Background: In strength sports, athletes must take several training variables into consideration whencreating a training program. One of the ground pillars is training frequency, but there is a lackof research done on competitive powerlifters. Therefore, the purpose of this study was toinvestigate the corelation between training frequency and performance, measured as Wilksscore, in competition for powerlifters. Methods: An online questionnaire was sent out through various social media platforms to activepowerlifters, with the purpose of gathering sufficient information on their training habits andcompetition scores. A total of 80 subjects followed through with the survey, but only 48 metthe final inclusion criteria. Participants were divided into three groups based on their trainingfrequency; separate groups were created for the different lifts. Total frequency was dived intothe groups (3, 4, >4) sessions per week, squat frequency into (1,2, >2), bench press (2,3,>3),deadlift (1,2,>2). Results: As the p-value of all the tests are larger than the alpha value (0,0125) there is no apparentdifference between the groups that can be attributed to the training frequency. Duringsubgroup analysis, there were no other significant correlations between Wilks score andcompetitive age, training frequency or training intensity. However, there was a trend for ancorrelation between training volume a slight effect on the total Wilks score (P = 0,077). Conclusion: Training frequency may not be an important factor for powerlifters after 1-2 sessions and aftera certain threshold of volume has been reached. However, a higher training frequency mayallow for higher training volumes which previous research has found favourable. Moreresearch over a longer time span is still needed.

<p>[missing page:45]</p> / <p>BACKGROUND: Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation during resistance exercise results in a greater increase in fat free mass (FFM), total body mass (TBM), and strength in young men and women. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the interactive effects of creatine supplementation and resistance training on body composition, strength, and intramuscular total creatine concentration in older men and women.</p> <p>METHODS: Twenty-eight older men and women were randomly allocated, in a double blind fashion, to receive either CrM (n=14; CrM: 5g + 2g dextrose) or placebo (n=14; PL: 7g dextrose). Subjects participated in a 14 wk progressive, whole-body resistance training program. Pre-and post-training measurements included: 1 RM strength, isometric strength, body composition (TBM, FFM, %BF), muscle fiber area, and muscle total creatine and phosphocreatine.</p> <p>RESULTS: Training resulted in an increase in 1 RM strength for each of the 4 exercises (range = 26 - 60%) (p < 0.001), an increase in knee and dorsiflexion isometric strength (p < 0.001) and an improvement of performance on functional tasks (p < 0.001). Knee isometric strength was increased more for CrM (46.2%) as compared to PL (22.5%) (p < 0.05). Total body mass and lean body mass increased more for CrM (TBM: +1.2 kg; LBM: +1.7 kg) as compared to PL (TBM: -0.2 kg; LBM: 0.4 kg) (p < 0.05)</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that erM supplementation results in a greater increase in isometric knee extensor strength, total body mass and lean body mass during resistance training in older adults.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

<p>This study is an assignment from Västerbottens läns landsting (VLL). The study’s main objective is to examine physical exercise habits and the most common motives for exercise among employees at VLL. It also compares educational status and gender differences to see if there is any significant dissimilarity regarding motives. The study is a quantitative study that used an electronic questionnaire to collect data from the respondents. The conclusion of this survey is that high educated people are more physical active than the other educational statuses and that low educated people are least likely to participate in physical activity. There is also a significant difference between men and women and their physical activity as men in greater extension than women is physical active and exercises more. The study also showed that there is no significant difference in strength training habits between educational status or gender. The most common motives to exercise are: <em>it´s healthy</em>, <em>improve stamina</em>, <em>inner satisfaction</em>, <em>maintain fitness</em>,<em> relaxing</em> and <em>it´s fun</em>.<em> </em>In strength training the most common motives are: <em>get stronger</em>, <em>it´s healthy</em>, <em>inner satisfaction</em>, <em>maintain fitness</em>,<em> get well-trained</em> and <em>that it is nice to strength train</em>.</p>

This study is an assignment from Västerbottens läns landsting (VLL). The study’s main objective is to examine physical exercise habits and the most common motives for exercise among employees at VLL. It also compares educational status and gender differences to see if there is any significant dissimilarity regarding motives. The study is a quantitative study that used an electronic questionnaire to collect data from the respondents. The conclusion of this survey is that high educated people are more physical active than the other educational statuses and that low educated people are least likely to participate in physical activity. There is also a significant difference between men and women and their physical activity as men in greater extension than women is physical active and exercises more. The study also showed that there is no significant difference in strength training habits between educational status or gender. The most common motives to exercise are: it´s healthy, improve stamina, inner satisfaction, maintain fitness, relaxing and it´s fun. In strength training the most common motives are: get stronger, it´s healthy, inner satisfaction, maintain fitness, get well-trained and that it is nice to strength train.

