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In recent years, state governments, exemplified by Mississippi, have significantly expanded their online service offerings to reduce costs and improve efficiency. However, this shift has led to challenges in managing digital identities effectively, with multiple fragmented solutions in use. This paper proposes a Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) framework based on distributed ledger technology. SSI grants individuals control over their digital identities, enhancing privacy and security without relying on a centralized authority. The contributions of this research include increased efficiency, improved privacy and security, enhanced user satisfaction, and reduced costs in state government digital identity management. The paper provides background on digital identity management in the public sector, discusses existing practices, presents the SSI framework as a solution, and outlines potential future research areas.

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Submitted by Fábio da Silva Siqueira (fassique@gmail.com) on 2016-01-12T13:23:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Fábio Siqueira 2015.pdf: 1326913 bytes, checksum: 4ffa3a4676566ed9e2bc58f346994424 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2016-01-13T13:21:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Fábio Siqueira 2015.pdf: 1326913 bytes, checksum: 4ffa3a4676566ed9e2bc58f346994424 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2016-01-15T18:37:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Fábio Siqueira 2015.pdf: 1326913 bytes, checksum: 4ffa3a4676566ed9e2bc58f346994424 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-15T18:37:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Fábio Siqueira 2015.pdf: 1326913 bytes, checksum: 4ffa3a4676566ed9e2bc58f346994424 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / This paper presents a diagnosis and an analysis of the transparency currently adopted by the State Government of Rio de Janeiro. Since the enactment of the Access to Information Act in Brazil, n° 12.527/2011, and regulations of subnational governments, the State of Rio de Janeiro’s performance has been negatively evaluated by educational and research institutions, as well as by the federal government. To characterize the state of Rio de Janeiro, an analysis of transparency under four dimensions is presented: (i) legal; (ii) technological; (iii) organizational; and (iv) policy. This analysis identifies the need to improve Rio de Janeiro’s commitments to transparency, and it proposes recommendations for improvement. It outlines the current state of transparency in Rio de Janeiro, better practices, and it outlines the benefits that an improved transparency infrastructure would be able to generate. Finally, the paper suggests several means of improving the state's commitment to public transparency. / O presente trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico e uma análise da transparência no governo do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Desde a sanção da Lei de Acesso a Informações – LAI no Brasil, lei n° 12.527/2011, e as regulamentações dos governos subnacionais, o estado do Rio de Janeiro tem sido avaliado negativamente por instituições de ensino e pesquisa e por metodologias desenvolvidas pelo próprio governo federal, no sentido principal de garantir o direito fundamental de acesso à informação. Para caracterizar a situação do Rio de Janeiro, foi realizada uma análise da transparência sob quatro dimensões: (i) legal; (ii) tecnológica; (iii) organizacional; e (iv) política. Disto, decorre o desafio que conduz o presente trabalho, que é o de aperfeiçoar a transparência fluminense, mediante a sistematização de diretrizes com recomendações de melhoria, a partir das normas vigentes, das boas práticas no setor público e das inadequações do governo fluminense, também apontando os benefícios específicos que as medidas concretas podem gerar. Ao final, são sugeridos passos para melhorar o compromisso do estado com a transparência pública.

