The aim of the work is to create an application for a smart watch, which will allow you to measure races and trainings, or create localization data for this activity. The application is implemented for mobile devices with the Android and iOS operating systems. The Wear OS operating system is supported for smart watches. The thesis describes the theory of programming for mobile operating systems and programming for the operating system Wear OS. The practical part describes the design, implementation and testing. For the implementation of the mobile application as well as for the smart watch application I decided to choose Flutter framework and programming language Dart. The resulting application allow users to measure races and workouts.

Adherence to medication is generally described as a huge problem in the health care system. The term adherence is generally preferred by many health care providers as the word 'compliance' describes a patient who is passively taking medication as advised/ordered by the doctor. This thesis goes in depth in identifying the problems faced to achieve maximum adherence to medication and the important factors contributing to it. The objective is to come up with an alternative approach to help improve medical adherence using a smart watch based application that reminds patients to consume their medicines in a timely fashion. It addresses precisely which medication to take and in what quantity. This form of reporting and alerting is believed to achieve higher levels of adherence based on grounded theory. Shedding light on the methodologies used while clearly identifies the assumptions and limitations such a system can have.

A tool allowing the prediction of the risk of bleeding in patients with hemophilia would be relevant for patients, stakeholders, and policymakers. We performed a systematic review of the literature searching for available risk assessment models to predict the risk of bleeding in people living with hemophilia, and to determine the key risk factors that the ideal model should include. We also systematically review the literature to determine the acceptability and accuracy of wrist-wearable devices to measure physical activity in the general population. Finally, we validated the performance of a risk assessment model for the prediction of the risk for bleeding in people living with hemophilia. We identified the following risk factors for bleeding in people living with hemophilia: plasma factor levels, history of bleeds, physical activity, antithrombotic treatment, and obesity. The FitBit Charge and FitBit Charge HR are the most accurate devices for measuring steps, and the Apple Watch is the most accurate for measuring heart rate. No device proved to be accurate in measuring energy expenditure. The predictive accuracy of the risk assessment model that we validated does not endorse its use to drive decision making on treatment strategies based on the predicted number of bleeds. This might in part be explained by the methods used in the derivation phase. The need for an accurate risk assessment model to predict the risk of bleeding in people living with hemophilia is still unmet. This should be done by including the relevant risk factors identified through our work, with data on physical activity possibly collected using an accurate wrist-wearable device, and through the application of rigorous methods in the derivation and validation phases. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / People living with hemophilia lack a coagulation factor and tend to experience spontaneous bleeds, with frequency and intensity that vary between individuals. Predicting who will experience more bleeds would allow for changing the treatment strategies and directing the best resources to the persons that can benefit more. Through this project, we identified the variables that should be considered to estimate the risk for bleeding in people living with hemophilia, namely the blood levels of the lacking coagulation factor, the bleeding history, the physical activity levels, the concomitant treatment with blood thinners, and the presence of obesity. We determined that Fitbit Charge and Charge HR are the most accurate devices for measuring steps and Apple Watch for heart rate. Lastly, we found that an existing tool for predicting the risk of bleeding is not accurate enough to be used in this setting, and a new model should be produced.

The market for wearable devices is continuously growing and has seen an in- crease in interest and demand this past year, specifically smartwatch devices. With several big players entering and trying to take place in the market the number of devices and platforms grow. This leads to device and software fragmentation like the one seen in the world of smartphones. In this paper I discuss and compare the two smartwatch platforms Android Wear and Apple Watch in terms of possibilities, limitations and differences. Research is done to find cross-platform development possibilities for these platforms. Extensive theoretical background of both APIs is researched and presented. An app for both smartwatch platforms is developed with integration of the WebSocket protocol to function as a remote control for a Video-On-Demand web service. This is done to showcase the cross-platform possibilities and differences of the platforms. As a result the biggest differences are out- lined and a conclusion is made that cross-platform development for these platforms can be challenging but is possible on certain levels.