Tyrimo objektas: ligonių, patyrusių miokardo infarktą, funkcinis pajėgumas, taikant aerobinę treniruotę, jėgos treniruotę ir kombinuotą mankštą (aerobinę + jėgos treniruotę). Darbo tikslas: Nustatyti, kuri kineziterapijos programa – aerobinė, jėgos ar kombinuota – turi didesnį poveikį patyrusiųjų miokardo infarktą funkciniam pajėgumui. Uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti tiriamųjų per 6 min. nueitą atstumą, ramybės kraujospūdį ir pulsą bei subjektyvius nusiskundimus prieš ir po aerobinės kineziterapijos programos. 2. Įvertinti tiriamųjų per 6 min. nueitą atstumą, ramybės kraujospūdį ir pulsą bei subjektyvius nusiskundimus prieš ir po jėgos kineziterapijos programos. 3. Įvertinti tiriamųjų per 6 min. nueitą atstumą, ramybės kraujospūdį ir pulsą bei subjektyvius nusiskundimus prieš ir po kombinuotos kineziterapijos programos. 4. Palyginti skirtingų kineziterapijos programų poveikį tiriamųjų funkciniam pajėgumui. Hipotezė: kombinuota kineziterapijos programa yra efektyvesnė nei jėgos ar aerobinė atgaunant patyrusiųjų miokardo infarktą funkcinį pajėgumą. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimas buvo atliktas 2011 m. UAB „Palangos linas“ viešbutyje-reabilitacijos centre. Tyrime dalyvavo 45 patyrę miokardo infarktą asmenys (27 vyrai ir 18 moterų), kurie buvo suskirstyti į 3 grupes: I grupės tiriamiesiems (n=15) – taikyta aerobinė treniruotė, II grupės tiriamiesiems (n=15) – taikyta jėgos treniruotė, III grupės tiriamiesiems (n=15) – kombinuota treniruotė Visi tiriamieji gavo po 10 kineziterapijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Study subject: functional capacity in patients after heart failure, applying aerobic, strenght and combined training. The aim of the study: To determine which physiotherapy program – aerobic, strenght or combined training - would have a bigger effect on functional capacity in patients after heart failure. Study goals: 1. To determine the distance, made in 6 minutes, rest blood pressure and heart rate, and subjective complaint before and after aerobic training. 2. To determine the distance, made in 6 minutes, rest blood pressure and heart rate, and subjective complaint before and after strenght training. 3. To determine the distance, made in 6 minutes, rest blood pressure and heart rate, and subjective complaint before and after combined training. 4. To compare the effect of different physiotherapy programes on functional capacity in patients after heart failure. Hypothesis: combined training would have the biggest effect in recovery of functional capacity in patients after heart failure than strenght or aerobic training. Study methods: Fourty five patients after heart failure were divided into three groups. The aerobic training program was applied for the first group patients, the strenght training program was applied for the second group patients and the third group patients received the combined training program. 6 minutes walk test, testing of blood pressure and heart rate and subjective questionaire were used to evaluate the functional capacity in... [to full text]

