss. Zunachst aber wollen viele bleiben wie sie sind und so leben, wie sie in der alten Heirnat gelebt hatten. Besonders schwierig erweist sich die kirchliche Integration.
Etwa sechs von sieben freikirchlichen Aussiedlern ( etwa 48.000) haben eigene Gerneinden gegrilndet, die anderen ( etwa 7 .000) haben ihre geistliche Heirnat in bestehenden Gerneinden gefunden. Diese neugegrilndeten Gerneinden weisen flir die BRD eine uberdurchschnittliche Wachsturnsrate auf.
Ein zweites Anliegen ging der Frage nach, wie diese Gerneinden wachsen: Durch neuen Zuzug aus der GUS oder durch Bekehrung und Taufe? Ergebnis: Von den rund 62.000 Mitglieder (aus den ursprilnglichen 48.000) in Aussiedlereigenen Gerneinden (Stand 1998) sind rund 24.500 Glaubige in Verbindung rnit der Taufe zur Gerneinde gekornrnen. Die Zahl der Aussiedler-Taufen in den einheirnischen Gerneinden ist nicht
bekannt.
Drittens wurde diskutiert, inwiefern die Gerneinden ihre Lebensordnung bewahren und trotzdern ihren Missionsauftrag wahrnehrnen konnen. / The thesis is an ecclesio-missiological study of a migrant group of more than a quarter of a million Russian Germans, by tradition free church evangelicals. Beginning in 1963, they migrated from the former Soviet Union as 'Aussiedler' (re-settlers) to the Federal Republic of Germany.
The resettling - agreed upon by both states - was a program of re-uniting
families that had been separated during the Second World War. Ethnically, part of a larger group of 1,900.000 German people who, after exhausting but determined efforts, were permitted to leave for Germany. Here being welcomed and given generous material and social support.
As no statistics about evangelical free church family immigrants are recorded, the first aim of the research was to establish their numerical size. The result:: By 1998 some 270,000 family members of this confession had entered Germany. Of these about 55,000 were adult Christian believers who had become members of a Baptist or a Mennonite Church. The rest were minors or adults with no confession of faith to date.
In the country of their forbears many of the 'Aussiedler' realised: ,,We are
strangers in our homeland. If we do not want to remain strangers, we need to adjust culturally, socially and religiously". Initially many resisted change. Change in to religious customs was particularly difficult. As a result, many did not join existing churches but established new congregations where they could practice their faith in the traditions familiar to them.
Since the new 'Aussiedler' churches have been growing at an above average growth rate, the second goal was to investigate the reasons for this phenomenon. How much growth was by immigrantion? How much by
conversion and baptism? It was found that of the ca. 62,000 members in the Aussiedler congregations (1998) ca. 24,500 had joined through baptism. The others had come in by immigration.
A third area of discussion related to the question: In how far can immigrant Christians retain their own culture and still be faithful to their missionary calling? / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Missiology)
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Le rôle de la honte et des processus cognitifs de régulation émotionnelle dans les comportements répétitifs centrés sur le corps et les troubles alimentairesHouazene, Sarah 08 1900 (has links)
L’extirpation compulsive des poils et de la peau, ainsi que le rongement des ongles constituent des gestes destructeurs et non-fonctionnels appartenant à la catégorie des comportements répétitifs centrés sur le corps (CRCC). Dans les dernières années, plusieurs études ont souligné des caractéristiques communes entre les CRCC et les troubles alimentaires (TA). Des modèles théoriques ont notamment mis en lumière l’importance des difficultés de régulation émotionnelle chez ceux atteints de CRCC et de compulsions alimentaires. Plusieurs auteurs ont suggéré que la honte possédait un rôle important dans le déclenchement et le maintien de ces comportements impulsifs. De plus, la honte physique et les conséquences associées à ces comportements contribueraient à la persistance du cycle de la honte. À ce jour, de nombreux processus cognitifs utilisés pour caractériser ces conditions restent inexplorés, incluant les stratégies cognitives de régulation émotionnelle et l'autocritique (i.e., évaluation néfaste et punitive de soi). L’étude de ces processus cognitifs et de la honte contribuera au raffinement des modèles théoriques existants. Par ailleurs, l’étude en parallèle des CRCC et des TA permettra de comparer les processus divergents et convergents entre ces conditions souvent concomitantes.
