The agri-food industry is an important economic and social engine in many countries, not only because of its economic importance, but also because of its vital significance. For years, it has been possible to consider that this sector evolution has conducted to the development of centralized and global distribution networks. These global distribution networks, in a market of low value-for-weight products, are more efficient the more centralized their logistics be. This new paradigm has a collateral effect which is the difficult survival of the small producer-sellers with the problems that this entails for citizens as society members. This thesis is part of a project conducted by the Universitat Politècnica de València professors named as HOF3M (Heterarchical Open Food 3-sustainable Market). The project aims to facilitate the development of a triple bottom-line food product market, generating the technological and business bases to reduce entry barriers, so that anyone, anywhere in the world can become an agent that approaches any producer to any consumer. The aim of this thesis is to "provide a methodology for identifying and analysing business models through case studies, with the objective of creating a triple bottom-line, replicable and non-scalable business model bank in the agri-food industry". The application of this methodology provides a tool that facilitates the replicability of business models in the agri-food business context. In addition, it allows to identify those triply sustainable and non-scalable models that can be implemented by consumers, producers and intermediaries. The research work is carried out from literature reviews to understand the business models scope, triple bottom-line business and the context of the agri-food economy, as well as the application of the case study research methodology, for which the proposal is validated. This thesis gives three fundamental contributions: a methodology to identify and analyse a business model through study cases, a triple bottom-line assessment model within the agri-food economy framework, and three food retailing business model analysis. / El sector agroalimentario supone un importante motor económico y social en muchos países, no solo por su relevancia económica, sino también por su significado vital. Desde hace años se puede considerar que la evolución del sector ha derivado en el desarrollo de redes de distribución centralizadas y globales. Estas redes de distribución globales, en un mercado de productos de bajo ratio valor/peso, son más eficientes cuanto más centralizada esté su logística. Este nuevo paradigma tiene como efecto colateral la difícil pervivencia del pequeño productor-vendedor con los problemas que esto supone para el ciudadano en cuanto a miembro de la sociedad. Esta tesis se enmarca en un proyecto de profesores de la Universitat Politècnica de València denominado HOF3M (Heterarchical Open Food 3-sustainable Market). El proyecto tiene el objetivo de facilitar el desarrollo de un mercado triplemente sostenible de productos alimentarios, generando las bases tecnológicas y de negocio que reduzcan las barreras de entrada para que, cualquiera, en cualquier lugar del planeta pueda convertirse en un agente que acerque cualquier productor a cualquier consumidor. El objetivo de esta tesis se concreta en "proporcionar una metodología para la identificación y el análisis de modelos de negocio, a través del estudio de casos prácticos en empresas, con el objeto de confeccionar un banco de modelos de negocio triplemente sostenibles, replicables y no escalables en el sector agroalimentario". La aplicación de esta metodología proporciona una herramienta que facilita la replicabilidad de modelos de negocio en el tejido empresarial agroalimentario. Además, permite identificar aquellos modelos triplemente sostenibles y no escalables, que pueden ser implementados por consumidores, productores e intermediarios. El trabajo de investigación se realiza desde las revisiones de literatura para el entendimiento del ámbito de los modelos de negocio, de la triple sostenibilidad empresarial y del contexto de la economía agroalimentaria, además de la aplicación de la metodología de investigación a tres casos de estudio, con los cuales se valida la propuesta. De esta tesis se extraen tres aportaciones fundamentales: una metodología para identificar y analizar un modelo de negocio a través de casos de estudio, un modelo de evaluación de la triple sostenibilidad en el marco de la economía agroalimentaria, y tres análisis de modelos de negocio de venta al por menor de alimentos. / El sector agroalimentari suposa un important