Cette recherche propose d’interroger l’activité rap montréalaise d’un point de vue sociodiscursif et à l’aune du genre, à travers le prisme des pratiques, des représentations, des expériences et des trajectoires de rappeuses à Montréal. Inscrite dans le champ de la sociolinguistique et arrimée aux, ancrages théoriques et épistémologiques qui envisagent le genre comme un rapport social coproduit et les subjectivités en tant que traversées des rapports sociaux, mais jamais Pleinement déterminées par ces derniers, cette étude se base sur une enquête de terrain réalisée en 2011 auprès de rappeuses à Montréal. Axée sur un corpus discursif et interprété selon une méthode qui croise analyse du discours et analyse de contenu thématique, elle engage une approche des phénomènes et des processus à l’œuvre en tant qu’ils sont territorialisés.Les pratiques, les expériences et les représentations des rappeuses seront envisagées dans un contexte marqué par leur « rareté ». Il sera constaté qu’outre une actualisation des rapports sociaux de sexe, les pratiques et les expériences des rappeuses sont aussi impactées par les enjeux sociolinguistiques de l’espace montréalais, ainsi que par ce qui relève du concept de québéquicité. Ainsi, les rappeuses composent leurs pratiques et leurs trajectoires en étant toujours situées à une place unique, dynamique et forcément ambivalente au sein de la matrice de la domination, et qui se façonne notamment par l’imbrication du genre, du langage, des représentations sur le rap, et des héritages d’une idéologie de la francophonie canadienne-française, que réactualise notamment le concept de québéquicité contemporain. / This research offers a socio-discursive insight on the Montréal rap scene, by looking into the practices, representations, experiences and trajectories of female rappers in Montréal, through the prism of gender. Grounded in the field of sociolinguistics – and even more so in urban sociolinguistics for the originality of its questionings – and anchored to the theoretical and epistemological frameworks that envisage gender as a coproduced social relation (“rapport social”) and subjectivities as permeated by social relations, but never completely determined by them, this study is based on a fieldwork among female Montréal rappers, which took place in 2011. Based on a discursive corpus, interpreted using both discourse analysis and thematic analysis, it engages an interpretation of the phenomena and of the processes as territorialized. The practices, experiences and representations of the female rappers will be analyzed in a context marked by their scarcity. Beside the actualization of gender relations and formation processes, I find that the sociolinguistic features of Montréal’s social space, and what is referred to as “québéquicity”, also impact the practices and the experiences of the rappers. Thus, the rappers compose their practices and their trajectories while being constantly positioned in a unique, dynamic, and bound to be ambivalent place inside the “matrix of domination”, shaped by the interweaving of gender, language, perspectives on rap music, and the heritage of an ideology of the French-Canadian “francophonie”, that notably actualizes the contemporary concept of “québéquicity”.

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Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to study the association between social relations and health in different social spheres, and to examine possible interaction effects. Material and Methods: In Paper I, the link between measures of the psychosocial neighbourhood environment, the psychosocial working environment, and psychosomatic health is analyzed by using a subset of data from the survey Life and Health 2000. In Paper II, the association between adolescent social relationships in school and psychosomatic health was analyzed by using the survey Young in Värmland. In Paper III, the association between parental monitoring, peer activity frequency, and adolescent alcohol use was studied by using Young in Värmland as the data source. In Paper IV, the links between adolescent perceptions of the psychosocial school climate, activities with parents, and psychosomatic health, were analysed by using Young in Värmland as the data source. Results: The results from Paper I indicate that social relations in the neighbourhood environment, as well as the working environment, are independently related to psychosomatic health. The independent contributions imply that efforts to improve health can be successfully directed to the psychosocial neighbourhood environment, as well as to the psychosocial working environment. The results from Paper II show that the social relations adolescents have in school may differ between subgroups of adolescents. The health effects of teacher contacts were stronger for the theoretically oriented students compared to the non-theoretically oriented students, suggesting that adolescents should be considered a heterogeneous group rather than a homogeneous one with respect to their social relations in school. Efforts to improve equity in health should consider these differences in order to be successful. In Paper III the results imply that even though both parents and the peer group are important in order to understand the alcohol use patterns of adolescents, the importance of parents should not be underestimated. Parental monitoring had a protective effect on adolescent alcohol use, regardless of the frequency of peer activities. In Paper IV, both the psychosocial school climate, and the frequency of activities with parents were related to psychosomatic health. The positive health effects of the psychosocial school climate were, furthermore, reinforced as a function of the frequency of activities with parents. This suggests that efforts to improve health should be directed to the school environment as well as to the family environment in order to be successful. Conclusions: The importance and meaning of social relations differ between different social arenas as well as between sub-groups of individuals.

