Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2007. / Title from screen (viewed on June 6, 2007) Department of Sociology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-122)

Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-04-06T20:00:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 5216207 bytes, checksum: 96b8d07ed888a6e326a04e59f212f3ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T20:00:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 5216207 bytes, checksum: 96b8d07ed888a6e326a04e59f212f3ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / The terrorist attack that hit the World Trade Center in New York on September 11, 2001, caused a historical impact in the United States of America, awakening in the country’s cultural industry a massive, patriotic reaction of endorsement of the War on Terror that followed. One of the centerpieces of that period, the American Superhero, however, was also mobilized to articulate criticism to the George W. Bush’s military campaign in some comics of the time, which also problematized the condition of that mythical figure of mass culture, a recognized nationalist symbol, during an increasingly contested government – by both the domestic population and the global community. This study aims to present the Ex Machina series, by Brian K. Vaughan and Tony Harris, as a radical example of this production, invoking the methodological support of Discourse Analysis to reveal the corrupt protagonist Mitchell Hundred (or The Great Machine ) – elected mayor of New York City after saving one of the Twin Towers on a reimagined September 11 – not only as a critical reflection of the Bush administration, but a demythifying appropriation of the American Superhero, one that invests itself with a critical view of the constitutive ideology of the superheroic paradigm and shows it as a reproduction of the redemptive and benevolent facade under which the USA imposes its international authority, in alleged missions for world peace, while obscure abuses and controversial geopolitical ambitions. / O ataque terrorista que atingiu o World Trade Center, em Nova York, no dia 11 de setembro de 2001, causou impacto histórico nos Estados Unidos da América, despertando na indústria cultural do país uma massiva reação patriótica de endosso à Guerra ao Terror que se seguiu. Uma das peças centrais desse período, o Super-herói Americano, porém, também foi mobilizado para articular críticas à campanha militar de George W. Bush em alguns quadrinhos da época, que ainda problematizaram a condição daquela figura mítica da cultura de massa, reconhecido símbolo nacionalista, durante um governo crescentemente contestado – tanto pela população doméstica quanto pela comunidade global. Este estudo se propõe a apresentar a série Ex Machina, de Brian K. Vaughan e Tony Harris, como um exemplar radical dessa produção, invocando o suporte metodológico da Análise do Discurso para revelar o corrompido protagonista Mitchell Hundred (ou A Grande Máquina) – eleito prefeito de Nova York após salvar uma das Torres Gêmeas num reimaginado 11 de Setembro – não apenas como reflexo crítico da administração Bush, mas uma apropriação desmitificadora do Super-herói Americano, que se investe de uma visão crítica da ideologia constitutiva do paradigma super-heroico e o evidencia como uma reprodução da fachada redentora e benevolente sob a qual os EUA impõem sua autoridade internacional, em supostas missões pela paz mundial, enquanto obscurecem abusos e ambições geopolíticas controversas.

In and out of memory: exploring the tension between remembering and forgetting when recalling 9/11, a traumatic event. My research is an unravelling of a traumatic memory to describe, understand and answer questions about the 'trauma body.' In my research, I put forward the idea that traumatic memories are detached memories with an emotional resonance that fixes them historically in a specific place and time, unwieldy anchors for a body that is neither here (present), nor there (in the past). I analyse this paradox from philosophical and psychoanalytical perspectives. Through a layered arts practice of text, sonic art work, and moving and still imagery I examine the tension where trauma meets memory, whether in an attempt to forget, or an effort to remember. Memory in this context is perceived as crucial towards understanding oneself socially, culturally and personally, whilst trauma is understood as an experience borne by the act of ‘leaving,’ wherein the mind’s coping mechanism overwhelmed by shocking external events fractures or splits. I began this process by revisiting a journal written on the day of and days following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. A journal that had remained closed and unread until starting my research in 2012. My aim was to deconstruct my memory of this traumatic event, lay it to rest and explore the latent witnessing that defies assimilation into a narrative. I employ autoethnography as a methodology to facilitate a greater understanding of trauma and its wider cultural implications, overlaying my personal memories upon a well-established collective memory of 9/11. Autoethnography, in this instance, is a reformulation of ethnography or anthropology, an in-depth examination of context incorporating cross-disciplinary approaches. With an emphasis on self-reflection and subjective participation, as both the artist and the owner of certain memories, my intention was to engage a larger epistemological discussion of the meeting place of trauma and memory.

