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This work raises the question if the digitalization on the office market today, is the solution to the low utilization during office hours on workplaces in Stockholm by increasing subleases. To answer this question, two interviews, two surveys and a literature review were completed and have been the basis for the obtained results that have gotten compiled and analyzed. The interviews took place with a tenant advisor and a third-party service on office rentals. The surveys were sent to both first tenants and property owners. The results section is based on a presentation of the responses received from each interview and survey. Finally, the conclusion on subleases via third-party service, which is a result of the digitalization on the office market, is that more subleases will increase and therefore utilization during office hours will increase in Stockholm. We believe that the current third-party service has answers to many of the problems that so far have hampered the development of further use of subleases. / Detta arbete ställer frågan om digitala tjänster för andrahandsuthyrning på kontorsmarknaden idag är lösningen på den låga nyttjandegrad, som finns under kontorstid på arbetsplatserna i Stockholm. För att besvara denna fråga har två intervjuer, två enkäter och en litteraturstudie genomförts och legat i grund för de resultat som erhållits och som även har analyserats. Intervjuerna skedde med en hyresgästrådgivare och en förmedlingstjänst för kontorsuthyrning. Enkäterna skickades ut till förstahandshyresgäster och fastighetsägare. Resultatdelen bygger på en presentation av de svar som erhållits från varje intervju och enkät. Slutligen pekar slutsatsen på att andrahandsuthyrning via förmedlingstjänst, som är ett resultat av digitaliseringen på kontorsmarknaden, kommer att leda till fler andrahandsuthyrningar och därför en högre nyttjandegrad under kontorstid i Stockholm. Vi anser att dagens förmedlingstjänst för kontorsuthyrning som exempelvis Workaround, erbjuder lösningar på många av de problem som hittills har hämmat utvecklingen för ytterligare andrahandsuthyrning.

Cities drive some of the most urgent sustainability challenges that societies face today, including inequality, resource consumption and climate change. Meanwhile, economic growth is increasingly being viewed as a challenge for sustainable development, generating a call for post-growth transformation. In recent years, the notion of a sharing economy has spread to cities across the globe and has been adopted as a solution for addressing multiple urban sustainability challenges. The sharing economy is often associated with multinational corporations such as Airbnb and Uber, however, there is a parallel movement of emerging social practices. This study investigates the case of the multi-actor sharing economy in Gothenburg, Sweden, in order to assess the capacity of an emerging grassroots movement to contribute to economic transformation towards a post-growth model. The findings demonstrate how the grassroots movement show potential for radical change as they adopt and replicate goals and visions aligning with post-growth transformations. Further, the results show how the movement is reconfiguring urban governance relations through i) transformative leaders and ii) intermediary organizations enabling cross-sectorial actor relations to emerge. However, the findings also point to emerging risks of disempowerment and limited capacity of grassroots which induce three policy suggestions to strengthen the transformative capacity of the movement. These are to i) organize multi-actor exercises that foster collective visions, ii) support the development of co-operative business models for grassroots, and iii) establish a Community Support Centre. The study concludes that Gothenburg is an example of a type of sharing economy with potential for post-growth transformation.

Delningsekonomin och specifikt delningsföretag med tjänster inom resor och turism har påverkats starkt av Covid-19. I samband med detta har därför digitaliseringen påskyndats. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur den digitala delningsplattformen Airbnb fått ställa om och utveckla nya strategier. Syftet är även att undersöka hur digitaliseringen kan påverka Airbnbs framtida koncept gällande boenden och upplevelser. Empiriskt material har samlats in genom 14 kvalitativa mejlintervjuer med företagets värdar som arrangerar digitala upplevelser från olika platser runt om i världen. Materialet kompletteras med två sekundära källor i form av podcastintervjuer med Airbnbs grundare Brian Chesky. Resultatet visade att Airbnb har utvecklat olika strategier för att anpassa sig efter pandemin såsom interna nedskärningar, långtidsboenden och konceptet kring digitala upplevelser. Majoriteten av värdarna är nöjda med det nya konceptet och tror att digitala upplevelser kommer att finnas kvar även efter pandemin. Gällande digitaliseringens framtida effekt på Airbnbs koncept, kan digitaliseringen ha stora effekter på så sätt att fler människor reser fysiskt på grund av att de nu ser möjligheten med att arbeta på distans och ta arbetet med sig på resor. Samtidigt kommer sociala beteenden såsom distansering finnas kvar efter pandemin och alternativ såsom VR och AR kan bli mer aktuellt hos företaget i samband med fortsatta digitala upplevelser. / The sharing economy (SE) and specifically sharing companies with services in travel and tourism have been greatly affected by Covid-19. In connection with this, digitalization has been accelerated. The study aims to examine how the digital platform Airbnb has changed and developed new strategies during the pandemic. The aim is also to investigate how digitalization can affect Airbnb's future concepts regarding accommodation and experiences. Empirical material has been collected through 14 qualitative email interviews with the company's hosts, all of whom arrange digital experiences from different locations around the world. The material is complemented by two secondary sources in the form of podcast interviews with Airbnb founder Brian Chesky. The results showed that Airbnb has developed various strategies to be able to adapt to the pandemic, such as internal cuts, long-term stays and the concept of digital experiences. The majority of the hosts are pleased with the new concept and believe that digital experiences will remain even after the pandemic. Regarding the future effect of digitalization on Airbnb's concepts, digitalization can have major effects in such a way that more people travel physically because they now see the opportunity to work remotely and take the work with them on trips. At the same time, social behaviors such as distancing will remain after the pandemic and alternatives such as VR and AR may become more relevant in the company in connection with continued digital experiences.