In the past years, utilization of ECG for verification and identification in biometry is investigated. The topic is investigated in this thesis. Recordings from ECG ID database from PhysioNet and our own ECG recordings recorded using Apple Watch 4 are used for training and testing this method. Many of the existing methods have proven the possibility of using ECG for biometry, however they were using clinical ECG devices. This thesis investigates using recordings from wearable devices, specifically smart watch. 16 features are extracted from ECG recordings and a random forest classifier is used for verification and identification. The features include time intervals between fiducial points, voltage difference between fiducial points and PR intervals variability in a recording. The average performance of verification model of 14 people is TRR 96,19 %, TAR 84,25 %.

SmartWatches are watches with the property that they can connect to internet.The interest and market for smartwatches has increased remarkably over the pastfew years. However, most of today's solutions cover only the frequency bandsBluetooth (BT) and Global Positioning System(GPS). A desired property of thenext generation of smartwatches is to include additional frequency bands suchas Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM) and Third Generation (3G)cellular bands, so that the Smart Watch can become independent of a smartphone.This sets new challenges for antenna design in small regions. The limited sizetogether with the increased bandwidth demand causes the major problem.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the antenna concept for wrist wear-able devices that has earlier been developed by the RF team at Sunway Commu-nication AB in Stockholm. The main objective of this project is to study howthis antenna concept can be changed to achieve a given set of requirements onfrequency, bandwidth and eciency. Characteristic Mode Analysis and antennaquality factor calculated from the input impedance, are tools used to help under-stand and improve the characteristics of the antenna.A decomposition method and a parametric study were initially applied to theplanar version of the antenna concept. We investigated then the inuence of theposition of the feeds and the slot that separates the two antenna elements. Anoptimised design of the planar antenna was achieved based on the results fromthose studies. Four prototypes of this antenna were built and measured in the RFlaboratory in Kista.The possibility of miniaturization was studied through simulations by analysingthe eect of using a higher dielectric constant material in the antenna. Two dif-ferent arrangements were investigated. The eect of bending the antenna to t ona human wrist was also investigated, where a frequency shift was observed in theresults. The change in bandwidth of the dierent modes is related to the changein the stored energy of the antenna caused by the bending.We made a prototype of the planar antenna that shows a good agreement withsimulation results and fulls the basic requirements on frequency, bandwidth andeciency. We also found that the addition of a shorting pin showed a bandwidthimprovement of the high-band port and we showed through simulation that it ispossible to reduce the size of the antenna by adding a layer of PCABS material.

This study concerns design thinking and how to achieve usability when designing applicationsfor smart watches. The study's focus is on interaction and design for online auctionapplications such as Ebay and Tradera. After studying usability and design for devices withsmall screens, guidelines and design principles for interactive systems, we developed apaperprototype for an auction application. The prototype was used for testing our intervieweeswhile observing and asking questions. After collecting the data we analyzed the responses andfeedback on our prototype and combined the results to previous studies. Based on the analysisand discussion of the results from the interviews and observation of our prototype, we came toa conclusion in design thinking for applications to smart watches. Usability is achieved byselecting the key features and allowing the interaction to be short and the graphical design tobe simple by designing according to glanceability so the user can interpret notifications in aglance and understand what to do in just a few swipes. / Denna studie berör hur man ska tänka när man designar applikationer för smartklockor så de uppnår användbarhet. Studiens fokus ligger på interaktion och design för onlineauktioner såsom Ebay och Tradera. Efter att ha studerat användbarhet och design för enheter med småskärmar samt riktlinjer och designprinciper för interaktiva system tog vi fram en prototyp i papper. Prototypen lät vi testa under observation i samband med intervjuer på testpersoner. Efter att vi sammanställt all data har vi analyserat svaren utifrån vår prototyp samt återkopplat resultatet till tidigare studier. Utifrån analys och diskussion kring resultatet från intervju och observation av vår prototyp kommer vi till en slutsats i designtänk för applikationer till smartklockor. Användbarhet uppnås genom att välja nyckelfunktioner och låta interaktionen vara kort men enkel samt designa enligt glanceability vilket innebär att användaren genom ett ögonkast kan se, tolka och uppfatta vad som ska göras, för att sedan utföra det i ett svep.