Le premier article de cette thèse porte sur une étude en ligne ayant été effectuée par le biais de questionnaires auto-rapportés auprès d’un échantillon d’adultes provenant de la population générale (n=76). De nature exploratoire, cette étude vise à identifier la relation entre la sévérité des symptômes de CRCC et de TA, l’autocritique, la honte et les stratégies cognitives de régulation émotionnelle inadaptées. Les résultats montrent une corrélation positive entre les symptômes de CRCC et de TA et les processus étudiés. De plus, ces résultats indiquent que la honte et les stratégies de régulation émotionnelle inadaptées expliquent en partie la sévérité des symptômes de CRCC, tandis que l’autocritique explique la sévérité des symptômes de TA.
Le deuxième article présenté dans le cadre de cette thèse porte sur une étude expérimentale effectuée auprès de trois groupes de femmes, soit un groupe témoin (n=18), un groupe atteint de CRCC (n=18) et un groupe s’engageant dans des compulsions alimentaires et souffrant d’un TA (n=18). L’objectif principal de cette étude est d’explorer le rôle de la honte dans l’envie de s’engager dans des CRCC et des compulsions alimentaires. Les résultats de cette étude confirment que la honte augmente l’envie de s’engager dans des CRCC, sans toutefois augmenter l’envie de s’engager dans des compulsions alimentaires. Par ailleurs, les résultats mettent en lumière la présence d’un sentiment de honte subséquemment à des épisodes de CRCC et de compulsions alimentaires. Les données obtenues soulignent l’importance de la honte comme facteur précipitant un épisode de CRCC, ainsi que comme facteur de maintien des CRCC et des compulsions alimentaires.
Pour conclure, les résultats de cette thèse doctorale appuient le rôle de la honte dans la sévérité des symptômes de CRCC, ainsi que comme facteur déclencheur et de maintien des épisodes de CRCC. En plus de discuter de l’ensemble des résultats de la présente thèse, les principales limites et les forces sont présentées dans la discussion. Les implications théoriques et cliniques, ainsi que des pistes pour orienter les recherches futures sont également proposées. / Compulsive hair-pulling, skin-picking and nail-biting are destructive and non-functional habits that are classified as body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). Over the past few years, several studies have highlighted common characteristics between BFRBs and eating disorders (EDs). Notably, theoretical models have highlighted the role played by emotional regulation difficulties during BFRB and binge eating episodes. Several authors have suggested that shame plays an important role in the precipitation and maintenance of these impulsive behaviors. Further, the physical shame and the consequences associated with these behaviors contribute to propelling a “cycle of shame”. To this day, many of the cognitive processes used to characterizing these conditions remain unexplored, including cognitive emotion regulation strategies and self-criticism (i.e., harmful and punitive self-assessment). The investigation of these cognitive processes and shame will contribute to refining existing models. Moreover, studying BFRBs and EDs simultaneously allows us to compare the diverging and converging processes between these often-comorbid conditions.
The first article presented within the framework of this thesis aims to identify the relationship between BFRB and ED symptom-severity, self-criticism, shame, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. More exploratory in nature, this study was conducted with an online sample of adults from the community using self-reported questionnaires. The results demonstrate a positive correlation between BFRB and ED symptoms, along with the other processes studied. Additionally, shame and maladaptive emotional regulation strategies partly explained BFRB symptom severity, whereas self-criticism explained ED symptom severity.
The second article of this thesis aims to evaluate the impact of shame on the urge to engage in episodes of BFRBs and binge eating. This experimental study was carried out with three groups of women, namely a control group (n = 18), a BFRB group (n = 18), and a group of people suffering from an ED involving binge eating behaviors (n = 18). Findings confirmed that shame increases the urge to engage in BFRBs, but not the urge to engage in binge eating. Moreover, results highlighted the persistence of feelings of shame following BFRB and binge eating episodes. Findings from this study underline the importance of shame as a precipitating factor to BFRB episodes, as well as a maintenance factor to BFRBs and binge eating. Compared to the control group, the BFRB and binge eating groups demonstrated increased sensitivity to shame.
Overall, the results of the present thesis support the role of shame in BFRB symptoms severity, as well as a trigger and maintenance factor for BFRB episodes. In addition to discussing the results of this thesis, its main limitations and strengths will be presented in the discussion. The theoretical and clinical implications, as well as perspectives for future research will also be discussed.
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