Submitted by Leandro Silva (leandro.buenavila@gmail.com) on 2016-12-22T11:42:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_leandrosilva.pdf: 1508186 bytes, checksum: d14f17c817d0ebaa8881d51690a3d8e8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-01-03T13:50:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_leandrosilva.pdf: 1508186 bytes, checksum: d14f17c817d0ebaa8881d51690a3d8e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T12:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_leandrosilva.pdf: 1508186 bytes, checksum: d14f17c817d0ebaa8881d51690a3d8e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-29 / Este trabalho constitui-se de uma análise e uma proposta de intervenção sobre a transparência das informações sobre as políticas públicas propostas pelo Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Entende-se como essas informações, aquelas relativas a elaboração e execução dos bens e serviços entregues à sociedade, e que constam no Plano Plurianual (PPA). Historicamente, o Rio de Janeiro possui uma administração centralizada com fortes traços patrimonialistas, fraca tradição em planejamento e grande restrição ao acesso à informação. Tendo essas questões como pano de fundo, decorrem algumas inconsistências visíveis tanto em nível estratégico de governo quanto em nível mais específico no âmbito dos órgãos da administração pública fluminense, cuja análise foi realizada sob três dimensões: física, intelectual e comunicacional. Disto, propõe-se o desafio de contribuir para a transparência das informações sobre políticas públicas, a partir das determinações constantes nas normas vigentes sobre transparênca, dos estudos já realizados sobre o tema, das boas práticas no setor público e das inconsistências encontradas no governo fluminense. Dessas análises, foram propostas ações e recomendações para melhoria, e elencados os benefícios esperados decorrentes dessa intervenção. / This paper consists of an analysis and a proposal for intervention on the transparency of information of public policies proposed by the state government of Rio de Janeiro. It´s understood as such information, those related to development and implementation of products and services delivered to society, included in the Plano Plurianual (PPA), a four year long-term plan. Historically, Rio de Janeiro has a centralized administration with strong patrimonial traits, weak tradition in planning and serious restriction on access to information. Having these issues as a backdrop, there´s some inconsistencies visible both at the strategic and specific level of the Rio de Janeiro government, whose analysis was performed in three dimensions: physical, intellectual, and communicational. From this analisys, comes the challenge to contribute to improve the transparency of information of public policies, consider studies and determinations in the current regulations on transparency, good practices in the public sector and inconsistencies detected in the Rio de Janeiro state government. Finally, the paper suggest actions and recommendations for improving transparency and list the expected benefits resulting from such intervention.

Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-11-23T16:42:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CLÁUDIA SANTANA.pdf: 1573233 bytes, checksum: 002a26b00452977bae826bcca5c508cb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-11-23T16:44:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CLÁUDIA SANTANA.pdf: 1573233 bytes, checksum: 002a26b00452977bae826bcca5c508cb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-12-14T18:15:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLÁUDIA SANTANA.pdf: 1573233 bytes, checksum: 002a26b00452977bae826bcca5c508cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-19 / Due to the importance of the government‟s internal control, countrywide and worldwide, given the increase of corruption and the administrative inefficiency towards the citizens and the lack of research about the controlling activity of the government expenditures with public money, this study tried to identify the government management to improve the public spending. Thereupon, the study attempted to examine the quality of the outlay related to the government‟s internal control and analyze the management system of internal control used by the state of Pernambuco, identifying the best practices that are directly related to the efficiency of the public resources outflow. The agency of internal control of the Pernambuco state government was chosen as the subject of analysis as a result of the fact that this agency has gone through huge administrative changes due to the renovation and adaptation to the new demand made by the society, which wants transparency and quality in the control of public money expenditures. In the results shown, it was possible to verify practices that indicated a financial gain for the State, which means that there are resources available to be spent in the enlargement of the benefits towards the society. The organizational structure costs of the control agency were also shown, which pointed to a positive economical result as a result of the practices done by the internal control agency. The study concluded that the Pernambuco internal control agency is aligned with the most modern principles of management, which focus on the results of the actions. However being in the right direction, it was clear that improvements related to the increase of administrative control practices in the state were observed. / Diante da importância do tema relacionado à atividade de controle interno governamental, no cenário nacional e internacional, tendo em vista o aumento da corrupção e a ineficiência administrativa no alcance dos resultados voltados para os cidadãos e ainda, da escassez de pesquisas exploratórias acerca da atividade de controle com enfoque na efetividade em busca da melhoria do gasto público, este estudo procurou identificar práticas da gestão do controle interno governamental que repercutem efetivamente na melhoria da qualidade do gasto público. Para isso procurou conceituar a qualidade do gasto relacionada à atuação do controle interno governamental e avaliar o modelo gerencial de controle interno adotado pelo Estado de Pernambuco, diagnosticando as práticas que estão diretamente relacionadas à melhoria da qualidade na aplicação do recurso público. A escolha do órgão de controle interno governamental do Estado de Pernambuco para o objeto deste estudo deve-se ao fato deste órgão ter sido palco de grandes mudanças na sua gestão com vistas à renovação e adaptação à nova demanda da sociedade que clama pela transparência e qualidade na aplicação do recurso público. Dos resultados apresentados foi possível identificar práticas decorrentes da ação do órgão de controle interno na gestão pública que indicaram um ganho financeiro para o Estado, ficando assim o recurso disponível para a ampliação de benefícios destinados à sociedade. Salientou-se, ainda, o custo da estrutura organizacional do órgão de controle, fato que apontou para um resultado econômico positivo decorrente das ações do órgão de controle interno. O estudo concluiu pela existência de alinhamento do órgão de controle de Pernambuco com os princípios mais modernos de gestão a partir do enfoque no resultado das ações. No entanto, apesar de estar na direção certa, ficou evidente a necessidade de grandes avanços com o fim de potencializar as ações de controle na gestão pública estadual.