Mini Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M Tech: Business Administration in the FACULTY of BUSINESS at the CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 2009 / The tourism industry is subject to the perception of the tourist whether the chosen destination is perceived as a safe destination. No tourist wants their planned vacation interrupted by acts of violence, placing his and his family’s lives in danger. The attacks on the World Trade Centre in September 2001, has changed the way we travelled for ever. The tourism industry realized that no destination, no mater how far removed from the so called “hot spots” (areas of conflict), could be seen as a safe destination. Acts of violence can occur at any destination at any time. This attack also had a significant impact on the way tourist travel and how they plan their vacations. Added security at all international airports were upgraded to ensure passenger safety, but with that came delays and longer check in times. All of these have a negative impact on the airlines. Tourist also opted for the more safer destinations, those that are removed form potential conflict areas. In the months following directly after the attacks, most popular destination experienced a significant decline in tourist numbers. Major airline across the globe also lost out on revenue, with some of them being forced to close their operations. This had an impact on employment figures in the tourism industry. The attacks however had a positive side to it as well. Some destinations benefited in tourism numbers, due to the fact that these destinations were seen a safe areas to spend one’s vacation at. South Africa, and in particular the Western Cape, is one of these areas that benefited with increasing tourism numbers, due to its status as a safe destination.

From the French Discourse Analysis, this paper (September 11/ 2001 as discursive event: an analysis of the next day headlines) examines journalistic materials that reverberated the September 11. The first chapter presents the relationship between the subject and the situation. We deal with the issue of transparency and opacity, and its importance for understanding of the subject of discourse. For this, we make use of initial analyzes that presents religious discourses and the immediate construction of the discourse through the senses of the indeterminacy principle. In the second chapter, we present the theoretical and methodological references. We expose the key notions of Discourse Analysis that guide the search from the work of Michel Pêcheux: event, discursive formation and interdiscourse, beyond the notion of "formula" discussed by Alice Krieg-Planque. Finally, we present the steps of building the corpus with the reasons why the methodology elected some newspapers / magazines and not others. The third chapter introduces the operations of newspaper front pages and magazine covers. Places where appears the statements analyzed. We also bring the analytical criteria. The first criterion are considerations for a preliminary reading of page / cover: the relationship between the verbal and the visual in graphic space. The second criterion turns to analyzing the facts of language present in the statements / headlines of Folha de São Paulo and O Globo and magazines Veja and Época. We study various speeches of discourses and also reflect on the strong presence of the television / imagistic discourse on these supports. / A partir da chamada Análise do Discurso francesa, o trabalho examina materiais jornalísticos que repercutiram o 11 de setembro. O primeiro capítulo compreende a relação entre os sujeitos e a situação. Tratamos da questão da transparência e da opacidade e sua importância na busca pela compreensão do sujeito do discurso. Para isso, valemo-nos de análises iniciais que configuram discursividades religiosas e a imediata construção do discurso do terror pelos sentidos da indeterminação. No segundo capítulo, apresentamos o trajeto teórico-metodológico. Expomos as principais noções da AD que norteiam o trabalho a partir da obra de Michel Pêcheux: acontecimento, formação discursiva e interdiscurso, além da noção de fórmula discutida pela teórica Alice Krieg-Planque. Por fim, os gestos de construção do corpus com as justificativas pelas quais a metodologia elegeu alguns jornais/revistas e não outros. O terceiro capítulo destina-se a discussão do funcionamento e importância das primeiras páginas de jornal e capas de revistas, suportes onde se encontram os enunciados/manchetes que analisamos. Trazemos também critérios para os gestos analíticos. O primeiro critério são considerações para uma leitura preliminar da página/capa: a relação entre o verbal e o visual nos espaços gráficos específicos. O segundo critério volta-se para a análise dos fatos de linguagem presentes nos enunciados/manchetes dos jornais Folha de São Paulo e O Globo e nas revistas Veja e Época. Nós estudamos diferentes discursos e também refletimos acerca da forte presença do discurso televisivo/imagético nesses suportes.