motor econòmic i social en molts països, no només per la seva rellevància econòmica, sinó també pel seu significat vital. Des de fa anys es pot considerar que l'evolució del sector ha derivat en el desenrotllament de xarxes de distribució centralitzades i globals. Estes xarxes de distribució globals, en un mercat de productes de baix ràtio valor/pes, són mes eficients quant mes centralitzada estiga la seua logística. Este nou paradigma té com a efecte col·lateral la difícil pervivència del xicotet productor-venedor amb els problemes que açò suposa per al ciutadà quant a membre de la societat. Esta tesi s'emmarca en un projecte de professors de la Universitat Politècnica de València denominat HOF3M (Heterarchical Open Food 3-sustainable Market). El projecte té l'objectiu de facilitar el desenrotllament d'un mercat triplement sostenible de productes alimentaris, generant les bases tecnològiques i de negoci que reduïsquen les barreres d'entrada perquè, qualsevol, en qualsevol lloc del planeta puga convertir-se en un agent que acoste qualsevol productor a qualsevol consumidor. L'objectiu d'esta tesi es concreta en "proporcionar una metodologia per a la identificació i l'anàlisi de models de negoci, a través de l'estudi de casos pràctics en empreses, amb l'objecte de confeccionar un banc de models de negoci triplement sostenibles, replicables i no escalables en el sector agroalimentari". L'aplicació d'esta metodologia proporciona una ferramenta que facilita la replicabilidad de models de negoci en el teixit empresarial agroalimentari. A més, permet identificar aquells models triplement sostenibles i no escalables, que poden ser implementats per consumidors, productor i intermediaris. El treball d'investigació es realitza des de les revisions de literatura per a l'enteniment de l'àmbit dels models de negoci, de la triple sostenibilitat empresarial i del context de l'economia agroalimentària, a més de l'aplicació de la metodologia d'investigació a tres casos d'estudi, amb els quals es valida la proposta. D'esta tesi s'extrauen tres aportacions fonamentals: una metodologia per a identificar i analitzar un model de negoci a través de casos d'estudi, un model d'avaluació de la triple sostenibilitat en el marc de l'economia agroalimentària, i tres anàlisis de models de negoci de venda al detall d'aliments. / Galeano Revert, AM. (2017). PROPUESTA DE METODOLOGIA PARA LA IDENTIFICACION Y EL ANALISIS DE MODELOS DE NEGOCIO TRIPLEMENTE SOSTENIBLES EN EL SECTOR AGROALIMENTARIO [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/88395

This qualitative case study examines technology-facilitated gender-based violence in relation to network hospitality platform Couchsurfing.com. Motivated by experiences of many women, including my own, and an identified research gap in the academia on the topic, the research seeks to understand how Couchsurfing.com facilitates gender-based violence, with a specific focus on women. The present research is based on a single, explanatory case study methodology, focused on the thematic of analysis of the podcast “Verified”, concerning the case of Italian Couchsurfer and policeman Dino Maglio, who systematically drugged and sexually assaulted his Couchsurfing guests. Key findings highlight how Couchsurfing enabled and perpetuated gender-based violence, by not preventing the creation of new profiles and possible retaliation against negative references, and most importantly, by never admitting to any responsibility. While this violence was facilitated by Couchsurfing.com, other hegemonic social structures and institutions were found in the study to be further perpetuating this violence, in particular the police and the judiciary system. While acknowledging the limitation of a single case study, this master’s thesis contributes to an ever-increasing body of literature on technology-facilitated gender-based violence by shedding light on the different dynamics at play in an online-to-offline Couchsurfing exchange.