The sharing economy, which has been receiving significant attention from research due to its unprecedented growth in the recent past, is being seen as a potential driving force to transform and rethink society’s unsustainable approach to consumption. Especially, the concept of food sharing as part of the sharing economy is being considered as essential for a more sustainable world and thus aims at counteracting the unsustainable consumption behaviour of individuals. Even though the importance of food sharing concepts for society is undisputed, academia lags extensive research of this domain from a consumer perspective.  The aim of this study is to investigate the behavioural intention of consumers to engage and use digital, for profit food sharing platforms in a business to consumer setting to obtain an in-depth understanding of the key determinants by extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Additionally, a cross-cultural comparison has been undertaken to acknowledge the international importance of this field.  For the purpose of data collection, an online survey has been conducted. This yielded 4353 responses of which 2995 have been taken into account for the data analysis procedures in SPSS and SmartPLS. The software SmartPLS has been utilized to perform a partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) assessing the measurement as well as structural model including the testing of the proposed hypotheses. Additionally, a multigroup analysis has been performed to investigate behavioural differences between cultures.  The empirical findings show that perceived usefulness and attitude are the strongest predictors of the behavioural intention followed by perceived behavioural control, economic benefit as well as subjective norm. Moreover, the attitude of consumers is strongly driven by sustainable considerations and the perceived trust of consumers towards digital food sharing platforms. Lastly, no statistically significant moderating effect could be identified with regards to culture.

Today, there has been growing concern on how to live a life more sustainable in terms of people’s needs and consumptions, globally with no exception in Sweden. It is due to the challenges that society faces to ensure the existence of resources availability for current as well as future generation. At the same time, we are looking at an era where the advancement of technology could incentivize people to shift their consumption pattern from acquiring new products to used goods from other peers. This technology provides the possibility for peer communication and matchmaking to exchange goods from local communities to different regions within the country. This practice is widely known as the sharing economy, although many other similar terms are used by academic scholars as well as business practitioners. As of today, several studies have attempted to understand people’s motives for participating in the sharing economy practice. Nevertheless, some other aspects have not been thoroughly researched, such as the social interaction within the practice. Social interaction is perceived as one of the essential features that the sharing economy heavily relies on among the two practitioners. Hence, the main aim of this study is to understand the role of social interaction between peers while outlining the dimensions within an interaction that affects participation. Therefore, a qualitative study was adopted for this thesis by interviewing eight Swedes while observing the second-hand platforms they were exercising. In this study, we adopted the Social Practice Theory as our theoretical framework to comprehend the meaning behind the practitioners’ involvement, the competence they display, and the materials they curate within the practice. The findings of this study illustrated that social interaction was not only an essential part in the second-hand practice, but also inevitable to avoid completely. Furthermore, our empirical findings illustrated social interaction as a gateway to receive financial benefits while simultaneously offering the practitioners the possibility of manifesting their virtues through the practice. Moreover, we also discovered that social interaction was a crucial element for promoting but also preserving practice. The aspect of social interaction makes the involved practitioners need to manage the adequate know-how/understanding and competencies to get benefits from the practice, such as negotiation capability, dispute handling, risk evaluation, and managing overly apprehension. In addition, we found it beneficial to distinguish the buying practice and the selling practice as two different practices instead of a single practice.