Um die Effektivität der Sporttherapie insbesondere im Rahmen der medizinischen Trainingstherapie zu erhöhen, müssen nach Sportverletzungen wie die vordere Kreuzbandruptur besondere Anforderungen an die Therapie gesetzt werden. Gründe sind die vom Kostenträger determinierte Rehabilitationszeit und eine anzustrebende komplikationslose sportliche Aktivität nach der Rehabilitation des Sportlers. Eine mögliche Alternative stellen offene kinetische Systeme dar. Diesen wird jedoch eine zu hohe Beanspruchung für das frische Transplantat unterstellt. Ziel war es, die Wirkung des offenen und des geschlossenen Systems im rehabilitativen Krafttraining an Patienten nach VKP zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden 34 Patienten (Alter 30 ± 9,9 Jahre, Gewicht 75,9 ± 13,2 kg, Größe 178,5 ± 5,5 cm) in eine randomisiert zweischenklige Trainingsstudie unter realen klinischen Bedingungen eingeschlossen (N=17 je Gruppe). Zur Überprüfung der Wirkung der Trainingstherapie wurden ein Isokinet (120°/s), Lachmanntest mittels Rolimeter sowie manuelle Umfangsmessungen jeweils vor und am Ende der Rehabilitation eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten signifikanten Kraftzunahmen der Knie-Extensoren und Flexoren (p<0,05) in beiden Gruppen. Zwischen beiden Gruppen lagen keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Ausmaß der Entwicklung der Kraftfähigkeiten vor (p>0,05). Die vorderen Schubladen blieben bei beiden Trainingsgruppen unverändert (p>0,05). Die Befunde zeigen, dass möglicherweise das offene kinetische System im rehabilitativen Krafttraining eine sinnvolle Ergänzung darstellen kann. / To increase the effectiveness of sports therapy particularly in the context of medical training therapy, must be put in the treatment of sports injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament special requirements. Reasons are the cost of carrier-determined rehabilitation time and a desirable complication-free sporting activity for the rehabilitation of the athlete. A possible alternative are open kinetic systems but it is deemed too high a load for the fresh graft assumed. The aim, the effect of the open and the closed system was examined in the rehabilitative strength training in patients after retail price. These were 34 patients (age 30 ± 9.9 years, weight 75.9 ± 13.2 kg, 178.5 ± 5.5 cm size) were enrolled in a randomized study with two groups under real clinical conditions. To check the effects of exercise therapy were used with an isokinetic (120 ° / s), Lachmann test using Rolimeter and manual volume measurements before and at the end of rehabilitation. The results showed significant increases in strength of knee extensors and flexors (p <0.05) in both groups. Between two groups were not significantly different in the degree of development of strength abilities before (p> 0.05). The laxity of LCA remained unchanged in both training groups (p> 0.05). The findings show that potentially, the open kinetic system in rehabilitative strength training be a useful addition.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Dagens stillasittande livsstil med ökat intag av energigivande ämnen resulterar i ett konstant anabolt hormonellt påslag. Detta leder till ökad övervikt och andra välfärdssjukdomar. Det rekommenderas att individer håller sig till en hög måltidsfrekvens med jämna mellanrum under dagen. Detta har börjat ifrågasättas med konkurrerande alternativ som involverar en tidigare samhällslivsstil så långt som 10 000 år sedan, då måltidsfrekvensen inte kunde planeras på samma sätt som idag. Syfte: Syftet är att under sju veckor undersöka effekten av två stycken veckovisa 24-timmars periodiska förbud mot intag av energigivande ämnen, med implementering av fysisk styrketräning och dess effekt på lean body mass (LBM) och fettvikt hos yngre individer. Metod: Två separata 24-timmars perioder av fasta i samband med tre separata styrketräningstillfällen genomfördes per vecka under sju veckor. Kroppsmått gällande kroppsfett i procent, fettvikt i kilogram (kg), kroppsdimensioner i centimeter (cm), LBM och total kroppsvikt i kg togs innan och efter studiens genomförande. Sju deltagare (två män och fem kvinnor) slutförde sitt deltagande i studien. Resultat: Samtliga deltagare ökade i LBM, med en medelökningen på 1,3 kg. Den största ökningen var 2,6 kg, och återfanns hos två deltagare. Samtliga deltagare minskade sitt procentuella kroppsfett. Den högsta minskningen var 4,8 %, den lägsta minskningen var 1 %. Medelminskningen i fettvikt var 2 kg hos individerna. Den största minskningen av fettvikt var 4,2 kg, och den lägsta minskningen var 0,64 kg. Slutsats: Periodisk fasta under två stycken 24-timmarsperioder per vecka kan fungera som ett verktyg för att minska fettprocent/fettvikt och samtidigt öka muskelmassan om det görs i kombination med tre stycken styrketräningstillfällen under samma vecka. Denna slutsats ifrågasätter äldre forskning och påståenden om vikten vid att hålla en hög och jämn måltidsfrekvens. / Abstract Background: Today's sedentary lifestyle with increased intake of energy giving substances results in a constant anabolic hormonal onset. This leads to increased obesity and other lifestyle diseases. It is recommended that individuals adhere to a high meal frequency at regular intervals throughout the day. This has been questioned with competing alternatives involving a former lifestyle as long as 10 000 years ago, when the meal frequency could not be planned in the same way as today. Objective: To investigate the effects of two 24 - hour periodic total restriction of consumption of energy giving substances, with the implementation of physical strength training and its effect on lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass in young individuals. Method: Two 24 hour periods of intermittent fasting in combination to three separate weight training sessions took place weekly for seven weeks. Body measurements involving body fat percentage, fat mass in kilograms (kg), body perimeters in centimeters (cm), LBM and total body weight in kg was measured before and after the study. Seven participants completed the study. The group included two men and five women (n = 7). Results: All participants increased their LBM, the mean increase was 1.3 kg. The largest increase was 2.6 kg, and was found among two of the participants. All participants reduced their body fat percentage. The highest reduction was 4.8 %, the lowest reduction was 1 %. The average decrease in fat weight was 2 kg. The largest reduction in fat weight was 4.2 kg, and the lowest reduction was 0.64 kg. Conclusion: Intermittent fasting during two separate 24-hour periods per week can serve as a tool in reducing body fat / fat mass while increasing muscle mass if done in combination with weight training three times during the same week. This finding questions the earlier research and claims about the importance of maintaining a consistently high meal frequency.