A severe capital shortage in South Africa during the 1980s resulted in significant losses for both freight and passenger rail, which gave rise to cutbacks in new investments for rail. By 1986 expenditure on fixed rail assets was reduced from R1.44 billion to R500 million; this was the beginning of the decline of freight rail. During this period freight transport was deregulated and road freight used this opportunity to compete with rail transport in the same market segment by transporting bulk goods on long hauls. The result of this was an increase in truck traffic on the roads, causing a negative impact on the conditions of the road and placing freight rail in a continuous decline, leading to the obsolete state of the rail infrastructure, rolling stock and its under-utilisation. This had a detrimental impact on freight rail and the economy. Having realised the extent of the problem, government, through the Department of Transport (DoT), decided to intervene by changing the current model of the freight transport system. To that effect the DoT is in the process of developing a National Rail Policy, with the main focus being to encourage the shift of freight transportation of bulk commodities from road to rail. As the National Rail Agency, Transnet undertakes all South Africa‟s freight rail operations through its Transnet Freight Rail (TFR) division. As such, TFR is ultimately responsible for the implementation of the road to rail implementation project. To that effect, TFR developed the MDS to revitalise itself and ensure its success. The objective of this research is to (a) assess the capacity of TFR to successfully implement the road to rail policy; (b) determine whether the implementation of road to rail will lead to freight rail efficiency and competitiveness, reliability and sustainability; and (c) establish the industry‟s reaction towards the shift from road to rail. In order to respond to the research question, qualitative research was chosen as the most appropriate approach. This facilitated an in-depth exploration and understanding of the issues around the road to rail project including how the industry feels about the issue, as well as an exploration of other possible alternatives which could provide the same or better results in a simpler and more effective manner. This research may serve as additional information for authorities to consider during the implementation of the road to rail project, and could render a better chance of success. Upon completion of this research the author concluded that Transnet Freight Rail has a good chance of success. The implementation of road to rail is being given adequate attention. Integration is possible as the industry welcomes and supports the road to rail programme, in fact a number of collaboration agreements already exist between rail and other transport modes. This will enable Transnet Freight Rail to achieve efficiency, sustainability and a competitive advantage within the seven year timeframe of the MDS. / Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL) / M. B. A. (Business Leadership)

While there has been a substantial body of research on interest group activity in U.S. federal courts, there has been comparatively little analysis of interest group engagement with state courts. Given that state courts adjudicate the vast majority of cases in the American legal system and very few cases are appealed to the Supreme Court, understanding why organized interests participate in these courts is of great importance. The present study analyzes interest group involvement as amicus curiae in all state courts of last resort from 1995-1999 to examine what factors motivate organized interests to turn to the courts. The results indicate that interest groups are primarily motivated by their policy goals in deciding which cases to file amicus briefs in, but that they are limited in their ability to file by institutional constraints unique to state courts of last resort. This research provides insight into interest group behavior, state courts and the role organized interests play in influencing legal outcomes in the American states.

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Text in Afrikaans / This dissertation is focused on questions on how the metropolitan municipalities, with specific reference to the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM), originated and developed. Against this background, the study consists of a theoretical exploration of the nature of the metropolis as a feature, as well as specific concepts related to it, an investigation into the most important metropolitan problems and an outline of the historical complications regarding the origin of metropolitan municipalities. In addition to this, personnel matters, financial relations and systems, the integrated development plans, ward committees and the role of councillors within the context of the CTMM were also investigated. / Public Administration / M.P.A.