La loi du 24 juillet 2006 relative à l’immigration et à l’intégration rend obligatoire la signature d’un contrat d’accueil et d’intégration pour toute personne amenée à demeurer sur le territoire français et elle subordonne, par son volet linguistique, la délivrance ou le renouvellement d’un titre de séjour à la condition linguistique. Dans ce contexte, un lien explicite est établi, au niveau politique, entre la nécessité de ce dispositif et l’importance que revêt le principe d’« égalité entre les femmes et les hommes », présenté comme un socle incontournable de l’ « idéal français d’intégration ».Partant d’enquêtes de terrain réalisées dans le cadre de cette « offre-obligation » de formation linguistique en fonctionnement, cette thèse propose de montrer comment ce dispositif contractuel d’enseignement apprentissage du français est un lieu d’incorporation et de réactualisation du genre et des rapports sociaux, ces derniers étant considérés comme consubstantiels.Les problématisations et les interprétations de la réactualisation du genre et des rapports sociaux dans le cadre de ce dispositif de prescription linguistico-culturelle articulent une analyse des contextes et/ou principes qui accompagnent sa mise en fonctionnement : l’égalité entre les sexes, la mise en opposition de l’immigration (choisie vs subie), la multiplication des formes contractuelles d’action publique, les politiques d’activation de l’emploi, l’autonomie, l’égalité des chances, le travail, la diversité, etc. Ceci donnera à questionner le processus de contractualisation des rapports sociaux. / Since the adoption of the law on immigration and integration on July 24, 2006, any person applying for residency in France has the legal obligation to sign the Accommodation and Integration Contract (CAI). This contract notably subordinates the issuing or the renewal of a residence permit to the completion of language tests and/or trainings. In this context, a link is explicitly established politically between the necessity of this Foucaldian apparatus and the importance of the “equality between women and men” principle, presented as a fundamental base of the “French integration ideal”.In this thesis, a fieldwork-based account of the implementation of these “offered-required” linguistic trainings demonstrates how the French teaching-learning contract is the place of the incorporation and reactualization of the consubstantial gender and social “relations” (rapports sociaux).In this case of cultural and linguistic institutional prescription, the problematizations and interpretations of the gender and social re-actualization processes are articulated with an analysis of the contexts and principles that trigger the realization of the contractual apparatus : sexual equality, the construction of opposition in immigration (“chosen vs. suffered”), employment activation policies, autonomy, equality of chances, work, diversity, etc. This will take us to consider the contractualization of social “relations” (rapports sociaux).