v anglickém jazyce: Incidence and management of muscle imbalances in physically active and inactive populations: Objective rehabilitation solutions for populations with nonspecific back pain Summary Totally 258 patients with chronic low back pain aged 51,5 +8,4 years were treated for three weeks in the Rehabilitation Centre focused on lumbar back pain. We observed incidence of muscle dysbalances and accomplished their exact objectiveness using the Tergumed system. We tried to compare and solve their mutual influence during the rehabilitation treatment. We compared differences between physically active and physically inactive population, the impact of total motivation,age and other factors on the improvement of strenght, motion, dysbalances and total pain relief.Significant improvement of movement and muscle strenght p <0,001 were documented on the Tergumed in three weeks.The physically active population and patients motivated.by using the Tergumed preferred active exercises to passive therapy. We also observed improvement in finger-floor distance and reduction of pain, documented by the visual analogue scale, decrease in body weight and cholesterol level (p <0,001). In three- week observation nor significant changes in muscle dysbalance, neither their differences according to sex,age ,chronical...

Um die Effektivität der Sporttherapie insbesondere im Rahmen der medizinischen Trainingstherapie zu erhöhen, müssen nach Sportverletzungen wie die vordere Kreuzbandruptur besondere Anforderungen an die Therapie gesetzt werden. Gründe sind die vom Kostenträger determinierte Rehabilitationszeit und eine anzustrebende komplikationslose sportliche Aktivität nach der Rehabilitation des Sportlers. Eine mögliche Alternative stellen offene kinetische Systeme dar. Diesen wird jedoch eine zu hohe Beanspruchung für das frische Transplantat unterstellt. Ziel war es, die Wirkung des offenen und des geschlossenen Systems im rehabilitativen Krafttraining an Patienten nach VKP zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden 34 Patienten (Alter 30 ± 9,9 Jahre, Gewicht 75,9 ± 13,2 kg, Größe 178,5 ± 5,5 cm) in eine randomisiert zweischenklige Trainingsstudie unter realen klinischen Bedingungen eingeschlossen (N=17 je Gruppe). Zur Überprüfung der Wirkung der Trainingstherapie wurden ein Isokinet (120°/s), Lachmanntest mittels Rolimeter sowie manuelle Umfangsmessungen jeweils vor und am Ende der Rehabilitation eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten signifikanten Kraftzunahmen der Knie-Extensoren und Flexoren (p<0,05) in beiden Gruppen. Zwischen beiden Gruppen lagen keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Ausmaß der Entwicklung der Kraftfähigkeiten vor (p>0,05). Die vorderen Schubladen blieben bei beiden Trainingsgruppen unverändert (p>0,05). Die Befunde zeigen, dass möglicherweise das offene kinetische System im rehabilitativen Krafttraining eine sinnvolle Ergänzung darstellen kann. / To increase the effectiveness of sports therapy particularly in the context of medical training therapy, must be put in the treatment of sports injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament special requirements. Reasons are the cost of carrier-determined rehabilitation time and a desirable complication-free sporting activity for the rehabilitation of the athlete. A possible alternative are open kinetic systems but it is deemed too high a load for the fresh graft assumed. The aim, the effect of the open and the closed system was examined in the rehabilitative strength training in patients after retail price. These were 34 patients (age 30 ± 9.9 years, weight 75.9 ± 13.2 kg, 178.5 ± 5.5 cm size) were enrolled in a randomized study with two groups under real clinical conditions. To check the effects of exercise therapy were used with an isokinetic (120 ° / s), Lachmann test using Rolimeter and manual volume measurements before and at the end of rehabilitation. The results showed significant increases in strength of knee extensors and flexors (p <0.05) in both groups. Between two groups were not significantly different in the degree of development of strength abilities before (p> 0.05). The laxity of LCA remained unchanged in both training groups (p> 0.05). The findings show that potentially, the open kinetic system in rehabilitative strength training be a useful addition.

v anglickém jazyce: Incidence and management of muscle imbalances in physically active and inactive populations: Objective rehabilitation solutions for populations with nonspecific back pain Summary Totally 258 patients with chronic low back pain aged 51,5 +8,4 years were treated for three weeks in the Rehabilitation Centre focused on lumbar back pain. We observed incidence of muscle dysbalances and accomplished their exact objectiveness using the Tergumed system. We tried to compare and solve their mutual influence during the rehabilitation treatment. We compared differences between physically active and physically inactive population, the impact of total motivation,age and other factors on the improvement of strenght, motion, dysbalances and total pain relief.Significant improvement of movement and muscle strenght p <0,001 were documented on the Tergumed in three weeks.The physically active population and patients motivated.by using the Tergumed preferred active exercises to passive therapy. We also observed improvement in finger-floor distance and reduction of pain, documented by the visual analogue scale, decrease in body weight and cholesterol level (p <0,001). In three- week observation nor significant changes in muscle dysbalance, neither their differences according to sex,age ,chronical...