近年來，電動車與電動機車發展及應用儼然已成為世界潮流，在機車密度極高且擁有「機車王國」稱號的台灣，電動機車技術日新月異，也發展出多樣化商業模式，其中最著名莫過於電動機車電池租賃商業模式，以及共享商業模式。 本研究旨在利用成本效益分析中的淨現值法及益本比法，模擬分析機車使用者以電動機車代替傳統燃油機車，為使用者自己及整體社會帶來之淨現值。在電動機車方面，本研究分析兩種電動機車商業模式，分別為「電動機車電池租賃商業模式」及「共享電動機車商業模式」。 本研究結果顯示，在使用者立場下，目前電動機車成本依舊大於傳統125C.C.燃油機車之成本，且「電動機車電池租賃商業模式」較適合每個月騎乘里程較長之使用者，而「共享電動機車商業模式」較適合每個月騎乘里程較短之使用者。此外，敏感度分析顯示出，在「電動機車電池租賃商業模式」下，騎乘里程長度與NPV及BCR均呈現正相關。在「共享電動機車商業模式」下，每個月騎乘里程為100公里之使用者，在共享電動機車計價方式為每分鐘2.25元之方案下，使用者之NPV>0及BCR>1，並且騎乘里程越短之使用者，其對共享電動機車計價變動的益本比敏感程度越高(當價格下降時，益本比上升較高)。 最後，在整體社會立場下，利用「電動機車電池租賃商業模式」替換傳統燃油機車且騎乘里程越高之使用者，對整體社會帶來之淨現值越高。而利用「共享電動機車商業模式」替換傳統燃油機車且騎乘里程越低之使用者，越具有經濟效益。 / In recent years, the development and application of electric vehicles and electric scooters have become popuplar. In Taiwan, where scooter density is very high and is also called a "scooter kingdom", electric scooter technology is not only improving, but also developing a diversified business model. Particularly, two of the most famous business models are “Electric scooter battery rental business model” and “Sharing electric scooter business model”. The purpose of this study is to use the net present value method and the benefit ratio method in the cost-benefit analysis. We analysis the user's own benefits and the overall social net benefits which are generated from the scooter users replacing traditional fuel scooter with electric scooter. In the field of electric scooters, this study analyzes two business models of electric scooters, “Electric scooter battery rental business model” and “Sharing electric scooter business model”. According to the simulation result of empirical analysis, for the users, the current cost of electric scooters is still higher than the cost of traditional 125C.C. fuel scooters. “Electric scooter battery rental business model” is more suitable for people who have higher accumulated distance per month, and “Sharing electric scooter business model” is more suitable for people who have lower accumulated distance per month . On the other hand, according to the result of sensitivity analysis, the accumulated distance is positively correlated with NPV and BCR in the “Electric scooter battery rental business model”. In the “Sharing electric scooter business model”, those who ride 100 km per month have NPV> 0 and BCR> 1 in the pricing of NT$2.25 per minute. Besides, those who ride 100 km per month have higher sensitivity of pricing. For the overall society, those who use the "Electric scooter battery rental business model" to replace the traditional fuel scooter and have higher accumulated distance per month can generate higher net benefits to the whole society. Those who use the "Sharing electric scooter business model" to replace the traditional fuel scooter and have lower accumulated distance per month can generate higher net benefits to the whole society.

This senior thesis in environmental analysis explores the promise of sustainability of the sharing economy, its shortcomings from this positive potential, and possible policy solutions to help it reach its fullest, positive potential. At its core, the sharing economy enables shared access to goods and services that would otherwise sit in idle or underutilized capacity – popular platforms such as Uber, Lyft, Airbnb, and craigslist all fall within the sharing economy. By enabling affordable and convenient access to goods that would otherwise sit idle, the sharing economy encourages maximal use of a good that already exists rather than seeking out the production of new goods to meet demand. Unfortunately, as it grows, the sharing economy moves away from this key environmental promise because of two central challenges: first, a shift away from maximal resource use, the central pillar of its promise of sustainability, and second, negative side effects that arise from a lack of regulation of the decentralized economy. Therefore, appropriate public policy is needed to both regulate the decentralized economy to minimize negative behaviors and to encourage the positive behaviors of the sharing economy.

Submitted by Gilmara Espino (gilmara.espino@gpes.com.br) on 2018-06-13T23:25:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ESPINO_Economia compartilhada(2).pdf: 3950663 bytes, checksum: 40cfe7ac547a831cd83185c617d92725 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-06-14T00:56:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ESPINO_Economia compartilhada(2).pdf: 3950663 bytes, checksum: 40cfe7ac547a831cd83185c617d92725 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-06-14T17:09:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ESPINO_Economia compartilhada(2).pdf: 3950663 bytes, checksum: 40cfe7ac547a831cd83185c617d92725 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T17:09:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ESPINO_Economia compartilhada(2).pdf: 3950663 bytes, checksum: 40cfe7ac547a831cd83185c617d92725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-13 / Avaliar a atratividade de um mercado é fundamental em decisões sobre investimento em uma determinada empresa ou segmento de negócio. Setores específicos requerem conhecimentos particulares, nem sempre percebidos em estudos de viabilidade conduzidos com base em premissas generalistas. Recentemente, um súbito crescimento da oferta de novas empresas de