The purpose of this essay is to gain a deeper understanding of the social relations that take place at work between locals and seasonal workers in Åre, and to find out whether there exists a division between those who work and live seasonal in Åre and those who permanently live and work in Åre. The method used is a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews consisting of four seasonal workers and three locals in Åre from a storytelling perspective. The general results show that there is a strong division between these two groups because of their completely separate lifestyles, but still it does not exist any overall conflict between them. Their working relationship overall was decent but they were not socialized beyond work or even had a thought for that either. The strong division between these groups created a feeling of exclusion, the one group felt that it did not belong to the other and vice versa. Opinions about seasonal workers different habits and behavior in Åre compared to their habits at home arose, which both groups were aware of solidified the grouping. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en djupare förståelse över de sociala relationer som sker på arbetet mellan lokalbefolkningen och säsongsarbetarna i Åre, samt ta reda på om det existerar en uppdelning mellan de som arbetar samt bor säsong i Åre och de som permanent arbetar och bor i Åre. Metoden som vi använt är kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra säsongsarbetare och tre lokala från Åre utifrån ett berättande perspektiv. Det generella resultatet visar på att det existerar en stark uppdelning mellan dessa två grupper då de lever helt åtskilda liv men att trots detta inte existerar någon övergripande konflikt mellan dem. Deras arbetsrelation fungerade bra men de umgicks ej utöver arbetet eller hade en önskan om det heller. Utanförskapen var utgjord av de två grupperingarna, att den ena gruppen kände att den inte tillhörde den andra och vice versa. Det uppstod åsikter om säsongsarbetarnas annorlunda vanor och beteende i Åre jämfört med deras vanor hemma, vilket båda var väl medvetna om förstärkte grupperingen.

Orientador: Roberta Gurgel Azzi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GomesNeto_Rogerio_M.pdf: 1402789 bytes, checksum: 9f7f67bc59ccf5c5c7e062172f8e480b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as relações sociais no Ensino Médio por meio da identificação, descrição e análise das habilidades sociais dos jovens alunos. Participaram deste estudo 219 alunos do ensino médio de escolas públicas dos municípios de Campinas (SP) e Pedreira (SP). Os dados foram coletados presencialmente, nas escolas, com dois instrumentos: Questionário de Caracterização do Participante e Escala MESSY de Habilidades Sociais. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados utilizando-se das técnicas descritiva e inferencial que têm como objetivo medir, explicar e prever o grau de relacionamento entre as variáveis. A escala MESSY, que passou por um pequeno processo de adaptação para este estudo, foi submetida a diversas análises estatísticas. Após análise fatorial, chegou-se a quatro fatores que se assemelham aos apontados pela literatura, que são Habilidades Sociais/Assertividade, Agressividade/ Comportamento Antissocial, Vaidade/Arrogância e Solidão/Ansiedade Social. Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa no fator Habilidades Sociais/Assertividade, com maior escore na faixa etária 16-17 anos e maior escore no gênero feminino. No fator Agressividade/Comportamento Antissocial, também foram encontradas diferenças significativas, com maior escore no período noturno e maior escore para os alunos do 2º ano do ensino médio. De modo geral, os resultados indicaram valores altos para a amostra como um todo quanto ao fator Habilidades Sociais/Assertividade e valores baixos para o fator Agressividade/Comportamento Antissocial. / Abstract: The objective of the present study was to deepen the understanding of social relations in high school through the identification, description and analysis of students' social skills. 219 high school students took part in this study. They are from public schools in Campinas and Pedreira, cities in the interior of São Paulo state. Data was personally collected through two instruments: Participant Characterization Questionnaire, and MESSY Social Skills Scale. Data was statiscally analyzed using the descriptive and inferential techniques with the purpose of measuring, explaining and anticipating the level of relationship among the variables. The MESSY Scale, which had a small adaptation for this study, was submitted to several statistic analysis. After the factorial analysis, four factors came up which are similar to the ones presented in the literature, namely: Social Skills/Assertiveness, Aggressiveness/Anti-social behavior, Conceit/Haughtiness and Loneliness/Social Anxiety. Results show a significant difference for the Social Skills/Assertiveness: higher score for 16-17 year-old range, and higher score for females. For the Aggressiveness/Anti-social behavior factor, significant differences were found as well: higher score for the evening students, and higher score for the students of the 2nd year. In general, the results indicate high scores for the sample as a whole as to Social Skills/Assertiveness factor, and low scores for Aggressiveness/Anti-social behavior. / Mestrado / Psicologia Educacional / Mestre em Educação