Les attaques du 11 septembre 2001 sur le sol américain ont eu un impact incontestable dans les sphères politique, religieuse, sociale mais aussi culturelle de ce début de siècle. Elles ont mis à l'épreuve les positions idéologiques d'une certaine idée américaniste née avec les États-Unis et encore largement partagée. Si les images de l'effondrement des deux tours du World Trade Center ont symbolisé une rupture jugée historique, la catastrophe nationale a nourri depuis lors un grand nombre de représentations fictionnelles. À travers l'étude de dix-huit œuvres publiées dans la décennie qui a suivi - diverses dans leur nature mais emblématiques par leur impact sur la culture étasunienne -, notre travail prétend mettre au jour une logique temporelle opératoire, une typologie égrenant les différentes étapes du travail de deuil, de la sidération à l'éventuelle reconstruction. L'analyse diachronique de ce corpus, tourné vers la culture étasunienne dans son rapport à l'histoire des idées politiques, entend ainsi mettre en perspective le rôle de la fiction face au choc du 11 septembre. Ceci dans le but de saisir les évolutions et les limites de la fiction, lorsque celle ci se met à l'épreuve du réel. / The attacks of September 11th, 2001 on the American soil had an undeniable impact in the political, religious and social fields of this new century, but also in the cultural one. They put to the test the very foundations of what is known as “americanism”, an ideology born with the United States and still mostly prevalent to this day. While the images of the two collapsing World Trade Center towers symbolized a historical breaking point, the national catastrophe has since then nourished a large amount of fictions. Through the study of eighteen works of fiction published in the following decade - various by forms but noteworthy by their impact on the US culture -, our work claims to unveil an operative typology through time which follows the various stages of the mourning process, from denial to possible rebuilding. Thus, the diachronic analysis of this corpus, in close relationship with the American culture and history of political ideas, intends to question the role of fiction towards the shock resulting from September 11th, in order to seize the evolutions and limits of it, when the real puts it to the test.

I denna uppsats ville vi undersöka om nyhetsrapporteringen av terrorism i Sverige har förändrats sedan strax innan terrorattackerna i USA den elfte september 2001 fram till strax efter terrordåden i Paris i november 2015. Vi utförde en kvalitativ innehållsanalys på tjugo utvalda artiklar publicerade i Dagens Nyheter och Aftonbladet och kom fram till att det idag ställs högre krav på media då tidningarna idag måste förklara varför de väljer att kalla en handling för terrorism. Därtill fann vi också att världsläget lyste igenom journalistiken i och med att man kring attackerna mot USA inte visste hur man skulle agera eller reagera vilket då kunde urskiljas i nyhetsjournalistiken. Detta har utvecklats därefter och ju närmare nutid man kommer desto mer fokus ligger på vilka aktioner man bör ta till efter terrordåd.