This thesis project was conveyed in collaboration with Block Zero, a strategic Design Studio in Malmö, Sweden, with the purpose to design a product that develops a new type of interaction within the Smart Home. This design project will primarily focus on the research, exploration and definition of possible solutions, and the resulting design and development of the final product, a Smart Home Health Hub. From a global perspective, throughout the following document is covered a description of the design process from initial research to the final prototype. The project is defined in this approach and establishes the mentioned principles to guide the execution of the project through a deductive method, synthesising until the final result.

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The ownership and demand for fitness trackers, smartwatches, and wrist-worn deviceshave been increasing globally. These devices offer various features such as measuringphysical activity, sleep monitoring, and health-related measurements like heart rate andheart rate variability using PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG). However, research indicatesthat PPG measurements are less accurate on darker skin compared to lighter skin due to thehigher presence of melanin, a light-absorbing substance in dark skin.This thesis addresses the impact of melanin on the accuracy of heart rate measurements ondifferent skin colors using four commercial smartwatches, Apple Watch Series 5, FitbitCharge 2, Xiaomi Miband 3, and Sony mSafety. The study involves analyzing the accuracyof these smartwatches on individuals with varying skin colors while controlling forexternal factors. The collected data from the smartwatches are compared to a referencesensor that uses electrocardiography (ECG) measurements with electrodes placed aroundthe chest. Three different tests are conducted wearing the devices, with no movement,while walking, and with circular hand motions.The tests were conducted on twelve participants representing the 6 different skin typescategorized using the Fitzpatrick scale. With the presented results in this thesis, it wasconcluded that the 4 smartwatches' measurement accuracy does not seem to be dependenton specific skin types. Ranked in terms of Mean Absolute Error (MAE), the Apple Watchshowed the lowest value, followed by Xiaomi, Fitbit and the mSafety and that the accuracydid not depend on skin color. / Ägandet och efterfrågan av smartklockor har ökat globalt. Dessa enheter erbjuder olikafunktioner som mäter fysisk aktivitet, övervakning av sömn och hälsorelaterade mätningarsom puls och hjärtfrekvensvariabilitet med hjälp av PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG).Forskning har dock visat att PPG-mätningar är mindre noggranna på mörkare hud jämförtmed ljusare hud på grund av den högre närvaron av substansen melanin, ettljusabsorberande ämne.Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka påverkan av melanin på noggrannheten i pulsmätningar på olika hudfärger med hjälp av fyra kommersiella smartklockor: Apple WatchSeries 5, Fitbit Charge 2, Xiaomi Miband 3 och mSafety av Sony. Arbetet inkluderar enanalys av dessa smartklockors noggrannhet på personer med de olika hudfärger samtidigtsom externa faktorer som kan påverka noggrannheten kontrolleras. De insamlade data frånsmartklockorna jämförs med en referenssensor, Polar band, som använderelektrokardiografimätningar (ECG) med elektroder. Tre olika tester utförs med enheterna,utan rörelse, medan man går och med cirkulära handrörelser.Testerna utfördes på tolv deltagare som representerar olika hudtyper kategoriserade enligtFitzpatrick-skalan. Utifrån de presenterade resultaten i denna avhandling drogs slutsatsenatt de fyra smartklockornas mätnoggrannhet inte verkar vara beroende av specifikahudtyper. Rankade i termer av Mean Absolute Error (MAE) visade Apple Watch det lägstavärdet, följt av Xiaomi, Fitbit och mSafety.