Aim – The paper aims to acknowledge female microentrepreneurs' situation, using a feminist perspective, by identifying affecting aspects and factors when relying on borrowing a smartphone in order to run their business. Further, the study will have the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals number 8. Decent work and economic growth, and number 10. Reduced inequality, as an overall guideline.  Design / methodology / approach – To acknowledge the female microentrepreneurs' situation, we used feminist standpoint to understand the female mictroentreprenuers. The method for the data collection was a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews in the urban area of Accra, with a total of 15 female microentrepreneurs. The data were analysed and generated five concepts; relation to the mobile owner, feelings about borrowing, limitations with borrowing, impact of smartphone use in the microenterprise and impact of smartphone use for the female.  Findings – The findings of this paper point to the importance and positive aspects of using a smartphone when running a business, but also how smartphones have become a symbol of power when borrowing, as the female microentreprenuers are in reliance of the mobile owner. The study found six salient aspects affecting the social relations when borrowing a smartphone; relationships, mutual understanding, compensation, attitude, control and dependence. Further, four factors; customer relations, marketing, self-empowerment and financial empowerment, had an impact on the female microentrepreneurs and their businesses.  Originality / value – By using a feminist standpoint, this study extends the existing knowledge of the usage of smartphones in order to run a business and how operating a business empowers females. It also expands the current understanding about how borrowing a smartphone affects female microenterprises.

”MAN BLIR SÅ GLAD NÄR DET KNACKAR PÅ DÖRREN…”- EN KVALITATIV STUDIE OM UPPLEVELSER AV SOCIAL SAMVARO INOM SÄRSKILT BOENDE FÖR ÄLDRELINDA STENBERGStenberg, L. ”Man blir så glad när det knackar på dörren…”. En kvalitativ studie angående äldres upplevelser av social samvaro inom särskilt boende. Examensarbete i Socialt arbete, 30 högskolepoäng. Malmö universitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, Institutionen för Socialt arbete, 2018.Abstrakt: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka äldres upplevelser och beskrivningar av social samvaro när boendeformen är ett särskilt boende. Kvalitativa intervjuer har gjorts med fem personer som bor på ett särskilt boende i södra Skåne. Resultatet visar att den sociala samvaron brister utifrån de äldres beskrivningar inom valt särskilt boende för studien. Respondenterna beskriver sin sociala tillvaro som begränsad, vilket dels beror på verksamhetens utbud av aktiviteter med sociala inslag, men också på grund av en försämrad hälsa och känslor av ensamhet. Däremot framkommer att flera av respondenterna har ett frekvent umgänge med nära familjemedlemmar, men utifrån beskrivningar nämns inga vänner eller andra relationer som är av betydelse. Vikten av sociala relationer och samhörighet med andra beskrivs mestadels utifrån minnen av personernas liv före flytten till äldreboendet. Förslag till förändringar eller framtida önskemål beskrivs vagt i förhållande till deras nuvarande situation, vilket ses som problematiskt eftersom det tros skapa en diskrepans mellan individ och verksamhet angående behovet av social samvaro. Det finns ett betydande missnöje hos respondenterna vad gäller möjligheter för social samvaro utifrån deras boendesituation. Bortsett från aktiviteterna så beskrivs det finnas svårigheter att föra samtal med varandra. Den sociala interaktionen mellan personerna uppfattas som onaturlig och framtvingad. Dessutom har de flesta svårt för att framföra sina klagomål, vilket uttrycks bero på ambivalens, dolda känslor och beroendet till rollen som omsorgstagare och äldre.Nyckelord: äldre, social, särskilt boende, sociala relationer, socialt nätverk, hälsa, äldreomsorg. / ”A KNOCK ON THE DOOR BRIGHTENS UP YOUR DAY…”- A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON EXPERIENCES OF SOCIAL INTERACTION IN SPECIAL ACCOMMODATION FOR THE ELDERLYLINDA STENBERGStenberg, L. "A knock on the door brightens up your day...". A qualitative study of older people's experiences of social life in special housing. Degree Project in Social Work, 30 credits. Malmö university: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Social Work, 2018.Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the experiences of elderly people and descriptions of social interaction when the housing form is special accommodation. Qualitative interviews have been conducted with five people living in an elderly residence in southern Skåne.The results show that the elderly experience limitations in their social life within the chosen special accommodation for the study. The respondents describe their social lives as limited, due in part to the selected choice of activities with social elements, but also because of the deterioration of their health and feelings of loneliness. On the other hand, it appears that several respondents have a frequent relationship with close family members, but based on descriptions, no friends or other relationships are mentioned that matters. The importance of social relationships and interconnection with others is mostly described based on memories of people's lives before moving to the elderly accommodation. Proposals for changes or future requests are described vaguely in relation to their current situation, which is considered problematic because it is thought to create a discrepancy between individuals and organizations regarding the need for social exchanges.There is a significant dissatisfaction with most respondents regarding opportunities for social interaction based on their living situation. Apart from the activities described there are difficulties in making conversations with each other. The daily social communication between those interviewed is perceived as unnatural and enforced. However, most of these people find it hard to convey their complaints, which are expressed by ambivalence, hidden feelings and dependence on the role of caretakers and elderly people.Keywords: elderly, social, nursing homes, social relations, social networks, health, elderly care.

Au cours des dernières années, l'utilisation de simulations à base d'agents pour étudier les systèmes sociaux s'est étendue à de nombreux domaines (géographie, écologie, sociologie, économie, etc.). Ces simulations visent à reproduire des situations réelles impliquant des acteurs humains ; il est donc nécessaire d'y intégrer des agents complexes reproduisant le comportement des personnes simulées. Par conséquent, des notions telles que la cognition, les émotions, la personnalité, les relations sociales ou les normes doivent être prises en compte. Pour autant, il n'existe actuellement aucune architecture d'agent intégrant toutes ces caractéristiques et pouvant être utilisée par la majorité des modélisateurs, y compris ceux n'étant pas expert en programmation informatique. Dans cette thèse, l'architecture BEN (Behavior with Emotions and Norms) est présentée pour répondre à cette question. Il s'agit d'une architecture modulaire basée sur le modèle BDI de la cognition avec des modules pour ajouter des émotions, de la contagion émotionnelle, une personnalité, des relations sociales et des normes au comportement des agents. Ces dimensions comportementales sont formalisées de manière à ce qu'elles puissent fonctionner ensemble pour produire un comportement crédible dans le contexte des simulations sociales. L'architecture est implémentée dans la plate-forme de simulation GAMA afin de la rendre utilisable par la communauté des simulations sociales. Enfin, BEN est utilisé pour étudier deux cas d'évacuation d'une boîte de nuit en feu, montrant que l'architecture est actuellement utilisable à travers son implémentation dans GAMA et qu'elle permet aux modélisateurs de reproduire des situations réelles impliquant des acteurs humains. / Over the last few years, the use of agent-based simulations to study social systems has spread to many domains (e.g. geography, ecology, sociology, economy). These simulations aim to reproduce real life situations involving human beings and thus need to integrate complex agents to match the behavior of the people simulated. Therefore, notions such as cognition, emotions, personality, social relations or norms have to be taken into account, but currently there is no agent architecture that could incorporate all these features and be used by the majority of modelers, including those with low levels of skills in programming. In this thesis, the BEN (Behavior with Emotions and Norms) architecture is introduced to tackle this issue. It is a modular architecture based on the BDI model of cognition featuring modules for adding emotions, emotional contagion, personality, social relations and norms to agent behavior. These behavioral dimensions are formalised in a way so they may operate together to produce a believable behavior in the context of social simulations. The architecture is implemented into the GAMA simulation platform in order to make it usable by the social simulation community. Finally, BEN is used to study two cases of evacuation of a nightclub on fire, showing it is currently usable throught its implementation into GAMA and it enables modelers to reproduce real life situations involving human actors.