economia compartilhada competindo como plataformas de agendamento de consultas médicas fez levantar a questão sobre a atratividade desse negócio para o mercado de saúde. Esse estudo apresenta os fatores sociais, econômicos e tecnológicos que explicam essa intensificação de competidores e, também, as barreiras que ainda dificultam a expansão dessas plataformas no Brasil. Mais do que compreender o fenômeno, os resultados apresentam um cenário atual sobre o ambiente de saúde e percepção dos usuários. É, portanto, conhecimento que pode ser aplicado a estudos de viabilidade de outros produtos ou serviços que desejam competir no segmento de saúde. A análise, embasada na literatura pesquisada e nos dados combinados de questionário dirigido, entrevista e cliente oculto, conclui pela tendência de arrefecimento do interesse em investimentos em empresas que atuem exclusivamente como plataformas de agendamento de consultas, e aponta para uma organização do mercado mais concentrada, com pequenos concorrentes diversificando seus produtos e serviços para se manterem competindo. / The assessment of a market attractiveness is critical when deciding to invest in a new company or business segment. Specific sectors require specific knowledge, not always perceived in feasibility studies conducted on generalist assumptions. Recently, a sudden expansion of sharing economy companies offering online scheduling medical platforms has raised the issue of this particular market. This study presents the social, economic and technological factors that explain the increase of competitors and also explore the existing market barriers that makes the diffusion of this kind of platform so difficult in Brazil. More than understanding the phenomenon, the outcome presents a current overview about the Brazilian health environment and the users’ perception. Therefore, it’s a knowledge that can be applied to feasibility studies of other products or services that wish to compete in the Health sector. The analysis based on evidence from researched literature, interviews, survey and observation (hidden customer) concludes in direction to the lessen of interest by investments in companies that act exclusively on online-scheduling medical platforms based on sharing economy; and point to a more concentrated market with fewer small competitors who need to diversify their products and services in order to keep themselves competitive.

Crowdsourcing och den kollaborativa ekonomin är modeller för öppen innovation som blir allt mer centrala i ett samhälle som står inför morgondagens utmaningar. För att ta itu med globala problem krävs det ett globalt samarbete och ett gemensamt ansvar, där delningsekonomin kan bli avgörande. I denna kvantitativa undersökning svarar vi på frågeställningen om hur upptagandet av och beslutsfattandet kring kollaborativa tjänsteinnovationer kan se ut när vi låter 50 studenter ta del av en kollaborativ tjänsteinnovation. Vi undersöker några befintliga kollaborativa tjänster, redogör för relevanta begrepp och visar på hur Diffusion of innovations kan användas för att förstå något så komplext som hur innovationer kan upptas och spridas i sociala system. Vidare visar vi hur ramverk för konceptualisering av crowdsourcing kan användas för att förstå hur miljöaspekten och viljan att samarbeta kan driva en stor grupp människor till att dela på kompetens, resurser och kunskap. Slutsatser och ett innovationsbidrag lyfts fram som kan hjälpa företag att förstå hur crowdsourcing kan användas och de villkor som spelar roll för individers upptagande. / Crowdsourcing and the sharing economy are essential models for open innovation when facing the challenges of tomorrow. Dealing with global problems require global cooperation and common responsibility, where the sharing economy may become crucial. In this quantitative study we examine how the adoption and decision-making process occurs when we let 50 students take part in a collaborative service innovation. We look at some already existing collaborative innovations, explain relevant concepts and show how Diffusion of innovations can be used to understand something as complex as adoption and diffusion of service innovations in social systems. Furthermore, we show how the framework for conceptualization of crowdsourcing can be used to understand how the environmental aspect and the willingness to cooperate can drive a crowd to share skills, resources and knowledge. Conclusions are presented and a contribution to help crowdsourcing ventures and collaborative networks is highlighted to understand individual adoption and the preconditions that affects their decision-making.