This dissertation analyses the extent to which dominant political ideologies generate meanings in television news texts. The working process of the television news system and the manner in which television news constructs news programmes are discussed. In light of the televisual mode of news production, the author demonstrates how ideologically inspired meanings can systematically enter the television news system and thus potentially manipulate the production of television news broadcasts, though making a semiotic analysis of the CNN representations of September 11. This study is situated within the field of visual culture studies, and semiotic theory is employed to a great extent throughout. The author discusses the influence of dominant political ideologies on the television news production process, and how this contributes to the restriction of the polysemy of the television news sign. Television news representations may be mediated and manipulated in such a way to encourage viewers to produce readings that are favourable towards a certain dominant political ideology. The many mechanisms that television news utilises to create meaning are discussed. The mechanisms that are identified by the author as being the most effective in the production of ideologically inspired meanings are paid particular attention. These semiotic mechanisms include the manipulation of iconic signs, the construction of arbitrary signs and the representation of myths. The CNN representations of the September 11 events are analysed for their ideological content, and the author contends that these televisual representations were deliberately constructed to inspire readings that would be favourable to the ideology of Americanism. Therefore, Americanism, as an example of a dominant political ideology, is discussed. The visual mechanisms employed by CNN after September 11 are analysed. These include the editing of visually recorded footage, the treatment of the newsreader and the incorporation of the image of the American flag. The author offers a reading of the ideological motivation of these texts. The media myths that are constructed to naturalise Americanism, such as the myth of the hero and the myth of the tower, are discussed with regard to the manner in which they were represented by CNN after September 11. The iconic representations of key political figures involved with the September 11 events are also discussed and their ideological meanings uncovered. The CNN television news broadcasts functioned both to inform an international audience of the terrorist attacks and reinforce an ideology in crisis: namely, Americanism. CNN repeatedly employed many visual mechanisms to encourage viewers to produce readings that were favourable to Americanism. While Americanism entered a period of crisis, it mobilised its Ideological State Apparatuses, including television news, to reinforce and justify its position of power in order to maintain its own dominance after a deliberate blow. This study suggests that the CNN representations of September 11 are an accurate indication of how dominant political ideologies can effect the construction of television news texts. Where television news broadcasters reach large audiences while being ideologically aligned, and viewers are deliberately encouraged to produce certain ideologically inspired readings, television news becomes a medium through which widespread ideological domination can be achieved. / Dissertation (MA (Visual Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Visual Arts / unrestricted

This dissertation was an analysis of the root and proximate causes of the September 2002 civil war in Côte d’Ivoire. The central question of this study was: Why did Côte d’Ivoire, which was relatively stable under President Houphouët-Boigny, suddenly begin to experience political violence in the 1990s and an explosion in 2002? Côte d’Ivoire was an interesting case because it was stable for a long period of time, apparently making it an infertile ground for conflict. It was also interesting for comparative purposes because of the fact that several states in West Africa (for instance, Benin, Togo, and Ghana) have experienced military coups but not have civil wars. Finally, this case was an opportunity to revisit the debate on the causes of civil wars in the African context. Chapter one has outlined the entire dissertation project and contextualized the analysis that follows in the subsequent chapters. Chapter two has reviewed the literature on civil wars in general, identified the different types of civil wars, and the type the Ivoiran war is. Chapter three has examined the domestic and international political economy as a source of the civil violence in Côte d’Ivoire. Chapter four has examined the role of ethnicity and region as identities of the war, while chapter five has analyzed the role of the foreign relations in the civil war, as well as the regional political context. Chapter six has distinguished between the root and proximate causes of the Ivoirian civil war, made judgments about the relative weight of the various causes, and the extent to which the weight of the causes can be measured. The study found that the “Ivoirité” was the most important trigger of the civil war in Côte d’Ivoire. The overall conclusion of my dissertation was that the September 2002 crisis in that country was a political crisis which occured in the context of a political reform. It first started with succession problems in 1993 followed by the controversial elections in 1995 and 2000. Later, this electoral politics spread beyond electoral issues, namely citizenship matters.

This literature and interview-informed dissertation research sought to explore the educational experiences of a small sample of those who identify as part of the generation of Muslim youth in the United States who have come of age in “the age of terror,” precipitated by the September 11th terrorist attacks on the U.S. The research involved analyses and interpretations of selected literatures pertaining to seminal theories, histories, and discourses pertaining to U.S situated Muslim students in high schools. In addition, responses from seven Muslim high school students who describe how they see themselves, their schooling environments around them, and their place within that constructed world also contributed to this dissertation work. The researcher interrogated study participants’ descriptions garnered mostly via facilitations of interviews, and some student written narrative and poetry. Simultaneously, the researcher, who identifies as a queer Arab Muslim-American educator, reflexively interrogated her own assumptions, biases and expectations propelling and affecting her analyses and interpretations of study data. Themes of visibility and “coming out” as Muslim as well as of political structures, forms of oppression, namely Islamophobia, and school environments are all navigated as well as questioned through the perspectives of both students and the Arab-American Muslim educator-researcher. The research both creates and leaves spaces for further delvings into teacher education dominant notions of pedagogy, classroom images, and school communities. Additionally, this dissertation research offers possibilities for change in relation to conceptions of larger intersecting power structures that influence not only how the public perceives Muslim cultures but also on how these youth see themselves.