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Tidigare forskning kring delningsekonomi visar att bristen på tillit är ett av de största hinderför en lyckad implementering av delningsekonomi. Undersökningen syfte var att identifierafaktorer som bidrar till ökad tillit kring delningsekonomi av varor och tjänster blandstudenterna på studentboendet Rönnen i Malmö. För att identifiera faktorer bedrevs enfokusgrupp med studenter från boendet. Resultaten från fokusgruppen låg till grund förutformning av en enkät som sedan spreds till övriga boende på studentboendet Rönnen. Denteoretiska grunden baserades på Chen, Lai och Lin (2014) tillitsmodell som betonar vikten avtillit till låntagare. Resultaten från undersökningen visar däremot att tillit till förmedlare är avstörre vikt bland de boende på studentboendet Rönnen. Uppsatsens resultat visar att en extern part bör hantera utlåningsprocessen och upprätta kontrakt med personuppgifter mellanutlåningsparterna. / Previous research shows that the lack of trust is one of the biggest challenges when it comes to successfully implement sharing economy. The aim of this study was to identify elements that contributes to an increase in trust towards sharing economy among the residents at the student housing Rönnen in Malmö. To be able to identify elements a focus group was conducted with students from the student housing. The results from the focus group laid the foundation for surveys that was distributed amongst the other residents at the student housing Rönnen. The theoretical foundation of the study was based on Chen, Lai and Lin’s (2014) trust model that emphasizes the importance of the trust in borrower. The results from the study shows that trust in intermediary is of more importance amongst the residents of the student housing Rönnen. The study’s results shows that an extern part should handle the process of borrowing and should execute contracts with personal details between all parties involved.

Sharing Economy as a concept is based on providing a space for individuals that brings them together on a platform providing access to goods/services to both parties. It has grown in popularity since the 2010s due to digitalization and social media. The reason why the sharing economy is growing is due to different stakeholders involved in this concept. For example, it can be said that companies try to boost their brand by incorporating sharing economy in their portfolio or in academics where lots of resources are used in researching this concept as sustainability is trending these days. The consumer plays a role in growing interest in this concept through active participation in this economy. Now with many people involved in sharing economy, it is certain that there are different desires and needs. These desires and needs are known as motivation. Naturally, there are different types of motivations seen in sharing economy. They are economic, critical, and recreational motivation that has been researched extensively by other authors in this domain. This thesis looks at social motivation and in more specific term ‘fashionability’. Fashionability is the motivation that consumers use to ‘be unique’, ‘stand out in a crowd’, and keep up with the trends specifically to second-hand clothes. But to be unique and to stand out, there are activities that are carried out by the consumer in a second-hand store/platform. These activities are known as practices. To understand these practices, a theoretical framework known as Social Practice Theory is used. The aim of the thesis is to understand fashionability in sharing economy and to see how fashionability affects the sharing practices in second-hand consumption. To do this, the researchers have used a qualitative research method to interview active participants of sharing economy. There were ten interviewees sampled, and a semi-structure interview guide was used to understand the interviewees. The findings were that second-hand fashion was seen through different perspectives amongst consumers. Some of them were able to express themselves to enhance their identity. The researchers also analyzed that fashionability was indeed a motivator since this was seen as a starting point towards the consumption of second-hand clothes. There were seven practices found through the results in this thesis. The researchers analyzed these seven practices and theorized the links between these practices needed to be sustained.

This qualitative study looks at host-guest interaction facilitated by the phenomenon of tourism social entrepreneurship through the lens of emotional solidarity. Social entrepreneurship is arguably the social innovation that tourism needs and has become an alternative strategy to develop tourism in host communities with the potential to create positive community change. However, the literature on combining sharing  economy, social or community entrepreneurship and emotional solidarity is scarce. Therefore, this study analyses host-guest interactions facilitated through the socialstart-up socialbnb. Findings from this study indicate that there are at least two crucial criteria forsustainable tourism development and positive community change. First, social entrepreneurship should create and facilitate tourism structures and networks, which avoid the negative impacts of tourism to the residents and instead create social,ecological, and economic benefits for the local community. Perhaps, focusing on theneeds of the local community and creating beneficial host-guest relationships is themost effective way to promote tourism development that is supported by residents.Thus, social entrepreneurship should not only act as a facilitator between guests and the local community but also consider the residents’ attitudes towards tourism development and the actual economic need for tourism in the destination, especially in the Global South.