共享經濟為近幾年廣為討論的議題之一，本研究欲以Uber、Airbnb等媒合共享服務類型的網路平台，探討使用者採用共享平台的相關因素為研究方向，從價值觀點出發，考量使用者認知犧牲及認知效益，以交易成本作為採用共享平台服務所認知的犧牲，又將認知的效益分為經濟效益與非經濟效益兩種影響層面，來綜合評估使用者對於整體共享產品服務的認知價值，透過認知價值進而探討影響使用者採用共享平台的參與意圖。其中，交易成本又會受到不確定性和資產特殊性所影響。 本研究將共享平台提供的產品及服務假設五種情境，共收集476份有效問卷樣本回收分析，研究結果發現，使用者採用共享平台時認知的交易成本越低或使用者認知利益越大時，獲得的認知價值越高。其中又以認知效益對於價值感受的影響程度又比使用者認知所做出的犧牲更強。 / Sharing economy is an emerging trend with rapid growth. Many firms such as Uber and Airbnb have taken advantage of the sharing platform to provide innovative services. However, many more have failed after a substantial amount of investment. Not much research has conducted with regard to why consumers chose to use some sharing services but not others. In this research, the value-based perspective and the transaction cost theory are adopted to build a research model for explaining users’ intention to accept a sharing platform. In our model, transaction costs of using the sharing platform is considered as a sacrifice, while economic and non-economic benefits are the benefit side of the model. Uncertainty and asset specificity are considered two main factors that affect the transaction cost. A questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the research model. A total of 476 responses were received. SmartPLS3.0 was used to analyzed the data. The results indicate that perceived value is negatively affected by the transaction cost and positively affected by benefits gained from the platform. Perceived value has a significant effect on users’ intention to adopt a service provided on a sharing platform.

Begreppet hushållsavfall och därmed jämförligt avfall från annan verksamhet infördes i svensk lagstiftning genom kommunala renhållningslagen (1970:892) på 70-talet. En skyldighet att bortforsla och hantera hushållsavfall och därmed jämförligt avfall från annan verksamhet ålades kommunerna samtidigt som ett förbud för andra att hantera avfallet lagfästes. Dokumentation över visst offentligtansvar för avfallshantering i Sverige finns daterat så långt tillbaka som på 1300-talet. På den tiden var renhållning avfallshanteringens främsta syfte vilken efterhölls på grund av sanitära skäl. Avfallslagstiftningen tjänar fortsatt att motverka nedskräpning, men idag är därutöver syftet med det kommunala avfallsmonopolet och omhändertagandeförbudet, skyddet för människors hälsa och miljön. Hushållsavfall och därmed jämförligt avfall från annan verksamhet vilket omfattas av det kommunala avfallsmonopolet definieras i 15 kap. 3 § miljöbalken (1998:808). Hushållsavfall är ett snävare begrepp än avfall, vilket innebär att avfallet först måste falla under avfallsdefinitionen för att komma i fråga som hushållsavfall. Tolkningen av avfallsdefinitionen har till stor del fastslagits genom EU-domstolens praxis. I Sverige råder sedan 70-talet oklarhet om vilket avfall som omfattas av därmed jämförligt avfall från annan verksamhet i 15 kap. 3 § MB och således omfattas av det kommunala avfallsmonopolet. Konsekvensen är att kommuner och verksamhetsutövare saknar kunskap om sina rättigheter och skyldigheter, vilket i sin tur leder till konflikter mellan verksamheter och kommuner. Eftersom avfall av given anledning inte hanteras på ett optimalt miljömässigt sätt, undergrävs i längden miljöbalkens syfte, att skydda människors hälsa och miljön. Flera områden av avfallshanteringen regleras idag av EU-rättsliga bestämmelser. Avfallshierarkin i artikel 4 Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2008/98/EG av den 19 november 2008 om avfall och om upphävande av vissa direktiv1 (avfallsdirektivet) implementerades i 15 kap. 10 § MB genom SFS 2016:7822. Avfallshierarkin är en av flera viktiga principer i avfallsdirektivet, genom vilken en prioriteringsordning fastställs för vad som allmänt utgör det totalt sett bästa miljöalternativet inom lagstiftning och politik på avfallsområdet. Kommunens avfallsmonopol och avfallsdirektivet har skyddsintresset för hälsa och miljö gemensamt. I uppsatsen visas att svensk rätt sedan 2018 tillämpats i förenlighet med avfallshierarkin. I de fall var verksamheter visat att de hanterar deras avfall jämförligt med hushållsavfall enligt en metod med högre prioritet enligt avfallshierarkin än den kommunen eller dess anlitade entreprenör kunnattillgodose har verksamheterna givits dispens från det kommunala avfallsmonopolet. Något som kan ifrågasättas är att verksamhetsutövare i dagsläget fordras genomgå ett dispensansökningsförfarande för att tillåtas ansvara för det egna hushållsavfallet. För närvarande pågår nationella åtgärder för ytterligare tillnärmning av svensk lagstiftning till avfallsdirektivets syfte och ändamål samtförbättring av genomförandet i svensk rätt.

In an age where the sharing economy has proliferated as a preferred means of travel in the tourism industry, and the accommodation sharing platform Airbnb has risen to the forefront, there is much criticism and discussion about the need for such nascent platforms to operate in alignment with sustainable development. Currently, economic benefits for the host and guest lie at the core of Airbnb’s sustainability appeal, while few concrete steps have been taken to advance environmental and social values. Many have proposed a green rating system and sustainability-oriented search filters as a means to propagate these values and catalyze a necessary paradigm shift within the sharing economy. Through the lens of green architecture and construction, this study analyzes the extent and manner in which sustainability features and amenities are promoted by hosts on Airbnb in the high-desert mountain town of Taos, New Mexico. This case study approach selects and intriguing destination that is not only characterized by a long history of earthen building traditions by the Tiwa people, but was also the birthplace of the world-renowned, off-the-grid Earthship concept. An analysis of all active Airbnb listings was compared with a more targeted analysis of off-the-grid listings to reveal that hosts more often than not frame their sustainability features and amenities in terms of visitor comfort, convenience, and enjoyment. For instance, the valorization of earthen adobe building for its authenticity and cultural appeal in lieu of its energy efficient and natural qualities. This indicated a high level of unexploited potential, wherein hosts could enhance their listing’s sustainability appeal and educational value through reframing these features to potential guests, and off-the-grid listings could benefit from implementing and promoting sustainable practices and emphasizing the local culture. Most importantly, after quantitively analyzing the features that arose, this study assembled the content basis for a theoretical green rating system and sustainability search filters that could be applied to Taos as a localized system, or merely provide insight to other destinations and the Airbnb platform as a whole.

The purpose of our thesis was to examine citizens' attitude in a smaller city to new digital innovations, specifically autonomous vehicles and carpools, as well as opinions about citizens' participation. Through a web-based questionnaire, which was distributed on social media, as well as a discussion group on Facebook, an understanding was formed about the human acceptance, motivation factors, views and mobility habits. This was then analyzed to create an understanding of how a citizen dialogue should be conducted in social media. In line with this, we examined whether connections regarding human acceptance of new digital innovations can be affected, depending on how the dialogue is conducted and how much information the citizens are provided with. The result showed a clear relationship between knowledge and attitude, where a little knowledge created a more negative opinion. Other interesting discoveries that were identified, were that people see both problem areas and opportunities with a more digitized society. We also found how the respondents wanted increased participation, and that citizens' views are taken into account and have a clear impact on urban development. Finally, we conclude that the degree of citizens' participation and how the dialogue is conducted, shape their acceptance and understanding of changes in society and mobility solutions. The research area on human acceptance, participation and dialogue on autonomous vehicles and carpools is an emerging area of research. This means that the essay is exploratory which can enable further and more in-depth research. / Syftet med vår uppsats var att undersöka medborgare i en mindre stads inställning till nya digitala innovationer, specifikt autonoma fordon och bilpooler, samt åsikter kring medborgares delaktighet. Genom ett webbaserat frågeformulär, som distribuerades på sociala medier, samt en diskussionsgrupp på Facebook, bildades uppfattning kring människans acceptans, motivationsfaktorer, synpunkter och mobilitetsvanor. Sedan analyserades detta för att skapa en förståelse kring hur en medborgardialog bör föras i sociala medier. I linje med det undersöktes även samband om människans acceptans till nya digitala innovationer påverkas, beroende på hur dialogen förs och hur mycket information medborgarna tillhandahålls. Resultatet visade en tydlig relation mellan kännedom och inställning, där en liten kännedom skapade en mer negativ åsikt. Andra intressanta upptäckter som identifierades var att människor ser både problemområden och möjligheter med ett mer digitaliserat samhälle. Vi fann även att respondenterna önskade en ökad inkludering, samt att medborgares synpunkter beaktas och har en tydlig påverkan inom stadsutveckling. Avslutningsvis drar vi slutsatsen att graden av medborgarnas delaktighet och hur dialogen förs, formar deras acceptans samt förståelse för samhällsomställningar och mobilitetslösningar. Forskningsområdet kring människans acceptans, delaktighet och dialog kring autonoma fordon och bilpooler är ett växande undersökningsområde. Det gör att uppsatsen är explorativ vilket kan möjliggöra ytterligare och en mer djupgående forskning.